Treatise 43: Provinces and Districts II

¶The Kinai comprises five provinces and governs fifty-three districts and 349 townships (Note: following the Engishiki and the Wamyōshō). It lies at the center of the Ōyashima, the great eight islands, and forms the heart of Ōyamato Toyoakitsushima.

¶In ancient times, when the Heavenly Ancestor dwelt in Takamagahara, the place where the many deities assembled was called Ame-no-Takechi, and the place where sakaki branches and metal were gathered was called Ame-no-Kaguyama (Note: from Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto onward, this follows the Engishiki. All these places lie in Yamato Province). Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto, together with his sons Ajisukitakahikone, Kotoshironushi and Kayanarumi, caused their divine spirits to be enshrined at Mimoro, Katsuragi, Kamo, Unade-no-Unate and Asuka, to guard the heavenly grandson. When the Great Ancestor (Emperor Jinmu) was still in the western lands (Kyūshū), Nagasunehiko held Nagasune, Eukashi held Uda, and Eshiki held Shiki. Local chieftains likewise held their own strongholds at Takaowari, Sofu, Wani, Hosomi, Nagara and other places. When the Great Ancestor began his eastern campaign, he pacified Namihaya, Kawachi, Chinu and Yoshino, and the various rebels were all cowed into submission. Once the central land (Yamato) was pacified, he fixed his capital at Kashihara, and every great undertaking flourished. He then granted the village of Tsukisaka to Michi-no-Omi-no-Mikoto, established the Ōkumebe west of Mount Unebi, and appointed the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Ōyamato, Katsuragi, Ōshikōchi and Yamashiro, as well as the Agatanushi of Shiki, Takeda and elsewhere (Note: for the appointments from Ōyamato onward, see the Kuji Hongi); but there was as yet no Kinai system (Note: the mention of "Kinai" in the Chronicle of Emperor Sujin, and the phrase "he fixed the capital region and made what lay beyond it the outer region" in the Chronicle of Emperor Nintoku, are probably both vague designations and do not mean the system actually existed). With the Taika Reform, the Kinai was first established. Its eastern limit was the Yokogawa of Nabari, its southern limit the Se-no-Yama of Kii, its western limit the Kushibuchi of Akashi, and its northern limit Mount Ōsaka in Ōmi. In the reign of Empress Jitō it was called the "Four Kinai" (Note: following the Nihon Shoki), meaning the four provinces of Yamato, Kawachi, Naniwa and Yamashiro. In the second year of Reiki (716), Izumi-no-Gen was established by separating part of Kawachi Province, and thereafter the term "Five Provinces of the Kinai" came into use. As Yoshino-no-Gen also existed at that time, it was sometimes called the "Four Kinai and Two Gen." In the twelfth year of Tenpyō (740), Izumi-no-Gen was merged into Kawachi Province, and in the second year of Tenpyō-hōji (758) Izumi Province was established again (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). Before this, the Settsu-shiki (Settsu Office) had been established at Naniwa (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Ryō no Gige); in the twelfth year of Enryaku (793), the Settsu Office was abolished and made Settsu Province, and Yoshino-no-Gen was also abolished and incorporated into Yamato Province, so that the Kinai was finally fixed at five provinces (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Wamyōshō). In the third year of Jōwa (836) an ordinance was issued stating, "In the order of the provinces of the Kinai, Yamato is the first; but following the new regulations, Yamashiro should be placed first" (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki), and the Engi regulations followed this (Note: following the Engishiki and the Wamyōshō).

¶In ancient times, from the Great Ancestor's founding of the capital, successive emperors had their capitals in Yamato for some 1,300 years. When the Middle Ancestor (Emperor Tenji) moved the capital to Ōmi, the Jinshin Disturbance broke out. Emperor Tenmu left Yoshino and entered Ise, raised troops in the eastern provinces, blocked the Fuwa Barrier, divided his forces to take Yamato, and then advanced upon the capital and fought a great battle at Seta, where the imperial army was defeated. Emperor Kōbun (Prince Ōtomo) died suddenly, and Emperor Tenmu entered the capital, took up the imperial succession, and again made his capital in Ōyamato (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). When Emi-no-Oshikatsu (Fujiwara-no-Nakamaro) rebelled and fled eastward with his followers, he was soon put to death (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). Emperor Kanmu moved the capital to Heian-kyō, established the Left and Right Capitals and the East and West Markets, and institutions and regulations were greatly perfected (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Shūgaishō). In the reign of Emperor Saga, Kusuko and Nakanari staged a rebellion, and as the Retired Emperor Heizei sought to travel to Ise, the emperor sent troops to hold the river crossings at Uji and Yamazaki; Nakanari was executed and the matter was settled (Note: following the Nihon Kōki). Thereafter the capital saw no military disturbance for more than 340 years. In the Hōgen era, the two emperors Sutoku and Go-Shirakawa contended with each other and blood stained the court; the decline of the imperial house truly began here (Note: following the Hōgen Monogatari). When Fujiwara-no-Nobuyori rebelled, an imperial edict had Taira-no-Kiyomori subdue him (Note: following the Heiji Monogatari), but Kiyomori, boastful of his merit, grew arrogant and finally forced the emperor to move to Fukuhara. Minamoto-no-Yoshinaka raised troops upon receiving the edict of Prince Mochihito and entered the capital, and the Taira clan fled to the western provinces. Yoshinaka's violence grew by the day; at that time Minamoto-no-Yoritomo rose at Kamakura and sent his younger brothers Noriyori and Yoshitsune to attack Yoshinaka, and then to destroy the Taira. Yoritomo ordered Hōjō Tokimasa to govern the capital region and also to guard the palace, and afterward sent his generals and officers in turn to hold that post (Note: following the Gyokuyō, the Azuma Kagami and the Genpei Seisuiki). After the Jōkyū Disturbance, Hōjō Yasutoki and Tokifusa both served as Tandai, established an office at Rokuhara to protect the imperial house, and also took charge of military affairs in the capital region and the western provinces (Note: following the Azuma Kagami and the Taiheiki). At the Kenmu Restoration, the Great Imperial Palace was built, offices were established, and everything was restored to the old forms (Note: following the Taiheiki, the Kenmu-ki and the Baishōron). When Ashikaga Takauji rebelled, Emperor Go-Daigo made an imperial progress to Mount Hiei and soon returned to the Kazan-in, but then went out to Yoshino. Loyal men of east and west who burned with hatred of the enemy on behalf of the emperor repeatedly sought to recover the capital, and the imperial forces attacked the capital some five times, but none of the attempts succeeded (Note: following the Taiheiki, the Kōnendai-ki and the postscript to the Genkō Nikki). Before this, Takauji had enthroned an emperor of the Northern Court in the capital, seized control of the state's mandates at will, and set himself against Yoshino. From then on the Kinai was thrown into turmoil and could no longer be brought under control (Note: following the Taiheiki, the Jinnō Shōtōki and the Zoku Jinnō Shōtōki).

¶Yamashiro Province is a superior province (Note: following the Engishiki). In ancient times it was written "Yamashiro" with the characters meaning "behind the mountains" (Note: following the Nihon Shoki; also written with a different character for "shiro"). It was so named because it lies north of Yamato (Note: following the Shojin-ki and the Yamashiro-shi). Descendants of Amatsuhikone-no-Mikoto lived here generation after generation (Note: following the Kojiki), and the Great Ancestor's appointment of Atane-no-Mikoto as Kuni-no-Miyatsuko was to one of their descendants (Note: following the Kuji Hongi). Originally there were the lands of Ochi-no-Kuni, Kadono, Okada, Uchi, Konokuni, Ōkuni, Kurikuma, Tsutsuki, Kakeki, Kamo, Karihata and Hafuri-no-Sono, all belonging to this province (Note: following the Nihon Shoki, the Kojiki, the Yamashiro Fudoki and the Man'yōshū); these were later made districts and fixed as townships (Note: following the Engishiki and the Wamyōshō). The edict on the move of the capital in the Enryaku era said, "Mountains and rivers gird it like a collar and belt, and it forms a natural fortress. Relying on this superior terrain, a new name should be established," and on this basis the present name was adopted (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). It governs eight districts and seventy-eight townships (Note: following the Engishiki and the Wamyōshō); the provincial office was in Kadono District, but was moved to Otokuni District during the Enryaku era (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). To the east it borders Ōmi; to the south it reaches Yamato, Kawachi and Iga; to the west it adjoins Tanba and Settsu; to the north it borders Tanba. Mountains enclose it on three sides, and only the southwest is level. The lower waters of Lake Biwa flow from Ōmi to become the Uji River, which joins the three waters of Kamo, Kadono and Izumi to become the Yodo River, and passes through Kawachi and Settsu to the sea. The scenery is beautiful, the soil fertile and the water sweet, and places of fame are especially numerous (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi, the Sanshū Meiseki-shi and the maps of Yamashiro Province). In the Bunji era, when Minamoto-no-Yoritomo destroyed the Taira, the Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa commanded Minamoto-no-Yoshitsune to remain in Kyoto and guard the palace. Yoritomo disliked this and led troops westward. Yoshitsune fled, and Yoritomo therefore petitioned for the establishment of the Kyoto Shugo to govern the Kinki region (Note: following the Azuma Kagami). After the Jōkyū Disturbance, the Hōjō clan, though mere subordinate vassals, held the reins of government, established an office at Rokuhara, and controlled administration and punishment in the capital region, the San'indō, the San'yōdō and the Nankaidō (Note: following the Azuma Kagami and the Taiheiki). In the Genkō era the regulations of state were renewed and all institutions were restored to their old form, but soon Ashikaga Takauji rebelled and Emperor Go-Daigo went out to the Southern Mountains (Yoshino). Takauji then set up an emperor of the Northern Court, established his base at Muromachi, and set himself against the imperial army. The seven circuits seethed in disorder, the Kinai was ruined by strife, and there was scarcely a year of peace (Note: following the Hōryaku Kanki and the Taiheiki).

¶Otokuni District is a middle district (Note: following the Ryō no Gige and the Wamyōshō). In ancient times it belonged to Kadono and was called "Ochi-no-Kuni." It is said that the name arose because, in the reign of Emperor Suinin, Takenohime of Tanba fell from her palanquin and died on the way back to her home. Later it was called "Otokuni" (written with the characters "younger brother" and "country"), and Emperor Keitai moved his capital here (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). In the Wadō era the name was changed to the present characters (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi and the Engishiki; the readings of the old and new forms of "Otokuni" correspond). To the east it adjoins Kii District; to the south it reaches Tsuzuki District and Shimakami District of Settsu; to the west it borders Kuwata District of Tanba; to the north it adjoins Kadono District. It holds nine townships (Note: following the Wamyōshō).

¶Yamazaki Township had the Yamazaki Post Station (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi and the Engishiki; the Ryōunshū calls it the "Kayō Post Station," saying it was so named because it stood north of the Yodo River). There were the Yamazaki Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Yamazaki Bridge (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku and the Fusō Ryakki); this place lay on the border with Kawachi and Settsu and was an important river crossing leading to the San'yōdō, the Nankaidō and the Saikaidō (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku, the Honchō Monzui and the Chōya Gunsai). In the fourth year of Kōnin (813), when Emperor Saga hunted at Katano, he used this station building as his temporary residence and called it the Kayō Palace (Kaya-no-Miya, also the Yamazaki Detached Palace), and visited it often thereafter (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi). In the third year of Jōgan (861), the provincial governor petitioned, "The imperial visits to the Kayō Detached Palace have long ceased. We wish to use it as the office of the provincial governor, while keeping the name of the palace and also reserving it as a traveling lodging," and this was granted (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). There is Mount Yamazaki, where Emperor Go-Toba once hunted (Note: following the Meigetsuki). The Goi River flows out of it (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi). There was the Sōō-ji (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku), and the tomb of Prince Kazurahara lies in Enmyōji village (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi. Note also: the extent of the old townships cannot be determined in detail, and the attribution of mountains, rivers, towns and villages is hard to verify; so for now the directions are estimated from maps and placed under the respective townships. Likewise, the place names listed in the Jinmyōchō and the Shoryōshiki of the Engishiki were not necessarily free of alteration or relocation, but as there are no other books to consult, the old sites are established by their present locations. The same applies below). Tomooka (today's Tomooka village) has soil suited to producing small bamboo (shino) (Note: following the Kagura-uta Fu and the Makura no Sōshi); there is Kizuchiyama (in Okukaiin-ji village) (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku), and the Kitsune River (today's Koizumi River) flows out of it (Note: following the Fuboku-shū and the Yamashiro-shi). There was the Kaiin-ji (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku), and in the Hōan era there was the Tomisaka Estate (Note: following the Sanko-ji documents).

¶Nagaoka was not recorded in the printed edition but is supplied from the Kōzan-ji manuscript (Note: judging from the Shoku Nihongi, the Ruijū Kokushi, the Fusō Ryakki, the Yamashiro-shi and the maps, the old township's land seems to have extended from Kamisato and Terado in the north to the villages of Kōtari and Kaiden in the south). At the beginning of Enryaku (782), the capital was moved here (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). There was Nagaokano, which was designated a forbidden hunting ground in the Tenchō era (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku), as well as the Nagaoka Garden (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Nagaoka Tomb (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). There was the Nagaoka mansion of Ono-no-Iwako, Naishi-no-suke (court lady, its site in Kamisato village), which the emperor visited during the Kōnin era (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi). It was later called the Nagaoka Estate (Note: following the Sanko-ji documents), and there were the Terado Estate and the village of Kaide (today the two villages of Terado and Kaide) (Note: following the Konjaku Monogatari and the Sanko-ji documents). There was the Shima-in (Island Residence; its old site is in Shirai village), where a winding-stream banquet was held at the beginning of Enryaku (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). There were the Otokuni Shrine and the Otokuni Garden (Note: following the Engishiki), and the Otokuni-dera (in Imazato village) (Note: following the Shōryōshū); this is the site of the old Otokuni, where Emperor Keitai had his capital (Note: following the Nihon Shoki).

¶Nagai is now of unknown location, but in the Jōkyū era there was the Nagai Estate (Note: following the Sanko-ji documents).

¶Ōe (today's Kutsukake village, northwest of the district) has the Ōe Tomb and the Later Ōe Tomb (Note: following the Engishiki and the Ruijū Fusenshō), and the Ōe clan took this as its home place (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku). There was the Ōe Post Station (Note: following the Engishiki; this book attaches it to Tanba Province, but today's Oi-no-Saka corresponds to it), which led to Tanba and was called the Ōe Road (Note: following the Man'yōshū and the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the Chōkan era the township name still survived (Note: following the Sanko-ji documents). At Ōharano (today's Ōharano village), Emperor Kanmu hunted often (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi); it was designated a forbidden hunting ground in the Tenchō era, and in the Ninna era became a hunting place of the Retired Emperor Yōzei (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). There was the Ōharano Shrine (Note: following the Nijūnisha Chūshiki and the Shosha Kongenki).

¶Mozume (today's Mozume village, north of the district) was the residence of the Mozume clan, a branch of the Hata clan (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku), and was later called the Mozume Estate (Note: following the Ninna-ji Shodō Ki).

¶Kunise (also written with different characters; today's two villages of Kami-Kuze and Shimo-Kuze) is said to have been the residence of the Kunise no Shishihito (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku), and in the Bun'ei era there was the Kuze Estate (Note: following the Tō-ji documents and the Sanko-ji documents).

¶Enomoto is now of unknown location. The Yamashiro-shi gives Sakamoto village, and as the Shinsen Shōjiroku lists a Sakamoto-no-Asomi among the imperial-descent clans of the Left Capital, the character for "enoki" may be an error for the character for "saka."

¶Hatsukashi (today's villages such as Furukawa and Shimizu, southeast of Kunise) has the Hatsukashi Shrine and the Hatsukashi Garden (Note: following the Engishiki). At Akahi-no-Saki (today's Akai village), Emperor Kanmu viewed a flood. The Retired Emperor Uda stopped at the Akahi Stable during a hunt (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku); in the Kōan era there was the Akahi Estate (Note: following the catalogue of the Go-Uda-in's domains), and in the Shōan era the Hishikawa Estate (today's Hishikawa village; Note: following the Tō-ji documents). There were the Yodo Shrine and the Yodo-no-Tsu (Yodo Port, where government ships were kept) (Note: following the Engishiki and the Yamashiro-shi), the Kuga Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki) and the village of Koga (today's two villages of Kami-Koga and Shimo-Koga; Note: following the Harusame-shō). In the Shōji era it was called the Koga Estate (Note: following the Meigetsuki and the catalogue of the Go-Uda-in's domains), and the Retired Emperor Shirakawa made an imperial visit to the Koga water pavilion of Minamoto-no-Masasada (Note: following the Chūyūki). At the Kawara-dera (its ruins are in Hishikawa village), in the early Daidō era (806), Prince Iyo and his mother were confined (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku).

¶Ishitsukuri (today's villages such as Haikata and Haitani, southwest of Mozume; the Kōzan-ji manuscript has a separate entry "Ishikawa," but it seems to be a duplicate error and is not adopted) was named because the Ishitsukuri-no-Muraji lived there (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku). Emperor Kanmu once hunted on the Ishitsukuri Hill (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi), and there were the Ishitsukuri Shrine and the Ishitsukuri Tomb (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Ishitsukuri-dera (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). There is Mount Oshio (Note: following the Kokin Wakashū), and the area was called the Oshio Estate (today's Oshio village) (Note: following the Tōka Zuiyō, the Sanko-ji documents and the Tō-ji documents).

¶Kadono District is a superior district (Note: following the Ryō no Gige and the Wamyōshō). At first it was called Kadono. When Emperor Ōjin made an imperial progress to Chikatsu-Awaumi (Ōmi), he saw the smoke of dwellings rising thickly and said, "This is a deep interior region of the country" (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki). Emperor Kanmu likewise said, "Here the mountains and rivers are clear and beautiful, and great roads reach in all four directions," and so moved his capital here and named it Heian-kyō (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). To the east it adjoins Atago District; to the south it borders Otokuni District; to the northwest it adjoins Kuwata District of Tanba (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi and the maps). It holds twelve townships.

¶Hashi-no-Hotori (today's Karahashi village) lies beside the bridge: in the Enryaku era, when the Saigawa Bridge was built by imperial edict, it was named for being at the bridge's side (Note: following the Nihon Kōki, the maps and the Yamashiro-shi). In the Kashō era, Asahara-no-Sukune Kawao lived here (Note: following the Tō-ji documents), and it was later called the village of Karahashi (Note: following the Nisuiki. The Yamashiro-shi says Karahashi lies southwest of Karahashi village, and that in the past, when envoys from foreign countries entered the capital, they passed this place on their way to the Kōrokan, which gave it its name).

¶Ōoka (today's Oka village, south of the district) had the Ōoka-no (Ōoka Plain; Note: following the Shoku Nihongi), and the Ōoka-no-Imiki lived there (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku). The Ōoka tomb of Lady Fujiwara, consort of Emperor Kanmu, is in Goryō village (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Yamada (today's Yamada village, north of Ōoka): in the Genkō era (1321-1324) the township name still survived (Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō). There were the Matsuo Shrine, the Kadono-ni-Imasu Tsukiyomi Shrine and the Ichitani Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki), and in the reign of Emperor Kenzō there was the Uta-Arasuda (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). Arakoyama (today's Arashiyama; "Arasu," "Arako" and "Arashi" are the same in the Japanese reading; Note: following the Matsuo Chinza-ki) has many cherry trees, planted by the Retired Emperor Kameyama (Note: following the Shin Senzai Wakashū and the Yamashiro-shi). The Kadono River (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi and the Zushi), the Kadono Weir (Kadono-no-I; Note: following the Hata-shi Honkeichō quoted in the Seiji Yakuryaku, and the Ryō no Shūge) and the village of Ōi never lacked visits from successive emperors (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi). At Kameyama (Note: following the Honchō Monzui), the two Retired Emperors Go-Saga and Kameyama resided (Note: following the Hyakurenshō and the Kokon Chomonjū), and Ashikaga Takauji founded the Tenryū-ji there (Note: following the Taiheiki). The Ogurayama villa was built by Prince Kaneakira (Note: following the Go-Shūi Wakashū and the Yamashiro-shi). Sagano (east of Mount Ogura) was designated a forbidden hunting ground in the Gangyō era (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku), and there was the Saga-yama Tomb (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku). At the Saga-in the Retired Emperor Saga resided (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki), and in the Jōgan era it was donated as the Daikaku-ji. The Kankū-ji was also founded by the Retired Emperor. Emperor Seiwa once visited the Seika-kan (the characters for "Seika" and "Saga" share a sound) of Minamoto-no-Tōru, Minister of the Left (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku), which was later called the Seika-ji (Note: following the Honchō Monzui and the Kachō Yojō). There were the Saga Estate (today's two villages of Kami-Saga and Shimo-Saga; Note: following the Tō-ji documents), and Suenō, where Emperor Junna once came to hunt (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi). There were the Ōsawa Pond (Note: following the Kokin Wakashū) and the Hirosawa Pond (Note: following the Fūga Wakashū), and the Takahata tomb of Prince Nakano (northwest of Saga; Note: following the Engishiki). In the Hōki era (770-781) there was an imperial visit (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi), and the Retired Emperor Seiwa resided at the Mizuo-yama-dera (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). On Mount Atago (north of Mizuo) is the Atago Shrine, which is said to have belonged to Tanba Province in ancient times (Note: following the Engishiki and the Yamashiro-shi).

¶Kawabe is now of unknown location. In the Kashō era, Hata-no-Imiki Fuyumori lived there (Note: following the Tō-ji documents).

¶Kadono (today's villages of Kōri and Ueno together are called Kadono, east of Yamada) is where, in the time of the Great Ancestor, descendants of Kamo-Taketsunumi-no-Mikoto became the Kadono Agatanushi (Note: following the Nihon Shoki, the Kuji Hongi and the Shinsen Shōjiroku). Emperor Kanmu hunted here often (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi). There were the Umenomiya Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki), the village of Umezu (today's Umezu village; Note: following the Enkyū Hyakushu) and the Umezu Estate (Note: following the Tō-ji documents), and anciently the district office stood here (Note: following the Wamyōshō Taii).

¶Kawashima (today's Kawashima village, east of Ōoka): in the Shōtai era the Retired Emperor Uda hunted here (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku), and in the Antei era it was called the Kawashima Estate (Note: following the Tō-ji documents). The Kawashima tomb of the Masamune clan, maternal grandmother of Emperor Uda, is in Tokudai-ji village (Note: following the Engishiki). The village of Katsura (today's Katsura village) is said to have been so named because, in the remote past, when Tsukiyomi-no-Mikoto descended to Ashihara-no-Nakatsukuni and visited Ukemochi-no-Kami, he stood leaning against a katsura tree (Note: following the Yamashiro Fudoki). In the Kōan era it was called the Katsura Estate (Note: following the catalogue of the Go-Uda-in's domains).

¶Kanbayashi (today's villages such as Ryōan-ji and Kitano, east of the district) was the residence of the Hayashi-no-Sukune, a branch of the Ōtomo clan (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku), and there was the Tomo-uji Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki). In the Jōwa era one chō of land in this township was granted to the Tomo-no-Sukune as a place to worship their clan deity; this is that place (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). There were the Kitano Shrine (Note: following the Kitano Engi and the Shosha Kongenki) and the Hirano Shrine, the Tokuoka Ice House (its site is on Mount Hashira-yoshi in Ryōan-ji village; Note: following the Engishiki) and Mount Kinugasa (also Kinugasa-oka, in Ryōan-ji village). There were the Tōji-in (Note: following the Taiheiki), the Rokuon-ji (popularly called the Kinkaku, the Golden Pavilion; Note: following the Nobutane-ki) and the Kamiya River (Note: following the Kokin Wakashū and the Yamashiro-shi).

¶Ichihara (today's Kami-Saga, which holds three towns and six villages, is probably this place) had the Ichiharano, where Emperor Saga once hunted (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi). In the Gangyō era three chō of land in this township were granted to the Kōfuku-ji monk Shūshin (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku. The petition of Shūshin recorded in that book says, "Ichihara township was originally within the four boundaries of the Saga-in. In the Jōgan era the Daikaku-ji was founded, and on the day the four boundaries were fixed it was returned to public land. We request a disposition," and it is said to have been granted by imperial edict. The Daikaku-ji lies in Kami-Saga, which serves as proof that this is its old site). On Mount Takao is the Jingo-ji (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi and the Jinnō Shōtōki), and on Mount Togano is the Kōzan-ji, where the monk Kōben (Myōe) first planted tea (Note: following the Amamo Kuzu and the Shucha Ron).

¶Takada (today's Takada village, east of Yamada): in the Kashō era there was a township headman named so-and-so of the Be clan (the name is missing), and in the Tenne era the township name still survived (Note: following the Tō-ji documents). There was the Kōryū-ji (Note: following the Kōryū-ji Engi), the so-called Kadono Hata-dera (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). There was the Konoshima Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Shimobayashi (today's Shimobayashi village, south of Kawashima) had the Kawakatsu-ji (its ruins are in Kawakatsu-ji village) and the Tsu-dera (Yamashiro-shi; west of the Kawakatsu-ji). In the Enryaku era, when Emperor Kanmu toured the new capital, he stopped at the Takahashi-no-Tsu mansion of Fujiwara-no-Tsugutada, Minister of the Right; this is that place (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi).

¶Watashiro is now of unknown location.

¶Tamura (today's villages such as Omuro, Nakano and Utano, west of Kanbayashi) had the Tamura Tomb and the Later Tamura Tomb (Note: following the Engishiki), the Mahara-no-Oka (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku) and Komatsubara (Note: following the Engishiki). Emperor Junna once hunted at Narabigaoka (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi), and Emperor Ninmyō often flew falcons at the Narabi-no-Ike (Twin Pond; Note: following the Gosen Wakashū and the Shoku Nihon Kōki). At the Narabigaoka-dera (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku; today called the Hōkongō-in) there is a hill that was called Goi-zuka (Fifth Rank Mound). It is said that Emperor Ninmyō climbed it and viewed its splendid scenery, and by edict bestowed on it the Junior Fifth Rank Lower, hence the name (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki and the Yamashiro-shi). On Ōuchiyama (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki and the Shika Wakashū; also called Omuroyama) stands the Ninna-ji (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki), and there were Utano (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi) and the Uta Ice House (Note: following the Shin Gosen Wakashū). There were the Uhara-dera (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku and the Engishiki) and the Uhara Ice House (both in Hiraoka village; Note: following the Chōya Gunsai), and from the village of Narutaki (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki) the Narutaki River flowed out (Note: following the Sankashū; today's Narutaki village, formerly called the Komatsu Estate).

¶Otagi District is a middle district (Note: following the Ryō no Gige and the Wamyōshō). It was probably anciently the land of Kuga (Note: following the Yamashiro Fudoki Taii). Later it became a district and its name was changed to the present one (Note: following the Engishiki). To the east it reaches Uji District and Shiga District of Ōmi; to the south it joins Kii District; to the west it adjoins Kadono District; to the north it borders Kuwata District of Tanba and Takashima District of Ōmi (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi). It holds eleven townships (Note: following the Wamyōshō).

¶Tadekura (one book has "Tanaka village of Tadekura township," and today's Tanaka village, northeast of the capital, is said to be its remnant) still had its township name in the Kannin era (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō and the Kamo Chūshin Zakki). It was later called the Tadekura Estate (Note: following the documents of the fourth year of Eikyō and the Karaku Ōko Zu), and there were the Kamo-Mioya Shrine and the Mitsui Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki and the Shaku Nihongi), the Hōun-ji (also called the Tadekura Yakushidō; Note: following the Satsukai-ki) and the Shirakawa River (Note: following the Kokin Wakashū).

¶Kurino (today's Kurusuno, northwest of Tadekura) had the Kurusuno, where Emperor Kanmu hunted (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi). It was designated a forbidden hunting ground in the Tenchō era (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku), and Emperor Ninmyō visited the Watagoike (in Nishi-Kamo village, called Ikeda) to release falcons (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). There were the Kurusuno Ice House (today's Himuro village, north of Takagamine; Note: following the Engishiki) and the Kōshin-ji (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku), and the Kamiya River flowed out of it (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi).

¶Awata (the printed edition makes two townships, Kami-Awata and Shimo-Awata, but this is a later usage and not the old system; it is corrected following the Kōzan-ji manuscript. However, the "upper" and "lower" in this book's notes mean that the township had two settlements, Kami-Awata and Shimo-Awata, as in the later case of Izumo township. Today the villages of Awataguchi, Kita-Shirakawa and others fall within its area) was the residence of the Awata clan (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku). It was later called the Awata Estate (Note: following the documents of the Eikyō era), and at the Awata-in (the former residence of Fujiwara-no-Mototsune) the Retired Emperor Seiwa resided in the Gangyō era and then donated it as the Enkaku-ji (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). The Awata mansion was the villa of Fujiwara-no-Arihira (Note: following the Shūgaishō), and at the Shirakawa Tomb lay the grave of a woman of the Minamoto clan, maternal grandmother of Emperor Seiwa (Note: following the Engishiki). The Shirakawa-in was the villa of Fujiwara-no-Yoshifusa (Note: following the Renchūshō and the Kokon Eiga-shō), and Emperor Shirakawa built the Hōshō-ji there and made it a detached palace (Note: following the Hyakurenshō, the Renchūshō and the Ōnin-ki). The Nanzen-ji (east of the Hōshō-ji) was a detached palace of the Retired Emperor Kameyama but was later donated as a temple (Note: following the Nanzen-ji Ki), and the Zenrin-ji (north of the Nanzen-ji; Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku and the Yamashiro-shi) was likewise a detached palace of the Retired Emperor Kameyama (Note: following the Nanzen-ji Ki). Emperor Kanmu once hunted on Kōrakuoka (also written Kagurao-ka; Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi), and there was the Yoshida Shrine (Note: following the Nijūnisha Chūshiki). On the summit of Mount Awata (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku and the Sandai Jitsuroku) is the Shōgun Mound; in the Enryaku era, by imperial command, an image in armor bearing bow and arrows was buried there to protect the imperial capital (Note: following the Tamura Denki).

¶Ōno (today's Ōmiya village, south of Kurino): in the Kannin era this township was assigned to the Kamo festival rice fields (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō and the Kamo Chūshin Zakki). At Murasakino, Emperor Kanmu hunted (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi), and the Daitoku-ji was founded by Emperor Hanazono (Note: following the Daitoku-ji documents). At Funaoka, prayers for fair weather were held in the Jōgan era (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). The Unrin-in (also called the Murasakino-in) was a detached palace of Emperor Junna (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi and the Kakai-shō), and Emperor Ninmyō also resided there (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). It was later granted to Prince Tsuneyasu and in due course became a Buddhist temple (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). The tomb of Ono-no-Takamura lay south of the Unrin-in (Note: following the Kakai-shō and the Yamashiro-shi).

¶Ono (the Ono Shrine stands in today's Takano village, which is the place) was the long-time residence of the Ono-no-Ason (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku; the tomb of Ono-no-Emishi is in Takano village), and there were the Ono Shrine and the Ono Ice House (Note: following the Engishiki; the Chōya Gunsai gives the Matsuzaki Ice House, and there is today a Matsuzaki village) and Mikageyama (Note: following the Shōyūki; this book has "Ōhara Mikageyama of Ono township," and it is also called Miareyama). Mount Hiei spans Ōmi (Note: following the Kojiki, the Eigaku Yōki and the maps), and its western foot is called Onoyama (Note: following the Shōyūki and the Yamashiro-shi). The Otowa River flowed out of it (Note: following the Shūi Wakashū and the Yakumo Mishō). There was the Ono villa of Minabuchi-no-Toshina (the Sekizan Shrine stands in today's Shūgakuin village, on its site) (Note: following the Kokon Chomonjū and the Yamashiro-shi), and there were the village of Yase (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō and the Shōyūki) and the village of Ōhara (Note: following the Shūi Gusō and the Yamashiro-shi; the Kakai-shō has "Ōhara village of Ono township," and today's Ōhara Estate comprises eight settlements). There was the Onoyama villa of Prince Koretaka (its site is in Ueno village) (Note: following the Kokin Wakashū), and at Ebumiyama (Ide village) and the Matsuzaki River (Note: following the Genkō Shakusho) a purification rite was performed in the first year of Kōnin (810) (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi). There were the village of Isami and Yashio-no-Oka (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku, the Yamashiro-shi and the Shin Chokusenshū).

¶Nishigori (the Ruijū Sandai Kyaku records the people of this township saying, "The paddy fields and dry fields east and west of the Kamo River embankment are our allotted fields, as the registers make clear," and the Heihanki has "Yoshida village of Nishigori township." From this, the area from Yoshida village westward to the capital was the old township's land) was the residence of the Nishigori-no-Obito (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku). In the Kannin era the township was assigned to the festival fields of the Kamo Shrine (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō), and in the Kenchō era the Retired Emperor Go-Saga visited the Yoshida Izumidono (Note: following the Hyakurenshō).

¶Yasaka (today's Yasaka-chō) was the residence of the Yasaka-no-Miyatsuko (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku), and there was the Yasaka tomb of a woman of the Fujiwara clan, maternal grandmother of Emperor Kōkō (Note: following the Shosha Kongenki). There were the Yasaka-dera (also called the Hōkan-ji; Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki and the Shūgaishō) and the Kiyomizu-dera (southeast of Yasaka; Note: following the Hyakurenshō and the Tōhōki).

¶Toribe (the vicinity of today's Shin-Kumano village) has Mount Toribe (its summit is called Amida-ga-mine), and there were the Toribe-dera, the Toribeno (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki and the Yamashiro-shi) and the Toribeno Tomb (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). There were the Toribeno tombs of the two Princes Tsuneyo and Sanehito (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki) and the Hayashi tomb of Fujiwara-no-Fusatsugu (Note: following the Engishiki and the Yamashiro-shi). There were the Seikan-ji (Seikan-ji village; Note: following the Hyakurenshō and the Shūgaishō) and the Sennyū-ji (Sennyū-ji village; Note: following the Genkō Shakusho and the Satsukai-ki); the hill behind it is called Tsukinowayama, and many of the mausolea of successive emperors from Emperor Shijō onward are here (Note: following the Zen'ō Byōryō-ki, the Sanryō-shi and the Yamashiro-shi). The Hōjū-ji was built by the Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa (Note: following the Sankaiki).

¶Otagi (today the Otagi-dera west of Yasaka preserves the name) anciently had the district office here (Note: following the Wamyōshō Taii). In the Enryaku era it was designated a burial ground for the ministers (Note: following the Enryaku Sento-ki quoted in the Kakai-shō), and there were the Otagi-dera (also called the Chinnō-ji; Note: following the Kakai-shō and the Iroha Jirui-shō), the Kennin-ji (Note: following the Hyakurenshō) and the Rokuharamitsu-ji (Note: following the Ōjō-ki quoted in the Honchō Monzui and the Fusō Ryakki). The Taira clan lived for generations at the Rokuhara mansion (Note: following the Sankaiki, the Azuma Kagami and the Hyakurenshō), and Minamoto-no-Yoritomo also built a residence there. After the Jōkyū Disturbance, the Hōjō clan established two offices here, called the North and South Rokuhara (Note: following the Azuma Kagami, the Hyakurenshō and the Taiheiki).

¶Izumo (the original note says "there are upper and lower"; the Shōsōin documents of the Tōdai-ji say the township had the villages of Unjō and Unge, hence this statement. Today the ruins of the Izumo-ji west of Kamo preserve the name) was the residence of the Izumo-no-Omi in the Jinki era (Note: following the Shōsōin documents of the Tōdai-ji). There were the Izumo-i-no-Be Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Izumo-ji (Note: following the Chishō Nenpu).

¶Kamo (today's two villages of Kami-Kamo and Nishi-Kamo, east of Kurino): in remote antiquity, Kamo-Taketsunumi-no-Mikoto went up the Yamashiro River from Kamo in Okada, looked toward the Kamo River and said, "How clear the water and stones are!", named it Ishikawa-no-Semi-no-Ogawa, and finally settled in the northern hills of Kuga; this is that place (Note: following the Yamashiro Fudoki). In the time of the Great Ancestor, his descendants became the Kadono Kamo Agatanushi, and the descendants took this as their clan name (Note: following the Kuji Hongi and the Shinsen Shōjiroku). There is the Kamo-Wakeikazuchi Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki); the Kamo River and the Takano River join here and flow south into the Yodo River (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi and the maps). At the Deinei Pond (east of Mount Kamo), Emperor Junna once netted waterfowl (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi). The foot of Mount Oshio is called the village of Seryū, where the Jakkō-in, the dwelling of Kenreimon-in, and the Ōhara Tomb are also located (Note: following the Genpei Seisuiki and the Nagato-bon Heike Monogatari). The Kifune Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki) and Mount Kifune (Note: following the Fuboku-shū) are the source of the Kifune River (Note: following the Senzai Wakashū and the Yamashiro-shi). At the Kurama-dera (Mount Kurama; Note: following the Genkō Shakusho and the Iroha Jirui-shō), Minamoto-no-Yoshitsune lodged in his childhood (Note: following the Heiji Monogatari and the Genpei Seisuiki). There were the Kuta Estate (east of Mount Kurama, five settlements; Note: following the Daigo Sanbōin documents) and the village of Shizuhara (today's Shizuhara village; Note: following the Sankashū).

¶Kii District is a middle district (Note: following the Ryō no Gige and the Wamyōshō). In ancient times it was called Kono-no-Kuni (Note: following the Yamashiro Fudoki; the characters "ko" and "ki" are interchangeable in sound and meaning, and the name was changed to "Kii" in the Wadō era). To the east it reaches Uji District; to the south it adjoins Kuse District; to the west it joins the two districts of Otokuni and Tsuzuki; to the north it borders the two districts of Otagi and Kadono (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi and the maps). It holds eight townships (Note: following the Wamyōshō).

¶Okada (today there is a place called Okada in front of the Tōfuku-ji, which is its remnant) had the Hōshō-ji (its site is in front of the Tōfuku-ji; Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku) and the Tōfuku-ji (Note: following the Genkō Shakusho and the Tōfuku-ki Nenroku). The Tsukinowa tomb of Fujiwara-no-Kanezane is at the place of his villa (Note: following the Meigetsuki and the Ruijū Daihōnin).

¶Ōzato (today's Nishinoshō village, northwest of the district; probably the site of the old township) was written with different characters in the Yōrō era, and the Mamuta-no-Muraji lived there (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Nuhi Sekichō).

¶Kii (the Montoku Jitsuroku records that envoys were sent to seven temples near the Fukakusa Tomb to perform rites for the late emperor's repose, and among them is the Kii-dera; from this it is known that this township was probably adjacent to Fukakusa) had the Kii-dera (also called the Ryūsei-ji; Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku and the Kōryū-ji Engi), and anciently the district office stood here (Note: following the Wamyōshō Taii).

¶Toba (today's two villages of Kami-Toba and Shimo-Toba, west of the district): in the Kanji era, the Retired Emperor Shirakawa built a detached palace here and called it the Toba-dono; its gates and walls extended over more than a hundred chō in each direction and were supremely splendid, and the mansions of the court nobles stood eave to eave like a new capital (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki and the Hyakurenshō). Before this, the retired emperors had all resided at the Suzaku-in, which was called the Go-in (retirement palace), but now the Toba-dono was designated the Go-in (Note: following the Jinnō Shōtōki). The Anraku-ju-in (Takeda village, also called the Jōnan-ji; Note: following the Sankaiki) was later called the Toba Estate (Note: following the Kanken-ki and the Tō-ji documents; the "Tobata" of old poems is this), and in the Genchū era there were the Takeda Estate (Note: following the Tō-ji documents) and the Misu Estate (Note: following the catalogue of the Go-Uda-in's domains, the Tō-ji documents and the Shūchūshō). At Serikawano (today's Serikawa village), Emperor Kanmu often hunted (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi); it was designated a forbidden hunting ground in the Tenchō era (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku) and was later called the Serikawa Estate (Note: following the Tō-ji documents and the Shūchūshō).

¶Ishihara (today's Ishihara village, northwest of Toba) was called the Ishihara Estate in the Kagen era (Note: following the Sanko-ji documents; its site is in Kisshōin village); there was the Sai River, and in the Kōnin era the emperor made a visit here to perform a purification rite (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku).

¶Hayashi is now of unknown location. There was the Hayashi-dera (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku), in the Jōan era the Hayashi Estate (Note: following the Tō-ji documents), and the Mahataki Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Fukakusa (today's Fukakusa village, east of Toba): in the reign of Emperor Kinmei, Hata-no-Ōtsuchi lived here, and in the reign of Empress Kōgyoku the Fukakusa Miyake (imperial granary) was established (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). There were Mount Fukakusa (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi) and Kasumidani (Note: following the Kokin Wakashū and the Yamashiro-shi), the Fukakusa Tomb and the Later Fukakusa Tomb, and the Fukakusa tomb of a woman of the Fujiwara clan, maternal grandmother of Emperor Yōzei. There was the Inari Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki), later called the Inari Estate (Note: following the Tō-ji documents of the second year of Kōshō). There was Takehayama (Note: following the Shin Chokusenshū and the Yamashiro-shi).

¶Ishii (not recorded in the Kōzan-ji manuscript; today's Ishii village, south of Fukakusa, belonging to Fushimi) was anciently called the village of Fushimi (written with different characters; Note: following the Nihon Shoki). There were the Fushimi Estate (Note: following the Bishamondō Records), Mount Fushimi (Note: following the Masukagami and the Fūga Wakashū), the Fushimi Port (Note: following the Azuma Kagami) and the Fushimi marsh (now called Ōike; Note: following the Shin Shūi Wakashū). The Retired Emperor Go-Saga visited the Fushimi Detached Palace in the seventh year of Kenchō (1255) (Note: following the Hyakurenshō, the Taiheiki and the Chinyō-ki); Kashiwabarano is where Emperor Kanmu hunted (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi), and the Kashiwabara Tomb is there (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Uji District (also written with other characters, "Uji" and "Uji") is a middle district (Note: following the Ryō no Gige and the Wamyōshō). It originally belonged to Kono-no-Kuni (Note: following the Yamashiro Fudoki Taii). To the northeast it borders Shiga District of Ōmi; to the south it adjoins Kuse District; to the west it joins the two districts of Otagi and Kii (Note: following the maps). It holds eight townships (Note: following the Wamyōshō).

¶Ōkuni is now of unknown location. In the reign of Emperor Suinin there was a man called Yamashiro-no-Ōkuni-no-Fuchi (Note: following the Kojiki; "Fuchi" is written "Fuji" in the Nihon Shoki).

¶Kami (today's Ueno village, north of the district): in the Tenpyō era, a household head of Kami township was named Uji-no-Sukune Ōkuni, and there was the village of Tsutsumida (Note: following the old documents of the Tōdai-ji and the Yamashina Koshi-zu). There were Moroha-yama (in Shinomiya village, called Yanagiyama; Note: following the Fuboku-shū and the Genpei Seisuiki), the Shinomiya River and Sode-gawara (Note: following the Fuboku-shū).

¶Okanoya (today there is Okanoya village, which together with seven nearby villages is called the Gokashō; southwest of the district) was the residence of the Okanoya-no-Kimi (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku), and was later called the Okanoya Estate (Note: following the Jie Yuikoku). Emperor Kanmu once hunted at Okanoya-no (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi), and there were the Okanoya-dō (Note: following the Yamashina Koshi-zu) and the Futago-zuka (Note: following the Taiki).

¶Amarube: today there is Amarube village (Yokogi) east of Shinomiya, belonging to Shiga District of Ōmi, and this is probably it.

¶Ono (today's Ono village, north of Okanoya) was later called the Ono Estate (Note: following the Daigo Sanbōin documents and the Genpei Seisuiki); there were the Ono tomb of Fujiwara-no-Takafuji and the Later Ono tomb of the Miyaji clan (Note: following the Engishiki). There were the Kanshū-ji (Kanshū-ji village; Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku), the Ono Tomb and the Later Yamashina Tomb (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Daigo-ji (Daigo village; Note: following the Iroha Jirui-shō and the Genkō Shakusho). In the Jōgan era there was the Kasatori Estate, which was a domain of the Daigo-ji (Note: following the Daigo-ji Zōjiki and the Sanbōin documents). Hino (today's Hino village, west of Kasatori) is a place where Emperor Kanmu hunted (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi and the maps).

¶Yamashina (according to the Yamashina Koshi-zu, it extends south to Ono township, east to the border with Ōmi, north around Kami township, and west to Otagi District) had Yamashinano, where the Middle Ancestor (Emperor Tenji) hunted (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). There was the Yamashina Tomb (Note: following the Engishiki) and Mount Kagami (north of the tomb; Note: following the Man'yōshū). In the Enryaku era there was the Yamashina Post Station (Note: following the Nihon Kōki), and later the Yamashina Garden was established (Note: following the Engishiki). The Yamashina River flows out of it (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi). The Yamashina-dera (its site is in Higashino village) was founded by Nakatomi-no-Muraji Kamako (Fujiwara-no-Kamatari) (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki and the Teiō Hennen-ki; this book has "Yamashina Suehara"), and in the Jishō era the Retired Emperor Shirakawa resided at the Yamashina Detached Palace (its site is in Ōyake village) (Note: following the Hyakurenshō). It was later called the Yamashina Estate (Note: following the Sanbōin documents), and there were the village of Otowa (today's Otowa village; Note: following the Yamashina Koshi-zu), Mount Otowa (Note: following the Kokin Wakashū) and the Otowa Falls (Note: following the Fuboku-shū). In the Shōhei era it was called the Otowa Estate (Note: following the Sanbōin documents). There was the Gangyō-ji (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku), and the tomb of Sakanoue-no-Tamuramaro is there (Note: following the Tamura Denki).

¶Oguri (today's two villages of Minami-Ogurusu and Kita-Ogurusu, southwest of Ono) was later called the village of Kurusu (Note: following the Yamashina Koshi-zu), and there was the village of Kowata (Note: following the Kojiki; the Seiji Yakuryaku has "Kowata village of Ogurusu township"). When Emperor Ōjin made an imperial progress to Chikatsu-Awaumi, on the way he stopped at the house of Hifure, ancestor of the Wani-no-Omi, took in his daughter Miyanushiyakahime and had by her Uji-no-Wakiiratsuko (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki). There were the Kowata Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki) and Mount Kowata (the characters for "Kowata" differ but share one reading; Note: following the Man'yōshū). The Jōmyō-ji (also called the Kowata-dera) was built by Fujiwara-no-Michinaga (Note: following the Seiji Yakuryaku, the Michinaga-kō Ki and the Shōyūki), and many Fujiwara who became empresses or ministers were buried here, and it was called the Uji Mausolea (Note: following the Engishiki and the Seiji Yakuryaku). Kowatano was designated a forbidden hunting ground in the Tenchō era (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku); there was the Kohata tomb of Prince Iyo (in Rokujizō village, Kii District; Note: following the Engishiki), and it was later called the Kowata Estate (Note: following the Genpei Seisuiki). In the Chōwa era there was the Ishida Estate (today's Ishida village), a domain of the Daigo-ji (Note: following the Daigo-ji Zōjiki).

¶Uji (today's Uji-machi, five settlements, southeast of Okanoya) was originally called Kono-no-Kuni, and the name was changed to the present one because Uji-no-Wakiiratsuko built the Kirihara Hige-ta Palace and lived there (Note: following the Yamashiro Fudoki). When Takeshiuchi-no-Sukune attacked Prince Oshikuma, he stationed troops here (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). There were the Uji Shrine and the Uji-Ochikata Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki), Imaki-no-Mine (Note: following the Man'yōshū) and Asahiyama (Note: following the Shin Kokin Wakashū). In the mountains is the Uji tomb (Note: following the Engishiki), where Uji-no-Wakiiratsuko was buried (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). There were Makio-yama (Note: following the Shoku Go-Shūi Wakashū), Mimurotoyama (today's Mimuro village, also called Myōjōzan) and Agonihara (probably Kagerōno in today's Mimuro village; Note: following the Man'yōshū). The Uji River rises in Lake Biwa and flows west to join the Yodo River (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi and the maps); it produces hio (young ayu), and the Ajiro-no-Tsukasa (fish-weir office) was established to have them presented as tribute (Note: following the Engishiki and the Jichū Gunyō). In the Kōan era the monk Eison erected a stone pagoda and had the official order on the fish weirs engraved on it (Note: following the Teiō Hennen-ki; the pagoda stands south of the Uji Bridge). There were the Uji Port (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Uji Bridge (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). In the Karoku era it was called the Uji Estate (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Yōroku), and anciently the district office was here (Note: following the Wamyōshō Taii).

¶Kuse District (also written with other characters, "Kuse" and "Kuse") is a superior district (Note: following the Ryō no Gige and the Wamyōshō). To the east it reaches Uji District; to the southwest it adjoins Tsuzuki District; to the north it borders Kii District (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi and the maps). It holds twelve townships (Note: following the Wamyōshō).

¶Takabuchi (the Takabuchi Shrine is in Zenjō-ji village, Tsuzuki District, adjoining this district; it is probably the remnant of the name).

¶Nami is not recorded in the Kōzan-ji manuscript, and its location is unknown.

¶Nara (today's Kami-Nara village and Shimo-Nara village, belonging to Tsuzuki District and adjoining this district): in the reign of Emperor Kinmei, naturalized Koguryŏ people were settled here (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). There were the Nara Garden (Note: following the Engishiki) and Narano, which was designated a forbidden hunting ground in the Tenchō era (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). On Otokoyama (Note: following the Chōya Gunsai; the Ruijū Kokushi has "Otokoyama of Katano in Kawachi, also called Yawatayama, or Hatomine, or Iwashimizu") stand the Hachiman Shrine (Note: following the Ruijū Sandai Kyaku) and the Gokoku-ji (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku), and there was the Hōjō River (Note: following the Iwashimizu Gokō-ki).

¶Minushi (today's Minushi village, belonging to Tsuzuki District and adjoining the southwestern border of this district) was the residence of the Minushi clan, and among its members was a man called Emuro-no-Muraji Komaro, whose house Prince Umayado (Shōtoku Taishi) once visited (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku). There was the Minushi Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Naki (today in Iseda village there is the Naki River, which preserves the name) was the residence of the Nagi-no-Suguri and the Nagi-no-Kisai-no-Muraji (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku). There were the Nagi Garden (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Naki River (Note: following the Man'yōshū).

¶Uji (not recorded in the Kōzan-ji manuscript; today there is Uji-machi, facing the Uji-machi of Uji District across the river) was probably the residence of the Uji-no-Sukune and the Uji-no-Yamamori-no-Muraji (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku). When Prince Oshikuma rebelled, he stationed troops here (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). The Uji-in was a villa of Minamoto-no-Tōru, which passed to Fujiwara-no-Yorimichi and was donated as a temple called the Byōdō-in (Note: following the Daigo Zassho and the Kachō Yojō). At the Uji River, during the Juei campaign, Minamoto-no-Yoshitsune advanced his army here (Note: following the Genpei Seisuiki). Tachibana-no-Kojima-no-Saki (Note: following the Kokin Wakashū, the Akihira Ōrai and the Heike Monogatari) is where Sasaki Takatsuna and others crossed on horseback (Note: following the Heike Monogatari). The Fuke villa of Fujiwara-no-Tadafumi (Note: following the Gōdanshō and the Shūgaishō) was also lived in by the Regent Tadazane (Note: following the Imakagami), and in the third year of Eikyū (1115) the Retired Emperor Shirakawa made a visit (Note: following the Hyakurenshō and the Imakagami). There were the Ogura Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Ogura Inlet (west of Ogura village, called Ōike), where the Uji River gathers (Note: following the Man'yōshū, the Yamashiro-shi and the maps). There were Makishima (Note: following the Azuma Kagami and the Kin'yō Wakashū) and Ebisujima (Note: following the Fuboku-shū).

¶Eguri is now of unknown location. The Eguri-no-Muraji lived there (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku).

¶Kurikuma (the Kōzan-ji manuscript has a different character for "kuma"; today in Ōkubo village there is the Kurikuma Shrine, which preserves the name) was anciently called Kurikuma-no-Agata (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). At Kurikumano, the two emperors Kanmu and Saga often hunted (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi and the Nihon Kōki), and it was designated a forbidden hunting ground in the Tenchō era (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). On Mount Kurikuma (later Kurisuyama, also written Kurikomori), Emperor Ninmyō hunted (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki), and there was the Kurikuma Tenjin shrine (Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō). The Kurikuma Canal (its site is in Naga-ike-machi) was dug in the reign of Emperor Nintoku to make fields and dredged again in the reign of Empress Suiko (Note: following the Nihon Shoki).

¶Tomino (today's Tomino village, south of the district).

¶Hayashi (today's Hayashi village, in the center of the district).

¶Kuse (today's Kuse village, southeast of Hayashi) had the Kuse-no-Sagisaka (also Mount Sagisaka; Note: following the Man'yōshū). In the Kōan era it was called the Kuse Estate (Note: following the catalogue of the Go-Uda-in's domains and the Tōka Zuiyō), and there were the Kuse River (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi) and Ozasa-no-Mine (Note: following the Horikawa Hyakushu and the Mojio-gusa). Anciently the district magistrate conducted administration here (Note: following the Wamyōshō Taii).

¶Namikuri (the printed edition has a different character, which is an error; not recorded in the Kōzan-ji manuscript. The Tō-ji documents of the Tenpyō era have "Namikuri township," and the Engishiki has "Namikuri Shrine"; the two characters for "nami" share the same reading) was the residence of the Namikuri-no-Omi (Note: following the Tō-ji documents). There were the Namikuri Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Sayamae Mikuriya (Note: following the Ruijū Zōyōshō), later called the Sayama Estate (Note: following the Taishi-den Gyokurin-shō and the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō; today's Sayama Estate comprises eleven villages). There were the Mizu Pasture (Note: following the Shūchūshō, the Shūgyokushū and the Mojio-gusa; today's Mimaki village) and the Mizu Stable (Note: following the Engishiki); at Mizuno (the character for "mizu" is also written with different characters; today west of Mimaki there is Mizu village, belonging to Tsuzuki District), the two emperors Kanmu and Saga often hunted (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi), and it was designated a forbidden hunting ground in the Tenchō era (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Tsuzuki District (also written with other characters, "Tsuzuki" and "Tsutsuki") is a middle district (Note: following the Ryō no Gige and the Wamyōshō). To the east it borders Kurimoto District of Ōmi; to the south it reaches Sagara District; to the west it joins Katano District of Kawachi; to the north it adjoins the two districts of Kuse and Kii (Note: following the maps). It holds ten townships (Note: following the Wamyōshō).

¶Yamamoto (today's Yamamoto village, south of the district) had the Yamamoto Post Station in the Wadō era (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). Kuhi-no-Oka (Iioka village; Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi) was anciently called Umakui-yama (Note: following the Man'yōshū), and there was the Kuioka Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki). In the Shōō era it was called the Iioka Estate (Note: following the Saidai-ji Denpata Mokuroku; the Konjaku Monogatari has a variant form of the name).

¶Taka (today's Taga village, northeast of Yamamoto) had the Taka Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Nienoike (Note: following the Kagerō Nikki and the Genpei Seisuiki; the character for "nie" is also written with a different character; today it lies southwest of Taga and is called Jizō-ike). It was later called the Ando Estate (Note: following the Daigo Sanbōin documents; this book has "Ando Estate of Taga township").

¶Tawara (today's Tawara district, fifteen settlements, east of Taka): at the time of the disturbance of Tenpyō-hōji (757), the provincial governor Kusakabe-no-Komaro set out from this place toward Ōmi. In the Jingo-keiun era (767-770) a mint was established (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). Tawarano was designated a forbidden hunting ground in the Tenchō era (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku), and there were Kōtsuhara (Note: following the Saibara Utafu) and the Kōtatsu Pond (Gōguchi village, dug in the eighth year of Tenchō, 831; Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). Concerning the Tawara chestnut grove (Fusaku village), the popular tradition is that Emperor Tenmu once planted two chestnut trees with his own hands, and that offering their nuts as tribute subsequently became customary (Note: following the Uji Shūi Monogatari and the Sankaiki). There were Sarumaru-no-Mine (Zenjō-ji village, bordering Ōmi; Note: following the Yamashiro Meishōshi) and the Tawara River (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi).

¶Nakamura: today there is Nakamura, belonging to Kuse District.

¶Shima (probably today's Najima village, west of Taka) had the Nashima Post (Nashima-no-Shuku) and Ichinobeyama (Note: following the Taiheiki and the maps).

¶Tsuzuki (today's Fugen-ji Estate, ten settlements, southwest of Shima) was the residence of Ōtsutsuki-no-Mawakaō, a grandson of Emperor Kaika (Note: following the Kojiki). Emperor Keitai moved his capital here (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). At Tsutsukihara (Note: following the Man'yōshū) and Tsutsukioka the site of the Tsutsuki Palace still survives. Empress Iwa-no-Hime, consort of Emperor Nintoku, lived here (Note: following the Nihon Shoki), and the Korean Nurinomi built a house here, which the emperor and empress visited (Note: following the Kojiki). The Suchi Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki) was later called the Suchi Nagaoka Estate (Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō), and there was the Fugen-ji River (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi). This too was an old district office site (Note: following the Wamyōshō Taii).

¶Ōsumi (today's Ōsumi village, north of Tsuzuki) was named because the Ōsumi Hayato lived there (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi and the Yasutomi-ki). In the Katei era there were the Ōsumi Estate (the character for "sumi" is also written with a different character) and the Takigi Estate (Note: following the Azuma Kagami, the Hyakurenshō and the Tōdai-ji Yōroku). Mount Kannabi (southwest of Ōsumi) produces rock crystal (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi and the maps), and at Tanakurano (Note: following the Man'yōshū) was the Tanakura-Hiko Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki). The village of Kawara (today's Kawara village) was named because, when Takehaniyasuhiko died, his defeated soldiers cast off their armor and fled (Note: following the Nihon Shoki; the word for "armor" is read "kawara"). At Matsui village (northwest of Kawara), in the Tenpyō-jingo era (765-767), Ki-no-Masume was strangled (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi).

¶Uchi (today's Uchisato village, north of Ōsumi) was anciently called the village of Uchi (Note: following the Nihon Shoki), and the Uchi-no-Omi lived there (Note: following the Kojiki; the two forms of "Uchi" correspond in sound and meaning). There was the Uchi Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki), and the village of Ōmi (Note: following the Man'yōshū).

¶Yoroitsukuri is now of unknown location. In the Reiki era (715-717) the Yamashiro Yoroitsukuribe (armor-makers' guild) lived there (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi).

¶Amarube is now of unknown location.

¶Sagara District is a lower district (Note: following the Ryō no Gige and the Wamyōshō). To the east it borders Ayabe District of Iga; to the south it joins the two districts of Soe-no-Kami and Soe-no-Shimo of Yamato; to the west it adjoins Katano District of Kawachi; to the north it reaches Tsuzuki District and Kōka District of Ōmi (Note: following the maps). It holds seven townships (Note: following the Wamyōshō).

¶Sagaraka (today's Sagara village, southwest of the district): in the reign of Emperor Suinin, Takenohime passed through here and tried to hang herself by climbing a tree, so it was called "Kakegi" (Hanging Tree) and the name was later changed to the present characters (Note: following the Kojiki; see also the Nihon Shoki; the two forms of "Kakegi" and "Sagaraka" correspond in sound and meaning). The district office was here (Note: following the Wamyōshō Taii). There were the Sagaraka Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki), Mount Sagaraka (Note: following the Man'yōshū) and the Sagaraka Temporary Palace (its site is east of Eda village, at Kagerōdaira; Note: following the Gōke Shidai). There were the Sagaraka tomb of Fujiwara-no-Momokawa and the Later Sagaraka tomb of the Fujiwara clan (both in Hanuji village, called Naga-zuka; Note: following the Engishiki), and it was later called the Sagaraka Estate (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Yōroku). There were the Yamada-dera (Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō) and Kaseyama (also written with other characters; Note: following the Man'yōshū). There were the Kaseyama tomb of Tachibana-no-Kiyotomo (Note: following the Engishiki) and the Enda-iji (both in Kaseyama village; Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi).

¶Mizu-Izumi (today's Kizu village, belonging to Mikanohara township, nine settlements) is also written with another form (Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō). The Izumi River was formerly called the Wakara River; when Hikokunibuku attacked Haniyasuhiko, they faced each other across the river and challenged one another, so it was named Idomi-gawa (Challenge River) and later corrupted to Izumi-gawa (Note: following the Nihon Shoki; today it is called the Kizu River). There was the Izumi River Ford (Note: following the Chūyūki and the Zoku Kojidan), and the Izumi-no-Muraji lived here (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku). In the Wadō era the Mikanohara Detached Palace was established (its site is between Okazaki village and Ihirao village), and Emperor Genmei and Emperor Shōmu visited often (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). It was later divided into the Izumi Estate and the Mikanohara Estate (Note: following the Tōdai-ji documents and the Tōdai-ji Yōroku). There were the Kokubun-ji (Tōnoōji village; Note: following the Shoku Nihongi) and the Kaijūsen-ji (Bussei-ji village, named Izumisan; Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō). At Mount Futagi and Futagino (Ihirao village; Note: following the Man'yōshū), the Futagi-no-Miyatsuko lived (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku). There were Mount Wazuka (Note: following the Man'yōshū), the Wazuka Soma (Soma-yama village; Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō) and the Wazuka River (also called the Futagi River; Note: following the Yamashiro-shi), and it was later called the Wazuka Estate (Note: following the Kitano Shrine documents; it comprises fifteen settlements). There was Mount Jūbu (bordering Tsuzuki District; Note: following the Masukagami and the Taiheiki).

¶Kamo (today's Kamo district, six villages): in remote antiquity, Kamo-Taketsunumi-no-Mikoto moved from Mount Katsuragi in Yamato to here and lived at Kamo in Okada; this is that place (Note: following the Yamashiro Fudoki). Okada was later divided into Kamo township and Kuni township (Note: following the Yamashiro Fudoki, the Shoku Nihongi and the Engishiki). In the Wadō era there was the Okada Detached Palace, where Empress Genmei visited, and there was the Okada Post Station (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). There was Mount Okada, where in the Jōgan era a copper-collecting commissioner was established to cast coins (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku; today's Zenji village). There was the Okada Kamo Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki), later called the Kamo Estate (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki and the Tōdai-ji Yōroku). There was the Okada Kuni Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki), which is the Kuni township (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi, the Engishiki and the Yamashiro-shi). Emperor Shōmu built a new palace and in the thirteenth year of Tenpyō (741) received the New Year court congratulations here and named it Ōyamato-no-Kuni Palace (Note: "Ōyamato" is simply Yamato, and it is prefixed because it is a general name for the whole country; "Kuni" is written with other characters in the Man'yōshū, and it is also called the Futagi Palace. The site spans the townships of Kamo, Mikanohara, Kizu and Kami-Koma; east of the Kaseyama west road was the Left Capital and west of it the Right Capital. Great avenues were opened and a great bridge built, and it is said to have linked northeast to Kōka District of Ōmi). In the eighteenth year of Tenpyō (746) the palace was abolished and its Daigokuden was donated to the Kokubun-ji (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). The Kuni township was also abolished (Note: following the Wamyōshō). In the Kanpyō era there was the Kasagi township (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō), later called the Kasagi Estate (Note: following the Nobutane-ki; "Kasagi" in its two forms is read the same in Japan). In the Engi era there was the Kasagi Garden (Note: following the Engishiki; today at the foot of Mount Jūbu there is Sono village) and the Kasagi-dera (Note: following the Konjaku Monogatari). Emperor Go-Daigo once took refuge here from the rebels, and there were Mount Kasagi (Note: following the Taiheiki) and the Kasagi River (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi). There were the Ōkawara Shrine and the Ichi Shrine (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Ōkoma (today's Kami-Koma village, also called Ōkoma) was the residence of the Ōkoma-no-Miyatsuko (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Shinsen Shōjiroku). In the reign of Emperor Kinmei, Koguryŏ envoys were lodged at the Takai-no-Murotsumi, which is this place (Note: following the Nihon Shoki; its site is in Kami-Koma village). It was later called the Koma township (Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō) and also the Komano Estate (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Zoku Yōroku). There were Mount Koma (Note: following the Man'yōshū) and the Koma Ford, and the land was suited to growing melons (Note: following the Saibara Utafu). There were the Koma-dera (its site is at Hokkeno in Kami-Koma; Note: following the Nihon Ryōiki) and the Izumi Great Bridge, which the monk Gyōki built and for which he established the Senkyō-ji to manage it (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku, the Ruijū Sandai Kyaku and the Gyōki Nenpu; the Gyōki Nenpu has "Senkyō-in of Ōkoma village"). In the seventeenth year of Tenpyō (745), the imperial progress reached the Izumi Bridge of Kuni-kyō; this is that (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi).

¶Kamuhata (not recorded in the Kōzan-ji manuscript. The Tōdai-ji documents of the Enryaku era have "Kamuhata township," and today's Kabata village is this) is said to have been the residence of Kariha-Tabe, consort of Emperor Suinin (Note: following the Kojiki; the Nihon Shoki has other forms of the name, all corresponding in reading to "Kamuhata"). There were the Kanbara Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki) and Karihano (Note: following the Man'yōshū). There were the Kanmanji (also called the Kamihata-dera; Note: following the Konjaku Monogatari and the Genkō Shakusho; both books place it in Kuse District) and the Waki Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki). When Haniyasuhiko was defeated, his soldiers reached this place, realized they could not escape, struck their heads and cried "My lord," so it was named the village of Agi (Note: following the Nihon Shoki), which was later changed to the present characters (Note: following the Engishiki). On Mount Kōmyō (Note: following the Azuma Kagami and the Genkō Shakusho) is the tomb of Prince Mochihito (Note: following the Yamashiro-shi; southeast of Kabata, Torii settlement), and the Tamai Temporary Palace (its site is in Ishigaki village) was visited by the emperor in the twelfth year of Tenpyō (740) (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi). It was later called the Tamai Estate (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Yōroku; this book attaches it to Tsuzuki District, but in today's Tsuzuki District there is the Ide Estate), and there were the Ide township and the Ide-dera (Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō), the Ide-no-Tamagawa (Note: following the Shin Kokin Wakashū) and Ide-yama (Note: following the Fuboku-shū).

¶Hafuri-sono (not recorded in the Kōzan-ji manuscript; today's Hōso village, west of Ōkoma) was named Hafuri-sono because Hikokunibuku defeated the army of Haniyasuhiko at the Wakara River and slaughtered them to the last man (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki; "hafuri" means to slaughter, the character for "hafuri" in the name is a phonetic borrowing, and an auspicious character was chosen). There was the Hafuri-sono Shrine (Note: following the Engishiki), and it was later called the Hafuri-sono Estate (Note: following the Kitano Shrine documents, the Tō-ji documents and the Saidai-ji Denpata Mokuroku).

¶Shimo-Koma (not recorded in the Kōzan-ji manuscript; today's Shimo-Koma village, west of Hafuri-sono) was named because, in the reign of Emperor Kinmei, Koguryŏ captives were settled here (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). The Koma-hito-no clan lived here (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku), and it was later called the Shimo-Koma Estate (Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō). There was the Komano tomb of Prince Wake (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi; Shimo-Koma village), and the village of Inayama belonged here (Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō and the Taigenshō). This is the place where the Inahachima-no-Muraji lived (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi and the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō). In the Shōō era it was called the Inamatsuba Estate (Note: following the Saidai-ji Denpata Mokuroku; "Hachima" and "Matsuba" are close in reading). There was the Kurama shrine (Note: following the Kōfuku-ji Kanmuchō).