Treatise 35: Clans XII

¶The Nakatomi clan bore the surname Omi and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Komemochitsuki-no-Ōomi, a seventh-generation descendant of Ame-no-Tarashihiko-Kunioshihito-no-Mikoto, a son of Emperor Kōshō. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ On examination, the name written here with the characters "Tagane-tsuki" is probably the same in both reading and meaning as "Komemochitsuki.")

¶The Inukai-be clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Izumi. They descend from Ame-no-Tarashihiko-Kunioshihito. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Kurahashi-be clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Izumi. They descend from Kibitsuhiko-no-Mikoto, a son of Emperor Kōrei. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ According to the Shoku Nihon Kōki, in the reign of Emperor Ninmyō there was Kurahashi-be-no-Atai Ujitsugu, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower. The origin of the surname Atai is unclear, but it is appended here for the time being.)

¶The Furu clan was registered in Izumi. They descend from Wakatakeko-no-Mikoto, a son of Emperor Kōrei. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ On examination, Wakatakeko is the same as Wakatakehiko.)

¶The Kadono clan bore the surname Omi and was registered in the Left Capital. They descend from Hikofutooshinomakoto-no-Mikoto, a son of Emperor Kōgen. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Kadono-no-Omi Hiromaro, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.)

¶The Ukai-be clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Izumi. They descend from Kose-no-Oe, a son of Takeuchi-no-Sukune. In the reign of Emperor Monmu there was Ukai-be-no-Metsurame, a person of Kagami District in Mino. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. From the reign of Emperor Monmu onward, the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents are followed.)

¶The Karaama-be clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Settsu. They descend from Heguri-no-Tsuku, a son of Takeuchi. In the reign of Emperor Ninken there was Kara-no-Shirami-no-Ama Sa (name written with a rare character). (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. From the reign of Emperor Ninken onward, the Nihon Shoki is followed. ○ The words "Shirami" (fisherman) and "Amabe" (fishing group) are interchangeable in their readings.) They were probably of the same kindred.

¶The Shimotsukami clan was registered in Settsu. They descend from Koshimo, a son of Katsuragi-no-Sotsuhiko. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Ikejiri clan bore the surname Omi and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Ame-no-Hikomasu-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ On examination, this is probably Hikoimasu-no-Mikoto, a son of Emperor Kaika, and it is therefore placed in this sequence.)

¶The Ōtomo clan bore the surname Muraji and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Ame-no-Hiko-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ On examination, "Ame-no-Hiko" is probably a mistake for "Hikoimasu" or for "Ōhiko." For the time being it is placed in this sequence.)

¶The Mibu-be clan bore the surname Kimi and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Emperor Sujin. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku there was Mibu-no-Kimi Sukunahiro, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Saga there was Mibu-no-Kimi Kōri-mori, Senior District Magistrate of Kanra District in Kōzuke. (Note: following the Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Mibu-no-Kimi Ishimichi, a man of Gunma District in Kōzuke, was granted a change of surname to Ason. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) At about the same time there was the monk Ennin, a man of Tsuga District in Shimotsuke, who bore the name Mibu and traced his origin to Toyokiirihiko-no-Mikoto, a son of Emperor Sujin. (Note: following the Myōshō Ryakuden.) In the reign of Emperor En'yū there was Mibu-no-Kimi Kimitada, Provisional Junior Secretary of Wakasa. In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Mibu-no-Kimi Ujiyoshi, Junior Secretary of Chikugo. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.) There were also those who bore the surnames Sukune, Muraji, Atai and others, who were probably also descendants of Toyokiirihiko. In the reign of Emperor Kōtoku there were Mibu-no-Muraji Maro, Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Ibaraki Province, and Mibu-no-Atai Oko, Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Naka Province. (Note: following the Hitachi no Kuni Fudoki.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there were Mibube-no-Atai Mihomaro, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. ○ The character "Mi" is also written with the character for "great."), and Mibu-no-Atai Shindari, Shōryō (Junior District Magistrate) of Suruga. (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents. ○ The name of the district is missing. ○ In this same record there also appears, at about the same time, Mibu-no-Omi Utamaro, Shōgeki (Junior Recorder), who was probably also of the same kindred. This is appended for reference.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku, Mibu-no-Atai Okeanushi, a court lady (uneme) of Tsukuba District in Hitachi, was changed to the surname Muraji, was later granted Sukune, and was appointed Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Hitachi. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. ○ The character "Ko" in the name is also written with the character for "child.") In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō there was Mibu-no-Atai Hironushi, Senior District Magistrate of Ōsumi District in Sagami. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Yōzei, Mibu-no-Atai Masunari, a man of Koma District in Kai and Sakonoe-no-Shōsō (Junior Guards Officer of the Left Inner Palace Guards), changed his registered home to Atago District in Yamashiro. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Toba there was Mibu-no-Sukune Hiroshige, Provisional Junior Secretary of Sagami. In the reign of Emperor Toba there was also Mibu-no-Sukune Tameyoshi, Junior Secretary of Ise. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō. ○ The Nihon Shoki records Ikube-no-Muraji Tora, a Hyōe (Guardsman), in the reign of Empress Jitō. The Shoku Nihongi records Ikube-no-Atai Kiyotoji, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower, in the reign of Emperor Kōnin. The Nihon Kōki records Ikube-no-Muraji Hironari, a man of Hitachi, in the reign of Emperor Kanmu. "Ikube" and "Mibube" are probably the same in reading and meaning, and they may be of the same kindred. For the time being they are appended here.)

¶The Kamo-be clan was registered in Settsu. They descend from Emperor Sujin. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Sajinu clan bore the surname Kimi and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Toyokiirihiko-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Abiko clan (Note: ○ also written "Abiko" with other characters, and also "Amibiki") bore the surname Kimi and was registered in Izumi. There were also those without a surname, registered in Settsu. All descend from Yatsunada, a son of Toyokiirihiko. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Abiko-no-Kimi Shimamichi, Junior Secretary of Hamana District in Tōtōmi. (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku there was Amibiki-no-Kimi Kanamura, a filial son of Ashida District in Bingo. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Kōkō there was the court physician Abiko-no-Ujio. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku. ○ According to the Jimoku Taiseishō, in the reign of Emperor Go-Reizei there was Abiko-no-Sukune Yoshinori, Senior Clerk of Kawachi; in the reign of Emperor Toba, Abiko-no-Sukune Yoshitomo, Junior Secretary of Sanuki; and in the reign of Emperor Takakura, Abiko-no-Sukune Shigeyoshi, Junior Assistant Secretary of Ise. The origin of the surname Sukune is unclear; it is appended to await later study.)

¶The Akihara clan descends from the Abiko-no-Kimi. In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Abiko-no-Kimi Moronari, a man of Kawachi, and Abiko-no-Michinari and others were granted the surname Akihara-no-Ason. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.)

¶The Ike clan was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Arata-wake, a fourth-generation descendant of Toyokiirihiko. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Kuōbe clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Emperor Ankō. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Sakahito-no-Ogawa clan bore the surname Mahito and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Prince Usagi, a son of Emperor Keitai. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Mihara clan bore the surname Mahito and was registered in the Left Capital. They descend from Prince Hikohito-no-Ōe, a son of Emperor Bidatsu. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Naruai clan bore the surname Mahito and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Prince Naniwa, a son of Emperor Bidatsu. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Mamuta clan bore the surname Mahito and was registered in the Left Capital. They descend from Prince Ōmata, a son of Emperor Bidatsu. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ That book makes him a grandson of Emperor Bidatsu, but here the Nihon Shoki is followed.)

¶The Ikegami-no-Kurahito clan was registered in the Left Capital. They descend from Prince Kudara, a grandson of Emperor Bidatsu. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ "Grandson" is also written "son," but this is a mistake.)

¶The Yamato-no-Kawara clan bore the surname Imiki and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Hikofurune-no-Mikoto, a fifteenth-generation descendant of Takemikazuchi-no-Kami. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Yahagi clan bore the surname Muraji and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Futsunushi-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of the Deposed Emperor there were Yahagibe-no-Miyamaro, a man of Tsuru District in Kai holding a rank without office, and Yahagi-no-Matari, a man of Sōma District in Shimōsa, among others. (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Yahagibe-no-Yakeo, Senior District Magistrate of Tsuru District, and Mairyo (name uncertain), Junior District Magistrate of the same surname, were granted the surname Muraji. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku. ○ On examination, according to the Shoku Nihongi, in the reign of Empress Shōtoku Yahagi-no-Miyatsuko Karakuni was granted Sukune but soon reverted to his former surname. According to the Jimoku Taiseishō, in the reign of Emperor Go-Reizei there was Yahagi-no-Sukune Nobukiyo, Junior Assistant Secretary of Ōmi. Perhaps all were of the same kindred; for the time being they are appended here.)

¶The Kasukabe clan bore the surname Suguri and was registered in Yamashiro. They descend from Ōtamoro-no-Mikoto, a third-generation descendant of Tsuhayatama-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Kasukabe-no-Suguri Mayame, a woman of Atago District in Yamashiro. (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents. ○ The source text writes "Suguri" with its characters reversed; this is an error and is corrected here.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku there were Kasukabe-no-Suguri Ōta, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower, a man of Inaba, and his son Hitotari, Provincial Doctor of his home province. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. ○ According to the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents, in the reign of Emperor Monmu there was Harube-no-Kuromaro, a man of Harube Village in Ajimahachi District in Mino, in whose household register there is a Kasuga clan. "Kasuga" is probably the same as "Kasukabe." Again, according to the Sandai Jitsuroku, in the reign of Emperor Seiwa there was Kasukabe-no-Atai Kurosumeme, a chaste wife of Imizu District in Kazusa. However, the origins of all of these are unclear, and for the time being they are appended here.)

¶The Ōsaki clan was registered in Yamashiro. They descend from Ōtamoro-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Ōshika clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Ame-no-Koyane-no-Mikoto, a third-generation descendant of Tsuhayatama. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Bidatsu there was Ōshika-no-Obito Oguma-me, a court lady (uneme) from Ise, who was raised to the rank of consort (bunin). (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Empress Kōken, the Ōshika-no-Obito of Ise (○ the name is missing) took part in the conferral of rank. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. ○ On examination, that book records Ōshika-no-Omi Koshimushi in the reign of the Deposed Emperor, but his kindred is not known, and he is appended for the time being.) In the reign of Emperor Go-Reizei there was Ōshika-no-Takenori, Warden of the Kawawa Kanbe (Divine Households). (Note: following the Daijingū Zōjiki.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there were Ōshika-no-Yoshitada and Tomotada, messengers of the Fumidono (Archive). (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) In the reign of Emperor Go-Ichijō there was Ōshika-no-Munetoshi. (Note: following the Shōyūki.) In the reign of Emperor Go-Toba there were Ōshika-no-Toshimitsu, Ise-no-Suke (Assistant Governor of Ise), and Ōshika-no-Kunitada, Sō-Hangandai (Chief Deputy Judge of the Provincial Office). (Note: following the Azuma Kagami.) There were also those with the surname Sukune: in the reign of Emperor Shirakawa there were Ōga-no-Sukune Kunichika, Senior Secretary of Ise, and Noritoshi, Provisional Junior Secretary of the same surname. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.) Perhaps they were of the same kindred.

¶The Nakatomi-no-Kuribara clan bore the surname Muraji and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Ikazuchi-no-Ōomi, an eleventh-generation descendant of Ame-no-Koyane. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Kōnin, Kuribara-no-Suguri Koko, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper (a man of the Right Capital), stated: "Our ancestor Igatsu-no-Omi (Note: ○ "Kuri" is also written "Shiba." This is corrected here according to one text of this work and the Wamyōshō. ○ On examination, Igatsu-no-Omi is Ikazuchi-no-Ōomi) was in truth a descendant of Omisayama (Note: ○ On examination, Omisayama is Omi-Sayama), twentieth-generation descendant of Ame-no-Minakanushi-no-Mikoto, the remote ancestor of the Nakatomi. In the reign of Empress Jingū, Igatsu-no-Omi was sent as an envoy to Paekche, where he took a woman of that foreign land as wife and begot Yamato-no-Ōomi. Yamato-no-Ōomi, remembering his distant origins, returned to serve in this court. He was granted the land of Kuribara in Fuwa District in Mino and settled there. Afterwards the clan was named after the place of residence, and they were called Kuribara-no-Suguri. We humbly pray that our surname be changed and that we be granted Nakatomi-no-Kuribara-no-Muraji." This was permitted. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. ○ On examination, according to that book, before this Shibahara-no-Suguri and Kiyotari, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower, had together been granted Sukune. "Shiba" is also written "Kuri," and these too were of the same kindred.) In the reign of Emperor Kanmu there was Nakatomi-no-Kuribara-no-Muraji Toshitari, a student of literature. (Note: following the Keikokushū.)

¶The Tsushima clan bore the surname Atai and was registered in Settsu. They descend from Ikazuchi-no-Ōomi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Mimana clan bore the surname Kimi and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Ikazuchi-no-Ōomi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Mimana-no-Sukune Naoyoshi, a scholar (hakase). (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) Perhaps they were of the same kindred.

¶The Uchihara clan bore the surname Atai and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Sayama-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ On examination, Sayama is probably Omi-Sayama, and it is therefore placed in this sequence.) In the reign of the Deposed Emperor, fifty-nine persons, including Mitamame, slaves of the Kii Temple, were freed to become commoners and were granted the surname Uchihara-no-Atai. Mitamame and the others were people of Hidaka District in Kii and descendants of Uchihara-no-Atai Mura. Since the Kanoe-Tora year of Empress Jitō they had been wrongly made slaves, and at this time they were restored to their former status. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.)

¶The Hata-no-Hafuri clan was registered in Yamato. They descend from Jikata, a grandson of Takamimusubi-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Hioki-be clan was registered in Izumi. They descend from Ame-no-Kushimimi-no-Mikoto, a son of Ame-no-Kushitama-no-Mikoto. In the reign of Emperor Seiwa there was Hioki-be-no-Okoko, a chaste wife of Mika District in Tajima. In the reign of Emperor Yōzei there was Hioki-be-no-Koreo, of Junior Eighth Rank Upper, a man of Keta District in Tajima. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. From the reign of Emperor Seiwa onward, the Sandai Jitsuroku is followed.)

¶The Ōkara clan was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Tsurugine-no-Mikoto, a fourth-generation descendant of Ame-no-Oshitate-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Takumi clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Izumi. They descend from Kamimusubi-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Kusakabe clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Settsu. They descend from Hotsune-no-Mikoto, a sixth-generation descendant of Ame-no-Hiwashi-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Mononobe clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Yamashiro. They descend from Kuni-teru Nigihayahi-no-Mikoto. There were also those without a surname, registered in the Right Capital, who descend from Ikagashikio, a sixth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Kurahashi-be clan (Note: ○ also written with other characters as "Kurahashi-be") bore the surname Muraji and was registered in Settsu. They descend from Ikagashikio. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) Between the reigns of Empress Kōken and Empress Shōtoku there were Kurahashi-be-no-Toji-me, a woman of Ebara District in Musashi; Arumushi, a young adult male of the same surname in Toshima District; Otome, a woman of Tachibana District; and Kurahashi-be-no-Hirohito, a man of Mizuuchi District in Shinano. (Note: following the Man'yōshū. What follows is from the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō there was the monk Jyuon, who bore the name Kurahashi-be and was also a man of Musashi. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Go-Ichijō there was Kurahashi-no-Sukune Koreyoshi, Senior District Magistrate of Niwa District in Owari. (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) Perhaps all were of the same kindred. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The Shūgaishō records a Kurahashi-be-no-Ason, who may also have been of the same kindred.)

¶The Hiroki-tsu clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Ikagashikio. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Kinmei there was Mononobe-no-Hirokitsu-no-Obito Tachibana. (Note: following the Nakatomi Honkeichō.)

¶The Inabe clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Settsu. They descend from Kanamuraji, a sixth-generation descendant of Ikagashikio. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Ōmube clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Izumi. They descend from Ikishiniho-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ According to the Jimoku Taiseishō, in the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Ōmube-no-Muraji Morinobu, Junior Assistant Secretary of Shinano, but his kindred is unknown, and he is therefore appended here.)

¶The Shima clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Settsu. They descend from Masakatsu-akatsu-kachihaya-hi Ame-no-Oshihomimi-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Makamibe clan was registered in Izumi. They descend from Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Ega clan was registered in Yamashiro. They descend from Ame-no-Hohi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Empress Genshō there was Ega-no-Sukune Kuninari, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Saga there was the monk Zengi of Nishikibe District in Kawachi, whose original surname was Ega-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Kōki.) Perhaps all were of the same kindred.

¶The Komoazume clan bore the surname Miyatsuko and was registered in Yamato. They descend from Ame-tsuhikone-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the eleventh year of Emperor Temmu, among the Komoazume-no-Miyatsuko there were those who were granted the surname Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) Perhaps they were of the same kindred. (Note: ○ On examination, the Nihon Shoki, in the Kinmei chronicle, records Komoazumebe-no-Obito Tomi, but his kindred is not known, and he is appended here for the time being.)

¶The Ibaraki clan bore the surname Miyatsuko and was registered in Izumi. The Inukami clan bore the surname Agatanushi and was registered in Yamato. All descend from Ame-tsuhikone. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Ashida clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Yamato. They descend from Ame-no-Mahitotsu-no-Mikoto, a son of Ame-tsuhikone. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Osaka clan bore the surname Muraji and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Hoakari-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Kōtoku there was Osaka-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki. ○ The personal name is missing.)

¶The Ōshiama clan bore the surname Muraji and was registered in the Right Capital. The Yamashiro clan bore the surname Atai and was registered in Yamashiro. All descend from Hoakari. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Kawachi-no-Ayahito clan was registered in Settsu. They descend from Inai-no-Mikoto, a ninth-generation descendant of Hoakari. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Montoku, Nishi-no-Ayahito Munehito, a man of Shimomichi District in Bitchū and Assistant Professor at the university, was granted the surname Jizen-no-Sukune and entered in the registers of the Left Capital. (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku and the Sandai Jitsuroku.) Perhaps they were of the same kindred.

¶The Yama clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Settsu. They descend from Owari-no-Yanushitsukushiro-no-Mikoto, an eleventh-generation descendant of Hoakari. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Suminoe clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Settsu. They descend from Susanoo-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Nomi clan bore the surname Muraji and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto. In the reign of Emperor Genmei there was Nomi-no-Muraji Moroue. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. From the reign of Emperor Genmei onward, the old documents of the Tōdai-ji are followed.) Perhaps they were of the same kindred.

¶The Mitoshi no Hafuri clan was registered in Yamato. They descend from Ōtataneko. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Azumi clan bore the surname Muraji and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Utsushinaga-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ Utsushinaga is thought to be Utsushihikanasaku. The theory appears in the entry on the Azumi-no-Muraji of the Divine branches.)

¶The Ashida clan bore the surname Omi and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Tsuhiko-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ On examination, "Hi" is also written "Haya," but this is probably a mistake. According to the Engishiki, there is a Tsuboko Shrine in Sarara District in Kawachi. "Tsuboko" and "Tsuhiko" are interchangeable in sound and meaning, and this was probably the ancestral deity of this clan.)

¶The Niinomiya clan (Note: ○ "Ie" in the name is also written with the character for "ya") bore the surname Obito and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Umashiki-no-Sukune-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ Umashiki is thought to be a corruption of Umashimani. According to the Kuji Hongi, among the descendants of Umashimaji-no-Mikoto there was the Niinomiya-no-Muraji, who were probably also of the same kindred.)

¶The Yuki-ami clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Kamushihai-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Hakata clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Izumi. They descend from Ame-no-Omote-hi-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ In one text, the two characters for "Kamihito" appear below "Hakata-no-Obito.")

¶The Katsuragi clan bore the surname Atai and was registered in Settsu. They descend from Ame-no-Kamitate-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Ōshiumi-bito clan was registered in Izumi. They descend from Kamu-oku-no-Sukune-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Atobe clan was registered in Settsu. They descend from Monoshinowake-no-Mikoto, a fourth-generation descendant of Yamatotakeruhime-no-Mikoto. In the reign of Emperor Monmu there was Atobe-no-Kotome, a woman of Yamagata District in Mino. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. The Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents are followed for Atobe-no-Kotome.)

¶The Hara clan bore the surname Miyatsuko and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Ame-no-Mononobe-no-Kentowo-no-Miyatsuko, a follower of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Mozume clan bore the surname Muraji and was registered in the Right Capital. There were also those without a surname, registered in Yamashiro. The Kunise-no-Shishihito clan was registered in Yamashiro. All descend from Ying Zheng, lord of Qin. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The character for "shishi" is also written with the character for "ana," but this is a mistake.)

¶The Otsu clan bore the surname Atai and was registered in Yamato. They descend from Ōmizu-no-Mikoto, a fifth-generation descendant of Liu Bang, lord of Han.

¶The Suguri clan had two branches. Those enrolled in Yamato descend from King Ju, a distant descendant of Bang, lord of Han. (Note: ○ In this work there is a missing character above "Ju." For the time being the words "distant descendant" have been supplied.) Those enrolled in Yamashiro descend from Prince Kanshiken of Han. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Takayasu clan bore the surname Imiki and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Prince Achi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku there was Takayasu-no-Imiki Ikamaro. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.)

¶The Shiga-no-Anō clan bore the surname Suguri and was registered in the Left Capital. They descend from Prince Mihaya, a son of Liu Xie, lord of Han. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Ayahito clan was registered in Yamato. They descend from Ayahito-no-Kuro. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Anō clan bore the surname Suguri and was registered in Yamashiro. They descend from Duke Hōtoku of the Cao clan. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Anō-no-Suguri Maro, Shuchō (Chief Clerk) of Sakata District in Ōmi. (Note: following the old documents of the Tōdai-ji.) In the reign of Emperor Daigo there was Anō-no-Suguri Harumasa, Ryō (Ward Head) of the Seventh Avenue of the Left Capital. (Note: following the Tōji documents.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Anō-no-Suguri Michitada, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper. (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) There was also Anō-no-Fubito Oyu, who in the reign of Empress Kōken became Provisional Junior Secretary of Kōka District in Ōmi. (Note: following the Tōji documents.) There was Anō-no-Sukune Ichika, who in the reign of Emperor Ichijō became Governor of Bungo. (Note: following the Chōya Gunsai.) The kindred of all of these is unclear.

¶The Musago clan bore the surname Kimi and was registered in Settsu. They descend from Prince Seisei, a prince of Wu. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Takamuku clan bore the surname Suguri and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Prince Shōkun, a man of Wu. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Azuki clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Izumi. They descend from Gen'yō-no-Omi, a man of Wu. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Fude clan was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Wei Man, a man of Yan. Because they excelled at making brushes, they took this as their clan name. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Kudara clan was registered in the Left Capital. They descend from Prince Murikasa of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Tera clan bore the surname Kimi and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Hatara-no-Kimi, a fourth-generation descendant of Iritsuge, king of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The Shūgaishō records a Tera-no-Sukune, who was probably of the same kindred.)

¶The Hirohata clan bore the surname Kimi and was registered in Yamashiro. They descend from Prince Tsu of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Osada clan bore the surname Omi and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Prince Wikun of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Toneri clan was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Prince Rikashiki of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Ōtomo clan bore the surname Fubito and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Shirai-no-Nase of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Funako clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Kuni-kimi of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Araki clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Iirai-kimi of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Toyomura clan bore the surname Miyatsuko and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Korofusa, a Tokusotsu (Paekche officer of the fourth rank) of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Kanmu there was Toyomura-no-Ienaga. (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku.)

¶The Ki clan bore the surname Suguri (Kachi) and was registered in Yamashiro. They descend from Tsurugi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ Regarding Tsurugi, this work does not state from which country he came. The entry on Ki in the Yamashiro foreign branches says that they descend from Tsuruga, a man of Paekche. On this basis "Ki" is probably a mistake for "Ga," and for the time being the clan is listed in the Paekche section.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Ki-no-Suguri Kotamame, a woman of Atago District in Yamashiro. (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents.) In the reign of the Deposed Emperor there was Ki-no-Kachi Kata-nako. (Note: following the Hōryū-ji Ryōkun Hōbōshū.)

¶The Yamatabe clan was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Chitatake-kyō of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Katsoso clan was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Katsoso-no-Ichi of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Furu clan was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Kyū-kimi, a Kansotsu (Paekche officer of the fifth rank) of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Kara clan was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Tsuku-kimi of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Kure clan was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Kure-no-Kisoku, a Tokusotsu of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Kōtoku, Kishi-no-Nagani, of Junior Flower Lower rank, was granted the clan surname Kure. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Daigo there was the monk Ryōyū, who bore the name Kurebe and was a man of Anpachi District in Mino. (Note: following the Tendai Zasu-ki. ○ One text writes "Kure" as "Imi," but this is probably a mistake.) Perhaps they were of the same kindred. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The Iroha Jiruishō records a Kure-no-Kimi, who was perhaps also of the same kindred.)

¶The Asato clan was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Asato-no-Omi Mune-hiro of Paekche. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Ashina clan was registered in the Left Capital. They descend from Ashina-no-Mako, a man of Paekche and holder of Junior Seventh Rank Lower. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Kanashi clan bore the surname Kimi and was registered in Yamato. They descend from Prince Hōrin of Koryŏ. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Komahito clan and the Komasome-be clan were registered in Kawachi. Both descend from Prince Sumuke of Koryŏ. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ On examination, according to the Harima Fudoki, in the reign of Emperor Nintoku there was Asato-no-Kimi, a Koma-hito (Hi no kuni) of Hyūga. According to the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents, in the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Hitobe-no-Hiromaro, a Sanji of Iwata District in Tōtōmi. According to the old documents of the Tōdai-ji, at about the same time there was Ata-no-Hito Yukamochi-me, a woman of the Right Capital. "Hito" (as in Hi-bito) is read "Koma-hito," so all of these were probably of the Komahito kindred. They are appended to await later study.)

¶The Kōbu-Kō clan had two branches. One was registered in the Left Capital and descends from Kōbu-Kō Senkin, a man of Koryŏ and holder of Senior Sixth Rank Upper. The other was registered in the Right Capital and descends from Kōbu-Otsumu, a man of that country. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Kōbu-Kō Tahi, Junior Clerk of the Bureau of Court Music (Uta-ryō). (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents.)

¶The Asake clan bore the surname Fubito and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Kanpō-shi, lord of the country of Taifang in Koryŏ. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Asake-no-Fubito Oyu-bito, Junior Secretary of Dazaifu. (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents.)

¶The Kamubito clan was registered in Izumi. They descend from Kyori-tsu of Koryŏ. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Uno clan bore the surname Muraji and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Kim Chŏng-hŭng, a prince of Silla. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Chikagi clan bore the surname Obito and was registered in Izumi. They descend from Tsunori-tama of Silla. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Ōkara clan was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Prince Rōshi of Silla. There was also a Kara clan, registered in Kawachi, whose lineage is in every case the same. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Takehara clan bore the surname Muraji and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Igatsu-kimi, a younger brother of the lord of the country of Arara in Silla. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Takehara-no-Muraji Yasumaro, Junior Clerk of the Right Toneri Office. (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin documents.)

¶The Obashi clan bore the surname Miyatsuko and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Ōta-no-Omi of Silla. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Tsukitsukuri clan bore the surname Miyatsuko and was registered in Kawachi. They descend from Sohori-shifu-nushibito of Silla. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Yamada clan bore the surname Miyatsuko and was registered in Izumi. They descend from Ame-no-Sagiri-no-Mikoto of Silla. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Mimana clan bore the surname Kimi and was registered in the Right Capital. They descend from Prince Murochi of Mimana. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) Between the reigns of Emperor Shōmu and Empress Kōken there was the monk Kanki, whose surname was Mimana-no-Kanki; he was a man of Nagusa District in Kii and was probably of the same kindred. (Note: following the Nihon Ryōiki. ○ According to the Shoku Nihongi, in the reign of the Deposed Emperor there was Mimana-no-Hito-kuro-me, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower, but her kindred is unclear, and she is therefore appended here.)

¶The Nagakura clan bore the surname Miyatsuko and was registered in Yamato. They descend from Ame-no-Shi-no-Mikoto, a man of Han. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)