Treatise 31: Clans VIII

¶The Fujiwara clan bears the surname Ason and has the Left Capital as its registered domicile. It descends from the Nakatomi clan. Nakatomi-no-Muraji Kamatari, a grandson in the twenty-third generation of Ame-no-Koyane-no-Mikoto, assisted Emperor Tenji, and his merit and virtue had no equal. In the second year of Emperor Tenji's accession he was appointed Naidaijin (Inner Minister). (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku and the Sonpi Bunmyaku.) Together with his younger brother Nakatomi-no-Muraji Taremi and with members of his kin, the Jingihaku (Director of the Department of Deities) Omimaro and the Chūnagon (Middle Counselor) Ōshima, he was granted the clan name Fujiwara. (Note: following the Nakatomi Honkei-chō.) In the thirteenth year of Emperor Temmu he was granted the surname Ason. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the second year of Emperor Monmu an edict was issued ordering that the surname Fujiwara-no-Ason, granted to the Naidaijin (Kamatari), be inherited by his eldest son Fuhito, while all the others were to revert to the original surname (Nakatomi). (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) The Fujiwara clan arose from this point. Because of his exalted standing as maternal grandfather of the Emperor (the sovereign's maternal relative), Fuhito attained the highest position a subject can hold. His descendants then divided into separate clans, and all alike inherited offices and stipends generation after generation. Each had a house name by which its kin were called, and collateral and cadet branches spread throughout the land beyond counting. Here we record the main line, the houses of the court nobles (kugyō), together with those warrior families of the provinces and districts that are regarded as distinguished houses.

¶Fuhito had four sons. The first son, the Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) Muchimaro, became the founder of the Southern House (Nanke); the second son, the Chūei-taishō (General of the Middle Guards) Fusasaki, became the founder of the Northern House (Hokke); the third son, the Shikibu-kyō (Minister of Ceremonial) Umakai, became the founder of the Ceremonial House (Shikike); and the fourth son, the Sangi (Counselor) Maro, became the founder of the Capital House (Kyōke). The four houses competed with one another for precedence, but the Northern House was the most prosperous and became the main line. Fusasaki begot the Dainagon (Major Counselor) Matate, Matate begot the Udaijin (Minister of the Right) Uchimaro, Uchimaro begot the Sadaijin Fuyutsugu, and Fuyutsugu begot the Sesshō (Regent) and Daijō-daijin (Chancellor) Yoshifusa. Yoshifusa adopted as his son Mototsune, the son of his elder brother Nagara, and Mototsune became Sesshō, Kanpaku (Chief Advisor), and Daijō-daijin. From then on, his descendants held positions of power generation after generation, and all those who rose to be Sesshō or Kanpaku came from this house. Tadamichi, a descendant of Mototsune in the ninth generation, begot Motozane and Kanezane. Motozane became the founder of the Konoe house, and Kanezane the founder of the three houses of Kujō, Nijō, and Ichijō. Ienezane, a grandson of Motozane, begot Kanetsune and Kanehira. Kanehira became the founder of the Takatsukasa house, and Iemoto, a grandson of Kanetsune, begot Ienori and Tsunehira. Ienori's son Tsunetada served at the Yoshino temporary palace (the Southern Court) during the Engen era. After Tsunehira the line again became the northern branch of the Konoe. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.) The descendants of Motozane, Kanezane, and Kanehira then succeeded one another in turn as Sesshō and Kanpaku, without interruption down to the present, and the world calls them the Five Regent Houses (Go-Sekke). (Note: following the Shoke Chifu Sekki.)

¶The Hino house descends from the Gyōbu-kyō (Minister of Justice) Manatsu, the eldest son of the Udaijin Uchimaro. Sukenari, the Shikibu-no-taifu (Senior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonial) and a descendant of Manatsu in the seventh generation, first took the name Hino. (Note: ○ Examining the present book: before this, Iemune, a grandson of Manatsu, had already founded the Hino Hōkaiji temple. From this, Hino was probably a clan name taken from a place name.) His great-grandson, the Gon-Chūnagon (Provisional Middle Counselor) Sanemitsu, begot Sukenaga and Sukenori. Sukenaga became Gon-Chūnagon, and Sukenori became Kōgōgū-no-daishin (Senior Secretary of the Empress's Household). Sukenaga's descendant in the sixth generation, the Chūnagon Suketomo, together with the Usashōben (Minor Controller of the Right) Toshimoto, a descendant of Sukenori in the sixth generation, was a distinguished retainer of Emperor Go-Daigo, but was killed by Hōjō Takatoki. Suketomo's son, the Chūnagon Kunimitsu, followed Prince Kanenaga, the Seisei Shōgun (Western Pacification General), and died in battle in the western seas. (Note: from Suketomo onward the Taiheiki and the Kinshō-in text and Tenshō text were consulted. ○ Examining further: the Kinshō-in text writes Sashōben Kunimitsu (a different spelling of the name), and the readings agree with Kunimitsu.) Toshimoto originally descended from the Shiki house, from Kunitoshi, great-grandfather in the line. He was the successor to Motosada, a thirteenth-generation descendant of the Chūnagon Yoshino and a grandson of Sukenori. Suketomo's elder brother Sukena served the Northern Court and became Gon-Dainagon (Provisional Major Counselor). From his descendants came the Uramatsu house. The Hino kin also include houses such as Hongan-ji, Yotsutsuji, Karasuma, Yanagiwara, and Takeya. The Hongan-ji line comes from Hannen, the son of Aritsune, who was Kōgōgū-gon-no-daishin (Provisional Senior Secretary of the Empress's Household) and a great-grandson of Sukenari. Hannen became a monk, took the name Shinran, and became the founder of Hongan-ji. He kept a wife and had children, but the succession broke off with his grandson Nyoshin. They then adopted Sōshō, a great-grandson of Aritsune's younger brother Norituna, as heir, and from this point the branch prospered. The Yotsutsuji line comes from the Gon-Chūnagon Yorisuke, a descendant of Sukenari in the sixth generation. The Karasuma line comes from the Gon-Chūnagon Toyomitsu, a great-grandson of Sukena. The Yanagiwara line comes from the Gon-Dainagon Sukeakira, the younger brother of Suketomo, and one branch of it has the two houses of Tsuchimikado and Mushanokōji. The Takeya line comes from the Emon-no-kami (Commander of the Gate Guards) Kanetoshi, a descendant of Yorisuke in the sixth generation.

¶The three clans of Arima, Ōmura, and Oki all descend from the Gon-Chūnagon Nagara, the eldest son of the Sadaijin Fuyutsugu. (Note: for Arima and Ōmura, following the Shoke Keizu-san.) Nagara begot the Udaiben (Major Controller of the Right) Tōtsune, and Tōtsune begot Yoshinori and Shigenori. Yoshinori became Dazai-no-shōni (Junior Vice-Governor of Dazaifu) and begot Sumitomo. Sumitomo became Iyo-no-jō (Third-Rank Official of Iyo), but later rebelled and was put to death. His surviving child, however, lived on and became the two clans of Arima and Ōmura. (Note: from "surviving child" onward, following the Shoke Keizu-san.) Hirono, a descendant in the tenth generation of Shigenori (Ōkura-no-taifu, Senior Assistant of the Treasury Ministry), became Oki-no-kami (Governor of Oki). (Note: ○ Hirono was an adopted son, and it is unclear whether his true surname was the same or of a different kin. For now we record him here following the present book, and await later investigation.) Hirono begot Hiroyoshi, and Hiroyoshi begot Hiroari. Father and son both became Oki-no-kami, and for this reason they took Oki as their clan name. (Note: the adoption of Oki as a clan name is from the Taiheiki.) There are also the kin of Kasuya, Shinomiya, Kidokoro, Ōtake, and others, whose line descends from the Ōkura-no-taifu Yoshikata, the third son of Fuyutsugu. Yoshikata's great-grandson Yukitaka became Sagami-no-kami (Governor of Sagami) and during his term of office begot a son, Motokata. This was the ancestor of the Kasuya clan. Mitsuhisa, a descendant of Motokata in the fifth generation, became the Shinomiya clan; Mitsuhisa's younger brother Yoshihisa called himself Shinkai; and Yoshihisa's younger brother Morikazu became the Kidokoro clan. One branch of this line has kin such as Sekimoto, Ōyama, Asaoka, Shirane, Ōtake, and Otoishi. (Note: from "There are also" onward, following the Sano-bon Kasuya Keizu.)

¶The Kajūji house descends from the Udoneri (Palace Attendant) Yoshikado, the sixth son of Fuyutsugu. Yoshikado begot the Naidaijin Takafuji, who once founded the temple Kajūji and from this took his house name. Its kin include the houses of Yoshida, Kanroji, Madenokōji, Seikanji, Nakamikado, Bōjō, and others. Takafuji's great-grandson, the Gon-Chūnagon Tamesuke, begot Tokitaka and Nobutaka. Nobutaka became Emon-gon-no-suke (Provisional Assistant of the Gate Guards). His great-grandson Tamefusa became Sangi and Udaiben. He once judged a criminal case and cleared a man of a false charge, and people said that his descendants would surely prosper. (Note: from "once judged" onward, following the Genpei Seisuiki.) Tamefusa begot Tametaka and Akitaka. Tametaka likewise became Sangi and Udaiben. His great-great-grandson, the Sangi and Sachūben (Major Controller of the Left) Suketsune, was the first to take Yoshida as a house name. His great-grandson Sadafusa served at the Yoshino temporary palace (the Southern Court) and became Naidaijin; he is one of the so-called "Later Three Fusa." (Note: from Sadafusa onward, following the Kugyō Bunin and the Gaun Nikken-roku.) Sadafusa's younger brother, the Gon-Chūnagon Takanaga, became the founder of the Kanroji house. Suketsune's second son, the Chūnagon Tsunetoshi, inherited the line of the Kajūji house. His younger brother, the Sakyō-daibu (Director of the Left Capital Office) Sukemichi, became the founder of the Madenokōji house. His grandson, the Gon-Chūnagon Fujifusa, was a distinguished retainer of the Restoration, and Fujifusa's younger brother, the Sangi Suefusa, was killed by Hōjō Takatoki. Suefusa had a son, Nakafusa, who continued the house and became Gon-Dainagon. The Seikanji line descends from the Sangi Sukefusa, the younger brother of Takanaga. The Nakamikado line descends from the Gon-Dainagon Tsunetsugu, a son of Tsunetoshi. The Bōjō line descends from the Gon-Chūnagon Toshifuyu, a great-great-grandson of Tsunetoshi. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Hamuro house descends from the Gon-Chūnagon Akitaka, the second son of Tamefusa. Akitaka was the first to take Hamuro as a house name, and he begot Akiyori. Akiyori likewise became Gon-Chūnagon. Akiyori begot Mitsuyori and Korekata. Mitsuyori became Gon-Dainagon and Korekata became Sahyōe-no-kami (Commander of the Left Gate Guards), and both were renowned. Mitsuyori begot Mitsumasa, and Mitsumasa begot Mitsuchika; both became Gon-Chūnagon. Mitsuchika was killed by Hōjō Yoshitoki. His descendant in the fifth generation, Mitsusuke, Dewa-no-kami (Governor of Dewa), served at the Yoshino temporary palace (the Southern Court). Mitsumasa's younger brother Munoyori became Gon-Dainagon, and his descendants continued the Hamuro house. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Uesugi clan descends from the Sachūben Tokitaka, a son of Tamesuke. Morinori, the Shōnagon (Minor Counselor) and a descendant of Tokitaka in the fifth generation, was exiled to Sado for having followed the Retired Emperor Sutoku at the time of the Hōgen disturbance. His son Kiyofusa, Dewa-no-kami, followed the Retired Emperor Go-Toba to the island in the sea (Oki). Kiyofusa begot Shigefusa. Shigefusa became a Kurōdo (Chamberlain) of Shikikenmon'in and Shuri-no-daibu (Director of the Office of Palace Repairs), lived in Kamakura attending Prince Munetaka, and held the Uesugi estate in Tanba as his fief. His son Yorishige, the Kamon-no-kami (Head of the Palace Housekeeping Office), called himself Uesugi and begot Shigeaki and Norifusa. Because Norifusa was the father-in-law of Ashikaga Takauji, he assisted in the government of the shogunate. His son Noriaki belonged to Motouji, a son of Takauji, and his descendants served generation after generation as Kamakura Shitsuji (Kamakura Steward). Shigeaki's son Tomosada likewise lived at Ōgigayatsu in Kamakura and took the name Ōgigayatsu. The Uesugi clan arose from this. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku. From "attending Munetaka" onward, the Taiheiki, the Nan-Taiheiki, the Uesugi Keizu, and the Sano-bon Keizu were consulted.)

¶The Ii clan is also sometimes called simply the I clan. (Note: for the I clan, following the Taiheiki.) It descends from the Hyōe-no-suke (Assistant Commander of the Gate Guards) Toshiyo, a son of Yoshikado. Toshiyo begot the Shōnagon Tomoyoshi. His great-grandson, Bitchū-no-kami (Governor of Bitchū) Tomosuke, moved to Kushi in Itani village in Tōtōmi. His son Tomoyasu took I as his clan name on this account. (Note: ○ The present book says that Tomoyasu was born in a well and had talent beyond that of ordinary men, so that Tomosuke adopted him as his heir; the clan was named I, the character for "well," because he was born in a well. This account is fantastic and was probably invented by someone fond of curiosities. Examining the Wamyōshō, there was an Ii village in Tōtōmi, whose pronunciation agrees with Ii. The clan name was probably taken from the place of residence, and there is no other explanation. It is often the case that family records seek to deify their ancestor's origin and exaggerate and embellish it in this way. We adopt neither account here.) His descendant in the tenth generation, Danjō Naohide, followed Nitta Yoshioki and died in battle at the Yaguchi Ferry. All the kin of this house served the imperial cause under Prince Munenaga. (Note: from "All the kin" onward, following the Taiheiki, the Shinyōshū, and the Rikashū.) Its branches also include the clans of Akasa, Nukina, Ishino, Ueno, Tanaka, Idaira, Yatsu, Ishioka, Oka, Kawai, Nakano, and others. (Note: following the Ii Keizu.)

¶The Ononomiya house descends from the Sesshō and Daijō-daijin Saneyori, the eldest son of the Daijō-daijin Tadahira, who was a son of the Kanpaku Mototsune. Saneyori's house name was Ononomiya, and he begot Yoritada and Tadatoshi. Yoritada became Kanpaku and Daijō-daijin. Tadatoshi became Sangi and begot Sanesuke and Yasuhira. Sanesuke, as Udaijin, was the most famous of them and was called in his day the "Wise Minister of the Right," but his descendants eventually died out. Yasuhira became Gon-Chūnagon and begot Tsunemichi and Sukehira. Tsunemichi likewise became Gon-Chūnagon, and Sukehira became Dainagon. Tsunemichi and Sukehira held fairly eminent posts for three or four generations afterward, but their descendants all died out without an heir. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Koichijō house descends from the Sadaijin Morotada, the fourth son of Tadahira. Morotada's house was called Koichijō, and one branch of it includes kin such as the Anekōji house and the Kumano Bettō (Superintendents of Kumano). Morotada begot Sadatoki and Naritoki. Sadatoki became Jijū (Chamberlain) and begot Sanekata. Sanekata became Ukonoe-no-chūjō (Middle Captain of the Right Konoe) and was famous for his waka poetry. Naritoki became Ukonoe-taishō (General of the Right Konoe). His descendant in the fifth generation, Morotsuna, became Chinjufu-shōgun (General of the Pacification Office). Ietsuna, a descendant of Morotsuna in the fifth generation, became Hida-kokushi (Provincial Governor of Hida) and took the house name Anekōji. Sanekata's son Chōkai became Kumano Bettō, and the office was thereafter hereditary in his line. (Note: for the hereditary office, following the Kumano Bettō Keizu.) His grandson Tanzō exerted himself on behalf of the Minamoto during the Jishō era; he is the so-called Tanabe Bettō. (Note: from "Jishō" onward, following the Genpei Seisuiki. ○ The present book says that Tanzō was a son of Minamoto-no-Tameyoshi. If this is so, his line passed over to the Minamoto.) Tanzō begot Tanzen, who in the Jōkyū era took the imperial side and was killed by the Hōjō. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Sesonji house descends from the Daijō-daijin Koretada, the eldest son of the Udaijin Morosuke, who was a son of Tadahira. Koretada begot Yoshitaka, the Ukonoe-shōshō (Minor Captain of the Right Konoe), and Yoshitaka's son, the Gon-Dainagon Yukinari, was renowned for his calligraphy. After Yukinari, down through seven generations to the Shuri-no-daibu Yukiyoshi, all were famous for writing, and the world called it a house of calligraphers. Yukiyoshi adopted as his son Tsunetomo, a son of the Gon-Chūnagon Yorisuke. Tsunetomo was in fact of the Hino bloodline and became Sakyō-gon-no-daibu (Provisional Director of the Left Capital Office). Tsunetomo's grandson, the Sakyō-daibu Yukifusa, took Ichijō as his house name and died at Kanegasaki following Prince Tsunenaga. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku. From "following Tsunenaga" onward, following the Taiheiki.)

¶The Honda clan descends from the Kanpaku Kanemichi, the second son of Morosuke. Sukehide, a descendant of Kanemichi in the eleventh generation, lived at Honda in Bungo and took the clan name from it. His son, the Umanojō (Third-Rank Official of the Bureau of Horses) Sukesada, belonged to Ashikaga Takauji and was granted villages such as Yokone in Owari. (Note: following the Honda Keizu.)

¶The Kan'in house descends from the Daijō-daijin Kintsue, the ninth son of Morosuke. Kintsue's house took the name Kan'in, and its kin include the houses of Sanjō, Saionji, Tokudaiji, Shigeno'i, Hachijō, Ano, Anekōji, Shimizudani, Yabu, Hashimoto, Imadegawa, Ogura, Ōgimachi, and others. Kintsue begot the Chūnagon Sanenari; Sanenari begot the Gon-Chūnagon Kiminari; Kiminari begot the Dainagon Sanesue; Sanesue begot the Gon-Dainagon Kinzane; and Kinzane begot Saneyuki, Michisue, and Saneyoshi. Saneyuki became Daijō-daijin and was the founder of the Sanjō house. Michisue became Gon-Chūnagon and was the founder of the Saionji house. Saneyoshi became Sadaijin and was the founder of the Tokudaiji house. Saneyuki begot the Naidaijin Kiminori, and Kiminori begot Sanekuni and Sanefusa. Sanekuni became Gon-Dainagon and was the founder of the Shigeno'i and Hachijō houses. Sanekuni also adopted as his son Kinsa, the Uma-no-kami (Head of the Bureau of Horses), a son of Narichika and a descendant in the twelfth generation of Uona, who was a son of Fusasaki. This was the founder of the Ano house. Sanefusa became Sadaijin, inherited the main line of the Sanjō house, and begot Kiminobu and Kinuji. Both became Gon-Dainagon. Kiminobu was the founder of the Anekōji house. Kinhide, the Naidaijin and a great-great-grandson of Kinuji, took as his house name Hachijō again. Michisue's son, the Gon-Dainagon Kinmichi, begot the Naidaijin Sanemune, and Sanemune begot Kinsada and Kintsune. Kinsada became Gon-Chūnagon and was the founder of the Shimizudani house. Kintsune became Daijō-daijin, once built the temple Saionji, and took it as the name of his kin. At the time of the Jōkyū disturbance, because Kintsune was related by marriage to Kamakura, he leaked their plans in advance. The Hōjō were grateful to him and recommended him with all their strength, so that his house flourished greatly from then on, and as generation after generation of maternal relatives of the imperial house its power and authority resounded throughout the realm. (Note: from "Jōkyū" onward, the Jōkyūki and the Masukagami were consulted.) Kintsune begot Saneuji, Sanearu, Saneo, and Sanefuji. Saneuji became Daijō-daijin. Sanearu became Gon-Dainagon, and his house was called Ichijō. Saneo became Sadaijin and was called Tōin. His great-great-grandson Sanetoyo was a distinguished retainer of Emperor Go-Daigo, the so-called Tōin Saemon-no-kami (Commander of the Left Gate Guards). (Note: from "Emperor Go-Daigo" onward, following the Taiheiki.) Sanefuji became Gon-Dainagon and was the founder of the Yabu house. Saneuji begot Kinsuke, and Kinsuke begot Sanekane; both became Daijō-daijin. Sanekane's younger brother, the Sangi Sanetoshi, was the founder of the Hashimoto house. Sanekane begot Kinhira and Kanesue. Kinhira became Sadaijin. His grandson Kinmune plotted a rebellion during the Kenmu era and was put to death, but his son Sanetoshi served the Northern Court and rose to Udaijin. Kinmune's younger brother Kinshige served at the Yoshino temporary palace (the Southern Court) and became Naidaijin. Kanesue became Udaijin and was the founder of the Imadegawa house. (Note: ○ This house is also called Kikutei.) Saneo begot Kimio and Kinmori. Kimio became Gon-Chūnagon and was the founder of the Ogura house. Kinmori became Daijō-daijin, and his son, the Gon-Dainagon Saneaki, was the founder of the Ōgimachi house. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.) The four houses of Sanjō, Saionji, Tokudaiji, and Imadegawa have all reached the rank of minister down to the present day, and the world calls them the nobility (Kazoku). (Note: following the Shoke Chifu Sekki.)

¶The Kodama clan descends from the Kanpaku Michitaka, the eldest son of the Sesshō Kaneie, who was a son of Morosuke. Michitaka's eldest son Korechika became Naidaijin and begot Michimasa and Akinaga, but none of their later descendants is known to have been of note. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.) The line that descended to become warriors is called the Kodama clan, one of the Seven Bands of Musashi (Musashi Shichitō). When Korechika was demoted and sent away, his son Koreyuki followed his maternal grandfather and settled in Musashi, and this became the founder of the Kodama band. (Note: ○ Examining the genealogies: Koreyuki was called Ari-no-Kanju and begot Hiroyuki and Tsuneyuki. Hiroyuki was called Ari-no-Taifu, and Tsuneyuki was called Ari-Saburō. Probably Koreyuki received the fief of his maternal grandfather, the Aridō clan, and so took over that name, and for this reason was called by "Ari." Added for reference.) His kin flourished and include the clans of Shō, Honjō, Gugezuka (Note: the first character is also written with a different character), Wakamizu, Yomota, Miyata, Hirukawa, Imai, Asami, Konakayama, Shioya, Tomita, Komoda, Nagakuki, Niu, Nakajō, Niisato (Note: the second character is also written with a different character), Naruse, Satoiwa (Note: the first character is also written with a different character), Okazaki, Irinishi, Asaba, Horigome, Nagaoka, Ōkawara, Omino, Aūda (Note: the first character is also written with a different character), Shōdai, Ogose, Kōsaka, Taira-Kodama, Chichibu, Yojima, Yoshida, Takezawa, Tako, Obata, Kuragano, Ōrui, Inajima, Komagata, Katayama, Niiya, Ōbuchi, Torikata (Note: the first character is also written with a different character), Mashimo (Note: the first character is also written with a different character), Mina, Ōhama, Okudaira, Shirakura, Yoshijima, Yamana, Shimana, Ogawara, Kinishi, and others. (Note: following the Kodama Keizu and the Musashi Shichitō Keizu.) In the Genryaku era, Shō Tarō Ienaga became the banner-bearer of the Kodama band, belonged to Minamoto-no-Yoritomo and achieved merit, and obtained a fief in Bitchū. His descendants followed one another, and all became Bitchū-no-kami. (Note: following the Bitchū Gunki.)

¶The Bōmon house descends from the Chūnagon Takaie, the third son of Michitaka. Takaie begot the Gon-Dainagon Tsunesuke. His great-grandson, the Ukyō-daibu (Director of the Right Capital Office) Nobusuke, begot the Shuri-no-daibu Nobutaka. Because Nobutaka was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Go-Toba, he was posthumously granted the rank of Sadaijin, and he begot Nobukiyo and Takakiyo. Nobukiyo became Naidaijin. Takakiyo became Sangi and was the first to be called Bōmon. Nobukiyo's son, the Gon-Dainagon Tadanobu, shaved his head and became a monk at the time of the Jōkyū disturbance and was exiled to Echigo. Kiyotada, the Udaiben and a descendant of Takakiyo in the fourth generation, served Emperor Go-Daigo. (Note: from "Jōkyū" onward, the Kugyō Bunin was consulted.) None of his later descendants is known to have been of note. There is also the Minase house, whose line descends from the Chūnagon Chikanobu, a son of Nobusuke. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Kikuchi clan descends from Takaie. Takaie became Dazai-gon-no-sochi (Provisional Governor-General of Dazaifu), and his grandson Noritaka, the Dazai-no-shōgen (Junior Clerk of Dazaifu), (Note: ○ Examining the genealogies: Takaie begot Masanori, and Masanori begot Noritaka. One text of the genealogies, the Asaba-bon Keizu, and one account in the Kikuchi Gunki all say that Takaie begot Tsunesuke, Tsunesuke begot Masanori, and Masanori begot Noritaka, all treating one generation as a spurious insertion (an erroneous extra count). The petition of Kikuchi Taketomo makes Noritaka a descendant of Michitaka in the fourth generation, and it is clear that he was therefore a grandson of Takaie. Only the career of Masanori is doubtful, so it is not adopted here. This account is also found in the Taketoki-den.) lived in Kikuchi District in Higo and later took the clan name from it. Noritaka begot Tsunetaka, Tsunetaka begot Tsuneyori, Tsuneyori begot Tsunemune, Tsunemune begot Tsunenao, and Tsunenao begot Takanao. Because Takanao exerted himself on behalf of the Taira, he was killed by Minamoto-no-Yoritomo. (Note: from "as a result" onward, following the Nagato-bon Genpei Seisuiki. ○ In various texts the character for Taka is written with a variant. Both the printed edition and the Kamakura text say that Takanao belonged to Minamoto-no-Yoshitsune and was later killed by Ogata Koreyoshi. It is not known which is correct.) Takanao begot Takasada, and Takasada begot Takatsugu. Takatsugu begot Yoshitaka, and Yoshitaka took the imperial side in the Jōkyū era, but his territory was seized by Hōjō Yoshitoki. (Note: from "Jōkyū" onward, following the petition of Taketomo. ○ The genealogies say that in the Jōkyū disturbance he belonged to the Kantō side, achieved merit, and was granted Higo. Since this differs greatly, it is not adopted here.) Yoshitaka begot Takayasu, and Takayasu begot Takefusa. Takefusa's eldest son Takamori begot Tokitaka but died early. Tokitaka quarreled over land with his uncle Takemoto, and they stabbed one another and both died. Tokitaka's son Taketoki, during the Genkō era, received an imperial edict, attacked Hōjō Hidetoki, fought hard, and died for his loyalty. His descendants were able to continue this loyalty and fierce devotion, strove in the service of the sovereign, and became the bulwark of Kyūshū. (Note: from "Genkō" onward, following the Taiheiki and the petition of Taketomo.) His kin flourished and include the clans of Saigō, Kojima, Yamaga, Kōshi, Hazama, Hyōdō, Fujita, Murata, Nagasaka, Ideta, Sano, Horikawa, Yatsushiro, Katakado, Ōura, Ikura, Onozaki, Hayashibara, Kae, Jō, Akahoshi, Hayashi, Wakamiya, Nakayama, Murayama, Kai, Nagase, Shigetomi, and others. The Saigō line descends from Masataka, the elder brother of Tsunetaka. The Kojima clan descends from Masataka's younger brother Yasutaka. The Yamaga clan descends from Tsunemasa, the elder brother of Tsuneyori. Tsunemasa was also the ancestor of the Takahashi clan. The Kōshi clan descends from Tsuneaki, the younger brother of Tsuneyori, and one branch of it includes kin such as Nishimori, Nagasato, Okamoto, Ishizaka, and Kusumoto. The Hazama clan descends from Tsunehira, the younger brother of Tsuneaki. The Hyōdō clan descends from Tsunenaga, the younger brother of Tsunemune. In the Hōgen disturbance there were Hyōdō Takiguchi Kanesue and Hyōdō Kotarō Kanemichi, among others, who belonged to Taira-no-Kiyomori. (Note: from "Hōgen" onward, following the Hōgen Monogatari.) The Fujita clan descends from Tsuneie, the younger brother of Tsunenaga. The Murata clan, also called the Iseri clan, descends from Tsunehide, the younger brother of Tsuneie. The Nagasaka clan descends from Tsunetaka, the younger brother of Tsunenao, and one branch of it includes the Oguni clan. The Ideta clan descends from Tsunenobu, the younger brother of Tsunetaka. After Tsunetoshi, the younger brother of Tsunenobu, there are also the kindreds of Hara and Takakura. The Sano clan descends from Tsunetsugu, the younger brother of Takanao. The Horikawa clan descends from Hidenao, the younger brother of Takanaga. The Yatsushiro clan descends from Takatoshi, the younger brother of Hidenao. The Katakado clan descends from Takachika, the younger brother of Yoshitaka. The Ōura clan descends from Ietaka, the younger brother of Takachika. Sadanao, the younger brother of Ietaka, became the Ikura clan. Takamitsu, the younger brother of Sadanao, became the Onozaki clan. Takamasu, the younger brother of Takamitsu, became the Hayashibara clan. The Kae clan descends from Takatoki, the younger brother of Takayasu. The Jō clan descends from Takatsune, the younger brother of Takatoki. The Akahoshi clan descends from Aritaka, the younger brother of Takefusa. Aritaka fought the Mongols in the Bun'ei era and achieved merit. Aritaka had four younger brothers: Takaka became the Hayashi clan, Takaaki the Wakamiya, Tsunemura the Nakayama, and Suetoyo the Murayama. Michitake, the younger brother of Tokitaka, called himself Horikawa. Takenari, the younger brother of Michitaka, became the Nagase clan, and Takenari's younger brother Takemura became the Shigetomi clan. Besides these there are the kindreds of Kino, Fukagawa, Takase, and Takuma, all of them descendants of Taketoki. There are also the clans of Takagi, Kitano, Kusano, Kōzuma, Ryūzōji, and others, whose line descends from Tsunesuke, a son of Takaie. Fumisada, a grandson of Tsunesuke, called himself Takagi, and his descendants moved to Hyūga, and one branch of them has the Tsumazumi clan. The Kitano and Kusano descend from Suesada, a son of Fumisada. The Kōzuma descend from Akisada, the younger brother of Suesada. The Ryūzōji descend from Suehira, the younger brother of Akisada. In the Bunji era, Kusano-no-Taifu Nagahira, a man of Chikugo, because he belonged to the eastern army (the Minamoto side), became zaikokushi (local provincial official) and Ōryōshi (Police Commissioner) of his home province. (Note: following the Kikuchi Keizu. From "Bunji" onward, following the Azuma Kagami.)

¶The Utsunomiya clan descends from the Kanpaku Michikane, the second son of Kaneie. Michikane begot the Chūnagon Kanetaka, Kanetaka begot the Sakonoe-shōshō (Minor Captain of the Left Konoe) Kanefusa, and Kanefusa begot Kanenaka and Sōen. Kanenaka became Sakonoe-shōshō, and Sōen became Zasu (head) of Utsunomiya in Shimotsuke. Sōen begot Shimotsuke-no-kami (Governor of Shimotsuke) Munetsuna, and Munetsuna, who called himself Hatta, begot Munefusa. Tomotsuna became Saemon-no-jō (Third-Rank Official of the Left Gate Guards) and begot Shigetsuna. Shigetsuna likewise became Saemon-no-jō and called himself Utsunomiya. Shigetsuna begot Kamon-no-suke (Assistant of the Palace Housekeeping Office) Yoritsuna, (Note: for Kamon-no-suke, following the Utsunomiya Keizu.) and Yoritsuna begot Yasutsuna, Yorinari, and Tokitsuna. Yasutsuna begot Kagetsuna, and Kagetsuna begot Sadatsuna. All three generations became Shimotsuke-no-kami. Yorinari became Iyo-no-kami (Governor of Iyo), and Tokitsuna became Mimasaka-no-kami (Governor of Mimasaka). (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.) At the time of the Mongol invasion, Sadatsuna took overall command of military affairs in the west by the sea, and he begot Kintsuna, the Jibu-taifu (Senior Assistant of the Ministry of Civil Affairs). (Note: following the Utsunomiya Keizu.) The Utsunomiya clan lived generation after generation in Shimotsuke and was called the most powerful of clans. Many of its cadet branches became local magnates of their villages, and there are clans such as Ujiie, Shioya, Matsuno, Takebayashi, Ōkubo, Kamiizumi, Ōtaira, Kasama, Mogi, Kamiu, Funyū, and others. The Ujiie line descends from Munefusa. Munefusa lived in the capital and became the heir of Kanenaka. Munefusa begot Nobufusa, and Nobufusa moved to Ujiie in Shimotsuke and took the clan name from it. The Shioya clan descends from Tomonari, the younger brother of Yoritsuna. Yasuchika, a son of Tokitsuna, became the heir of Yorinari and moved to Iyo, but still called himself Utsunomiya. Yasuchika's younger brother Nariyoshi called himself Matsuno. His younger brother Sanenari became the Takebayashi, his younger brother Hidenari the Ōkubo, and his younger brother Yorimoto the Kamiizumi. The Ōtaira line descends from Chikatomo, a son of Tomonari. His younger brother Tokitomo lived in Kasama in Hitachi and became the Kasama clan. The Mogi clan descends from Moritsuna, the younger brother of Kagetsuna. The Kamiu clan descends from Yasumune, the younger brother of Sadatsuna. Yasumune begot Sadayasu, Tokitsuna, and Sadamune. Tokitsuna called himself Funyū. Sadamune and Yasuuji, a son of Sadayasu, both belonged to Nitta Yoshisada. Sadamune afterward followed Prince Yoyasu, the Seisei Shōgun (Western Pacification General), to Tsukushi. Yasufuji, a son of Tokitsuna, became Sakonoe-no-shōgen (Commissioner of the Left Konoe), reverted to the Utsunomiya name, and served on duty at the Musha-dokoro (Warriors' Office). (Note: from "reverted" onward, following the Kenmu Ninen-ki.) Yasufuji likewise followed Yoshisada in serving the imperial cause, later moved to Mikawa, and his descendants became the Utsu clan. Tomotsuna also adopted as his son Iemasa, a son of the Takashina clan, who called himself Yamaga. One branch of this line includes the Shikau and Takaoka clans, (Note: following the Sano-bon Utsunomiya Keizu.) and in fact they belong to the Imperial branches (Kōbetsu).

¶The Oda clan is likewise a kin of the Utsunomiya. Its line descends from Tomoie, the second son of Munetsuna. Tomoie at first called himself Hatta Shirō. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku. ○ The present book says that Tomoie was in fact a son of Minamoto-no-Yoshitomo and was adopted by Munetsuna. The Utsunomiya Keizu kept at Shōsōji in Masui specifically makes Tomoie a Minamoto and a son of Yoshitomo. The Minamoto genealogy kept at Mitsuzōin in Hitachi says that the Son of Heaven (the Emperor) bestowed Hatta-no-Tsubone on Yoshitomo, and she bore one son, who was the ancestor of the Oda clan; Hatta-no-Tsubone later married into the Utsunomiya. The genealogy kept by the Miura clan also records this matter, but with some differences. The Rōshi Zatsudan says that Hatta was a daughter of Utsunomiya Tomotsuna, that Yoshitomo had relations with her and she became pregnant, and that she married into the Oyama clan; Yoshitomo asked the Oyama to take her in and rear the child, and this was Tomoie. On this account it seems beyond doubt that Tomoie was a son of Yoshitomo. But when the Ono Keizu and the Oda Keizu are considered together, Hatta-no-Tsubone was in fact a daughter of Ono Narito, first served the Konoe Emperor, and later married Munetsuna, bearing Tomotsuna and Tomoie and one daughter. That daughter married Oyama Masamitsu and became the wet-nurse of Minamoto-no-Yoritomo, as appears in the Azuma Kagami. This does not agree with the genealogy of the Mitsuzōin text or the Rōshi Zatsudan. For this reason doubt remains about the true biography of Tomoie, and we do not venture to assert that he was a son of Yoshitomo. For now we place him among the kin of the Utsunomiya, attaching the various accounts to await later investigation.) He served Minamoto-no-Yoritomo and enjoyed his confidence. (Note: following the Azuma Kagami.) Later he moved to Oda in Hitachi and took the clan name from it. (Note: following the Asaba-bon Oda Keizu.) Tomoie had several sons, and the eldest, Tomoshige, became Hitachi-no-suke (Assistant Governor of Hitachi), and many of his descendants inherited that post. His descendant in the fifth generation, Haruhisa, (Note: for Haruhisa, following the Oda Keizu. ○ Examining the Sonpi Bunmyaku, it has Takatomo but not Haruhisa. The main account follows the Oda Keizu in making Takatomo an earlier name of Haruhisa. However, the Asaba-bon Keizu makes Takatomo and Haruhisa brothers, differing from the other texts. It is not known which is correct.) took the imperial side in the Engen era, but later belonged to Ashikaga Takauji. (Note: from "Engen" onward, following the Hatada Monjo and the Taiheiki.) According to the tradition handed down in Haruhisa's house, "his ancestor Tomoie was in fact a son of Minamoto-no-Yoshitomo and was adopted by Munetsuna." At this point the house changed over to the Minamoto. (Note: from "Haruhisa" onward, the Oda Keizu was consulted.) His kin flourished considerably. Aritomo, the younger brother of Tomoshige, lived at Ishira in Echizen and called himself the Ishira clan on this account. (Note: from "lived in Echizen" onward, the Sano-bon Oda Keizu was consulted.) Aritomo's younger brother Tomomoto became the Motegi clan, and Tomomoto's younger brother Munemasa became the Shishido clan. (Note: ○ Munemasa is also written as Iemasa.) Munemasa's younger brother Tomonao died in the service of the sovereign in the Jōkyū troubles. (Note: from "Jōkyū" onward, following the Azuma Kagami.) Tomonao's younger brother Tomouji became the Tanaka clan, Tomouji's younger brother Tokiie the Takano clan, and Tokiie's younger brother Yoshikatsu the Nakajō clan. There are the clans of Kasama, Yamanou, Asanami, Kawagōna, Takaoka, Tano, Obata, Kamiso, and others, all of them cadet branches. (Note: for Kamiso, following the Oda Keizu.)

¶The Nakamikado house descends from the Kanpaku Michinaga, the fourth son of Kaneie. After the Dainagon Michitsuna, the third son of Kaneie, there are houses such as Yamomo and Nijō, but among their descendants there were no more who attained eminent office, and the line of Michinaga flourished considerably. Michinaga begot the Udaijin Yorimune. This was the founder of Nakamikado and also of the Jimyōin and Sono houses. Yorimune begot the Udaijin Toshiie, who was called Ōmiya. Toshiie begot Munetoshi, Motoyori, and Munemichi. Munetoshi became Gon-Dainagon and begot the Udaijin Munetada. Munetada was the first to be called Nakamikado. Motoyori became Chinjufu-shōgun and begot the Ōkura-kyō (Minister of the Treasury) Michimoto. Michimoto was called Jimyōin. Munemichi became Gon-Dainagon and was called Bōmon. His sons Koremichi and Narimichi both became well-known figures. Narimichi's younger brother, the Dainagon Shigemichi, became the founder of the Takakura house. The line after Motouji, the Sangi and a grandson of Michimoto, became the Sono house. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Mikohidari house descends from the Gon-Dainagon Nagaie, the sixth son of Michinaga. Nagaie's house name was Mikohidari, and its kin include the Reizei house. Nagaie begot Michiie and Tadaie. Tadaie became Dainagon. His grandson Shunzei became Sakyō-daibu (Director of the Left Capital Office) and was famous in his day for waka poetry. His descendants continued the craft generation after generation and became a house of poets. Shunzei's grandson, the Gon-Dainagon Tameie, begot Tameuji and Tamesuke. Tameuji became Dainagon. Tamesuke became Chūnagon and was the founder of the Reizei house. Tamefuyu, the Sakonoe-chūjō (Middle Captain of the Left Konoe) and a grandson of Tameuji, followed Prince Takanaga in attacking Ashikaga Takauji and died in battle at Takenoshita. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku. From "followed Takanaga" onward, following the Taiheiki.)

¶The Nasu clan descends from Michiie, Shimotsuke-no-kami, a son of Nagaie. Michiie's son Sadanobu was the first to live at Nasu in Shimotsuke and took the clan name from it. His descendant Munetaka, in the wars between the Minamoto and the Taira, belonged to the eastern army (the Minamoto side) and was famous as a master archer. His kin include the clans of Sakuyama, Imobuchi, Fukuhara, Takita, Sawamura, Katata, Hieda, Tofukuji, Senbon, Iōno, Ebara, Ajioka, Inazawa, Yata, and others. (Note: following the Nasu Keizu. The Nasu Senbon Keizu and the Iōno Keizu were consulted.)

¶The Kazan'in house descends from the Sesshō Morozane, the third son of the Sesshō Yorimichi, who was a son of Michinaga. Morozane's second son, the Sadaijin Ietada, was the first to be called Kazan'in. Its kin include the Nakayama house. Ietada begot the Gon-Chūnagon Tadamune, and Tadamune begot Tadamasa and Tadachika. Tadamasa became Daijō-daijin. Tadachika became Naidaijin and was the founder of the Nakayama house. Tadamasa's grandson, the Udaijin Tadatsune, begot Sadamasa and Morotsugu. Sadamasa became Udaijin. Morotsugu became Naidaijin, and his grandson Morokata served Emperor Go-Daigo and was called a good minister; he is the so-called In Dainagon. (Note: from "Emperor Go-Daigo" onward, the Taiheiki was consulted.) The line after Sadamasa inherited the main line of the Kazan'in and in later ages is called the nobility (Kazoku). (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Ōinomikado house descends from the Gon-Dainagon Tsunezane, the third son of Morozane. Tsunezane's grandson, the Daijō-daijin Yorizane, begot the Udaijin Morotsugu. Morotsugu was the first to be called Ōinomikado, and his descendants held eminent posts one after another and are now called the nobility (Kazoku). Its kin include the Namba house and the Asukai house. The Namba line descends from the Gon-Dainagon Tadanori, the younger brother of Tsunezane. The Asukai line descends from the Sangi Masatsune, a great-grandson of Tadanori. Morozane's eldest son, the Kanpaku Moromichi, begot the Sangi Iemasa. After him there are houses such as Muromachi and Hōshōji, but none of their descendants is known to have been of note. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Shijō house descends from the Sadaijin Uona, the fifth son of Fusasaki. Uona begot Mimasaka-no-kami (Governor of Mimasaka) Suemo. His descendant in the tenth generation, the Chūnagon Ienari, lived at Higashi-no-Tōin on Nakamikado and for this reason was called Nakamikado. His great-grandson, the Gon-Dainagon Takahira, was the first to take the name Shijō. His grandson Takaaki became Gon-Dainagon. Takaaki's grandson, the Dainagon Takasuke, served the two courts of Go-Daigo and Go-Murakami, died for his loyalty at Yawata, and was posthumously granted the rank of Sadaijin. (Note: the posthumous grant of Sadaijin is from the Shinyōshū.) Takaaki's younger brother Fusana became Dainagon. His great-grandson Takasato served Emperor Go-Komatsu and became Gon-Dainagon. There are houses such as Rokujō, Ōmiya, Aburanokōji, and Washinoo, all of the same ancestry as the Shijō. The Rokujō line descends from the Shuri-no-daibu Akisue, a descendant of Suemo in the eighth generation. Because Akisue lived at Rokujō Karasuma, he took the name Rokujō. His great-grandson, the Sakyō-daibu Akiie, called himself Kujō, and Akiie's son, the Uhyōe-no-suke (Assistant Commander of the Right Gate Guards) Akiuji, called himself Kamiyagawa, but these two branches are no longer heard of. The Ōmiya line descends from the Ukyō-daibu Takatsuna, the eldest son of Takahira. The Aburanokōji line descends from the Gon-Dainagon Takakage, a great-grandson of Takatsuna. The Washinoo line descends from the Gon-Chūnagon Takayoshi, the younger brother of Fusana. There is also the Yamashina house, which has as its founder the Gon-Chūnagon Sanenori, a son of Ienari. Sanenori adopted Norinari, a son of Taira-no-Narifusa, as his son and had him continue the house, but in fact he belongs to the Imperial branches (Kōbetsu). (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The three clans of Adachi, Ōsone, and Ōsawa all descend from the Sakyō-daibu Washitori, a son of Uona. Washitori's son, the Sangi Fujitsuna, begot Takafusa and Sadanao. Takafusa became Echizen-no-kami (Governor of Echizen), and Sadanao became Echizen-no-daijō (Senior Third-Rank Official of Echizen). Takafusa begot the Chūnagon Yamakage. His descendant in the seventh generation, Kōzuke-no-jō (Third-Rank Official of Kōzuke) Sukuni, begot Dewa-no-suke (Assistant Governor of Dewa) Kunishige. His son Kanehiro called himself Onoda and begot Tōkurō Morinaga. Morinaga called himself Adachi, served Minamoto-no-Yoritomo, and enjoyed great favor and trust. Morinaga begot Kagemori and Tokinaga. Kagemori became Akita-jō-no-suke (Assistant of Akita Castle), and his descendants inherited that post generation after generation. Tokinaga called himself the Ōsone clan. Kagemori's son Yoshikage begot Yorikage, Kagemura, and Yasumori. Yasumori was killed by the Hōjō. Yorikage called himself the Sekido clan, and Kagemura called himself the Ōmuro clan. There are also clans such as Tonoshima and Tomono, all of this kin. The Ōsawa line descends from Shigemoto, a descendant of Sadanao in the seventeenth generation. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Date clan descends from the Sakyō-daibu Nakamasa, a son of Yamakage. Munemura, a descendant of Nakamasa in the ninth generation, at first bore the name Tokinaga, (Note: following the Date Keizu and the Date Ryakkei.) belonged to Minamoto-no-Yoritomo in the Bunji era, was granted Date District in Mutsu as a fief in reward for his merit, and took the clan name from it. (Note: following the Azuma Kagami and the Date Ryakkei.) Munemura begot Tamemune, Suketsuna, and Tameie. Tamemune took the Isa estate in Hitachi as his fief and called himself the Isa clan. Yukitomo, the Kunai-taifu (Senior Assistant of the Imperial Household Ministry) and a descendant of Suketsuna in the fifth generation, responded to Kitabatake Chikafusa in the Engen era, held Isa Castle, and achieved merit in the imperial cause. (Note: from "Engen" onward, following the Yūki Monjo.) After Tameie there are clans such as Tsukame and Yabe. (Note: following the Asano-bon Date Keizu.) And the Date clan was a powerful clan generation after generation. (Note: following the Date Keizu.)

¶The Saitō, Togashi, and Hayashi clans all descend from Hitachi-no-suke (Assistant Governor of Hitachi) Tokinaga, a son of Takafusa. Tokinaga begot the Chinjufu-shōgun Toshihito. Toshihito achieved merit by subduing rebels, and his authority resounded through the realm. His son Nobumochi became Saigū-no-kami (Director of the Office of the High Priestess of Ise), and his descendants called themselves Saitō on this account. Toshihito once built a country estate at Tsuruga in Echizen, and his wealth was very great. (Note: from "built a country estate" onward, following the Uji Shūi Monogatari.) Thereafter, because they lived generation after generation in the northern provinces, his descendants prospered in the area between Echizen, Kaga, and Etchū. Nobumochi's son Yoshinobu begot Tadayori, Shigemitsu, and Iden. Yoshinobu and Tadayori both became Kaga-no-suke (Assistant Governor of Kaga). Iden became Echizen Ōryōshi (Police Commissioner of Echizen). Tadayori begot Noritaka and Yoshimune. Noritaka became Etchū-gon-no-kami (Provisional Governor of Etchū), and after him there are clans such as Hori, Ōta, Ishiura, and Kawasaki. Yoshimune begot Munesuke, and Munesuke begot Sadamune and Ieguni. Ieguni became Kaga-no-suke, called himself Togashi-no-suke, and took the clan name from it. Sadamune begot Sadamitsu, and Sadamitsu likewise became Kaga-no-suke, called himself Hayashi-no-suke, and became the Hayashi clan on this account. Sadamitsu begot Mitsuie and Nariie. Mitsuie had four sons, named Mitsuaki, Toshimitsu, Mitsunari, and Norimitsu. Mitsuaki begot Mitsuhira, and Mitsuhira followed Minamoto-no-Yoshinaka and died in battle at Sanjōno. (Note: from "followed Yoshinaka" onward, following the Genpei Seisuiki.) After him there are clans such as Yasuda, Yamagami, Yokoe, and Chikaoka. Nariie's son Narizumi called himself the Kuramitsu clan and likewise followed Yoshinaka and was killed by Seno Kaneyasu. (Note: from "likewise followed" onward, following the Genpei Seisuiki.) Its kin include the clans of Itazu, Shirae, and Miyanaga. Toshimitsu called himself the Ōkuwa clan, and his descendants include the clans of Sanuki and Ishiura. Mitsunari called himself the Toyoda clan, and one branch of it includes clans such as Iikawa, Fujii, and Hirooka. Norimitsu called himself the Matto clan. Iden's son Tamenobu became Ōryōshi of the seven provinces of Hokuriku and begot Tamesuke and Tameyori. Tamesuke became Shuri-no-shōjō (Junior Secretary of the Office of Palace Repairs) and called himself the Shindō clan on this account. Tameyori became Echizen-gon-no-suke (Provisional Assistant Governor of Echizen) and Ōryōshi of the seven provinces, called himself Hikita Saitō, and later sometimes called himself simply the Hikita clan. Tameyori begot Yorimoto and Tamenaga. Yorimoto called himself the Takeda clan. Tamenaga begot Tametada and Tamemori. Tametada called himself the Senda clan, and Tamemori begot Mochinari and called himself Kumasaka. His grandson Mochiie called himself Kagami Saitō, and his kin include clans such as Nomoto, Kawaguchi, Oshitari, Ōtani, Uda, Ashizaki, and Shihi. Tamenobu's younger brother Norimitsu called himself the Yoshiwara clan and begot Norishige and Takanori. Norishige became Echizen-gon-no-suke and called himself Yoshiwara-no-suke. Takanori's son Sukezane called himself Yoshiwara Saitō. Norishige begot Sukemune, who called himself Kawai Saitō. Sukemune had four sons, named Sanetō, Narizane, Kagezane, and Munekage. Sanemori, a grandson of Sanetō, moved to Nagai in Musashi and called himself Nagai Saitō Bettō. (Note: ○ The present book says that Sanemori's father Sanenao was an adopted son of Sanetō. Sanemori's descendants lived in Musashi and sometimes called themselves the Zaitō clan, which comes from their original surname being Ariwara. On this account, was Sanenao perhaps a son of the Ariwara clan? Added for reference.) Sanenaka, a descendant of Sanemori in the sixth generation, belonged to Minamoto-no-Akiie in the Kenmu era and died in battle at the Tone River. (Note: from the sixth generation after Sanemori onward, following the Asaba-bon Saitō Keizu.) Sanekage, a grandson of Narizane, called himself Seta Saitō, and his kin include clans such as Sakanami, Tsuzuki, Wakimoto, Fujishima, Shihara, Awō, Nakamura, Kida, Yasuhara, Kawai, and Oka. Kagezane begot Sanezumi, and Sanezumi became Echizen-no-suke and called himself Inazu Shinsuke. His descendants include the clans of Matsumoto, Ikue, Ōmi, and Ayabe. Munekage became Emon-no-jō and called himself the Akatsuka clan. Besides these, the descendants of Toshihito include clans such as Miyazaki, Mizumaki, Ishiguro, and Sami. (Note: from "Besides these" onward, following the Genpei Seisuiki.)

¶The Katō clan descends from Bungo-no-kami (Governor of Bungo) Shigemitsu, a son of Yoshinobu. Shigemitsu's great-grandson Kagemichi became Kaga-no-suke and became the Katō clan on this account. Kagemichi was one of the seven mounted followers of Minamoto-no-Yoriyoshi and begot Kagekazu. (Note: ○ The present book writes Kagekiyo, which is an error. For now we follow the Azuma Kagami.) Kagekazu's son Kagekado served Minamoto-no-Yoritomo and was renowned for his bravery and strength. (Note: from Kagekado onward, following the Genpei Seisuiki. ○ Examining the Seisuiki, it makes Kagekazu a descendant of the monk Nōin, which differs greatly from the present book. This account is also seen in a note to the main biography.) Kagekado begot Kagetomo and Kagenaga. Kagetomo called himself the Tōyama clan, and Kagenaga called himself the Kawazu clan. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Gotō clan descends from Kawachi-no-kami (Governor of Kawachi) Kiminori, the eldest son of Iden. Kiminori adopted as his son Noritsune, a great-great-grandson of the Dainagon Kuninori. Kuninori was the elder half-brother, by a concubine, of the Kanpaku Mototsune. Noritsune likewise became Kawachi-no-kami and begot the Udoneri Noriaki. Noriaki took the name Gotō-nai and, because he lived at Sakato in Kawachi, was also called Sakato Hangan (Sakato Judge). He too was one of the seven mounted followers of Yoriyoshi. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku. ○ The present book does not record the reason for taking Gotō as the clan name. Kiminori had served as governor of provinces such as Bingo and Higo, so this was surely a clan name taken from a province of appointment.) Noriaki begot Masaaki and Sukitoki. Masaaki lived at Motozaki in Hizen and became the Motozaki clan. One branch of it includes the clans of Nishiyama, Shimada, Yoshida, and Andō. Sukitoki begot Shigeaki and called himself the Kirihara clan. (Note: the printed edition of the Sonpi Bunmyaku and the Asaba-bon Kirihara Keizu were consulted.)

¶The clans of Mitachi, Satō, Sudō, Hatano, Kondō, Mutō, Ōtomo, Shōni, Ashikaga, Sano, Oyama, Yūki, and others all descend from Ise-no-kami (Governor of Ise) Fujinari, a son of Uona. Fujinari begot Shimotsuke-gon-no-kami (Provisional Governor of Shimotsuke) Toyosawa, and Toyosawa begot Shimotsuke-no-daijō (Senior Third-Rank Official of Shimotsuke) Murao. Murao's son Hidesato achieved merit by subduing rebels in the Tengyō era and became Chinjufu-shōgun. (Note: from "Tengyō" onward, following the Shōmonki and the Konjaku Monogatari.) His descendants lived generation after generation in provinces such as Shimotsuke, Sagami, and Mutsu, and were always a powerful clan. (Note: ○ Examining the Azuma Kagami, Oyama Nagamura himself says that the post of Shimotsuke Ōsuke (Senior Assistant Governor of Shimotsuke) was passed down without interruption through sixteen generations from Fujinari to Nagamura. From this, it appears that from Fujinari onward they lived in Shimotsuke generation after generation.) Hidesato begot Chiharu and Chitsune, who both became Chinjufu-shōgun. (Note: ○ The present book writes Chiharu with the character for Toki in place of the first character of Haru, but says that there was a younger brother Chiharu (written with the character for spring), Sagami-no-suke, who left no descendants. Probably the characters for Toki and for Haru (as in Chiharu) are similar in form, and the two characters for Haru are read the same way, so that they were mistakenly made into two persons. The biography of Hidesato likewise treats them as two persons according to the present book, but according to the Nihon Kiryaku the character for spring is written as the character for Haru of Chiharu. Now, having examined the Kiryaku and the genealogies of Gamō, Oyama, and others in detail, we determine this to be one person.) Chiharu was implicated in the affair of Minamoto-no-Takaakira in the Anna era and was exiled to Oki. For this reason the descendants of Chitsune were called the most prosperous in Bandō. Chiharu's great-grandsons were called Yoritō and Yorikiyo. Yorikiyo's grandsons were called Yukitoshi and Suetoshi. Yukitoshi became Udoneri, (Note: that he became Udoneri is from the Gamō Keizu.) and on this account called himself the Naitō clan. Suetoshi's son Suekata had a reputation for courage and was the so-called Koshi Takiguchi. Yoritō begot Tsunekiyo, and Tsunekiyo went to Mutsu and called himself Watari Gon-no-Taifu, but later sided with Abe-no-Yoritoki and was put to death. His son Kiyohira was reared by Kiyohara-no-Takesada, became Mutsu Ōryōshi (Police Commissioner of Mutsu), and called himself Gon-Tarō. His son Motohira and his grandson Hidehira were both called Mitachi. With his great-grandson Yasuhira, the house was destroyed by Minamoto-no-Yoritomo. (Note: from "Gon-Tarō" onward, the Genpei Seisuiki was consulted.) Its kin include the clans of Nishikido, Izumi, Motoyoshi, Hiraizumi, Hizume, and others. Chitsune begot Fumiosa, and Fumiosa became Chinjufu-shōgun. Fumiosa begot Fumiyuki and Kanemitsu. Fumiyuki became Saemon-no-jō and begot Kinmitsu and Osayuki. Kinmitsu became Sagami-no-kami (Governor of Sagami) and begot Kinkiyo. Because Kinkiyo became Saemon-no-jō, he called himself Satō. Kinkiyo's great-grandson Yoshikiyo became a monk, and his conduct was extremely pure. He is the so-called Saigyō Hōshi. Kinkiyo's son Sukekiyo became Shume-no-kami (Head of the Bureau of Horses) and called himself the Sudō clan on this account. (Note: ○ The present book says, as one account, that Sudō is sometimes written with a different character and originally comes from the Moribe clan. Examining the Sudō Keizu: Nagaie, the Gon-Dainagon and great-grandfather of Sukemichi, begot Michiie, and Michiie became an adopted son of Sagami-no-kami Kinmitsu. While in office he begot a son, and Moribe-no-Sukenobu, Gunji (District Magistrate) of Mushiro District in Mino, asked that the child be made his own and named him Sukekiyo. When grown he called himself Morifuji-no-Taifu and later became Shume-no-kami. On this account he changed to Sudō. This was the father of Sukemichi. On this account the Sudō line descends from the Kanpaku Michinaga and became an adopted line of the Moribe clan. The Nasu clan is descended from Michiie. Its genealogy records Sukekiyo and Sukemichi in succession and treats them as the same kin. If so, this account can be believed. However, Michinaga and Uona are originally of the same ancestry and in the end are not of different surnames. For this reason we record it here for now.) This was in fact one of the seven mounted followers of Minamoto-no-Yoriyoshi. Sukekiyo begot Chikakiyo and Michikiyo. Chikakiyo's son, the Gyōbu-no-jō (Third-Rank Official of the Ministry of Justice) Yoshimichi, called himself the Yamanouchi clan. Michikiyo called himself the Kamata clan, and from the time after Sukemichi they served the Minamoto generation after generation. Sukekiyo's younger brother Owari-no-kami (Governor of Owari) Kinsato begot Kinhiro. Kinhiro was reared by Gotō Noriaki and took over his clan name. The Gotō clan is, in fact, of the line of Toshihito. Kinsato's younger brother Kinzumi became Saemon-no-jō and begot Tomomoto. Tomomoto's son Tomomasa, and Tomomasa's son Tomotada, father and son, both became Owari-no-kami. Tomotada's son Tomohiro was called Bitō on this account. (Note: ○ The present book says, as one account, that Tomomoto was a son of Kinsato and that Kinsato was the ancestor of the Bitō clan. It is not known which is correct.) Tomonobu, a great-great-grandson of Tomohiro, moved to Ikeda in Kii and became the Ikeda clan. (Note: for Kii and Ikeda, following the Azuma Kagami.) Tomomoto's second son Motokage moved to Ise and called himself the Itō clan. Motokage begot Motokiyo and Motonobu. Motonobu served Taira-no-Masamori, Ise-no-kami. (Note: for Ise-no-kami, following one text of the Taira genealogy.) Thereafter they served the Taira generation after generation, and men such as Furuichi Itō Musha Kagetsuna and Itō Gorō Tadakiyo were probably their descendants. (Note: from "Thereafter" onward, following the Hōgen Monogatari.) Kinkiyo's younger brother, the Hyōgo-no-suke (Assistant of the Arsenal Office) Tsunenori, took over his mother's surname of Saeki, followed Minamoto-no-Yoriyoshi, and died in battle in Mutsu. (Note: from "took over his mother's surname" onward, the Mutsu Waki was consulted.) His son, the Minbu-no-jō (Third-Rank Official of the Ministry of Popular Affairs) Tsunehide, begot Hidetō, and Hidetō begot Tōyoshi. Tōyoshi had three sons, named Yoshimichi, Hidetaka, and Sanekata. Yoshimichi lived in Ise and called himself the Hatano clan. (Note: that he lived in Ise is from the Sano-bon Hatano Keizu.) Hidetaka became the Kawamura clan and Sanekata the Hirosawa clan. Yoshimichi's son Yoshitsune called himself the Matsuda clan. The kin of Matsuda and Kawamura both followed Nitta Yoshisada in serving the imperial cause. (Note: from "Matsuda and Kawamura" onward, following the Taiheiki.) Kinsue, Moku-no-kami (Head of the Bureau of Carpentry) and the younger brother of Tsunenori, begot Kinsuke. His great-grandson Tomomitsu became Iga-no-kami (Governor of Iga), and his sons Mitsusue, Mitsumune, and others called themselves the Iga clan on this account. (Note: from "Mitsusue" onward, the Azuma Kagami was consulted.)

¶The four clans of Kondō, Mutō, Ōtomo, and Shōni have a line that descends from Osayuki, a son of Fumiyuki. Osayuki became Ōmi-no-jō (Third-Rank Official of Ōmi) and eventually settled there, and for this reason took Kondō as his clan name. Among his descendants are the two clans of Shimada and Yakou. Osayuki's great-grandson Kageyori begot Yoshinari. Yoshinari's son Yoshinao became an adopted son of Nakahara-no-Chikayoshi, took over his surname of Nakahara, and called himself the Ōtomo clan. (Note: ○ Examining the Azuma Kagami, Hatano Tsuneie called himself Ōtomo and was the father of the wife of Nakahara-no-Chikayoshi. Further, the Shiga-shi Monjo records that after Yoshinao's death his wife conferred the posts of jitō (estate steward) and gōji (district headman) of Ōtomo Village in Sagami on her heir, Ōi-no-suke (Assistant of the Imperial Kitchen Bureau) Chikasue. On this account the name Ōtomo came from Sagami, and probably Tsuneie gave this fief to his son-in-law Nakahara-no-Chikayoshi, and Chikayoshi in turn gave it to his adopted son Yoshinao. Added for now for reference.) Later he reverted to his original surname, became Buzen-no-kami (Governor of Buzen) and Chinzei Bugyō (Commissioner of Kyūshū), and his descendants lived in the western seas generation after generation, and the kin prospered greatly. (Note: from "his descendants lived" onward, the Ōtomo Keizu was consulted.) Yoshinao's youngest son, the Sakon-no-kurōdo (Chamberlain of the Left Konoe) Yasuhiro, became the founder of the Tahara clan, and one branch of it includes the Nyohōji clan. (Note: from "youngest son" onward, following the Ōtomo Keizu and the Zoku Nankō Zatsuroku.) Yoshinao's younger brother Shigeyoshi called himself Yoshizawa. Shigeyoshi's younger brother Nakanori became the Tamura clan, and Nakanori's grandson Shigesuke became the Mizutani clan. Kageyori also adopted as his son Yorihira, a son of Yorikane, who served on duty at the Musha-dokoro (Warriors' Office), and for this reason took Mutō as his clan name. (Note: ○ The present book says that Yorikane was an attendant of Minamoto-no-Yoriyoshi and a descendant of Mutō Yoriuji; that is, the Mutō clan did not begin with Yorihira. But the present book does not state his origin. According to the Mutō Keizu, Yoriuji descends from Nagaie, a son of the Kanpaku Michinaga, and Nagaie's son Nagayori called himself Mutō. His son Yoriuji was a grandfather of Yorikane. But this genealogy too contains errors and cannot be fully trusted. Only that the Mutō are of the Fujiwara kin appears beyond doubt, so for now we follow the present book, record it here, and await later investigation.) Yorikane became Dazai-no-shōni (Junior Vice-Governor of Dazaifu), and his descendants succeeded to that post generation after generation, so that they again took the official title as their clan name. Yorihira's son Sukeyori became Chikuzen-no-kami (Governor of Chikuzen) and Chinzei Shugo (Military Governor of Kyūshū), and his kin likewise prospered together with the Ōtomo. (Note: from "became Dazai-no-shōni" onward, the Shōni Kafu and the Taiheiki were consulted.)

¶The Ashikaga and Sano clans have a line that descends from the Chinjufu-shōgun Yoriyuki, a son of Kanemitsu. Yoriyuki begot Kaneyuki and Yukitaka. Kaneyuki called himself Fuchina-no-Taifu and begot Morotane, Nariyuki, Yukifusa, and Takatsuna. Morotane called himself the Sawamata clan and died fighting Taira-no-Koremochi. Nariyuki called himself the Ashikaga clan. Yukifusa became the Hayashi clan, and among his descendants are clans such as Sanuki, Inzō, and Sai. Takatsuna called himself the Naganuma clan. Nariyuki begot Naritsuna, Narizane, and Shigetoshi. Narizane lived in Kōzuke and called himself the Sonoda clan. Shigetoshi became the Ōgo clan. (Note: ○ Examining the Genpei Seisuiki, among the kin of Ashikaga Tadatsuna there is an Ōgo clan written with different characters, and this is it. The two forms of the name agree in sound and reading.) Naritsuna begot Ietsuna, and Ietsuna begot Toshitsuna, Takatsuna, and Aritsuna. Toshitsuna's son Tadatsuna had a reputation for courage and in the Jishō era belonged to the Taira and attacked Prince Mochihito. He is the so-called Ashikaga Matatarō. (Note: from "Jishō" onward, following the Genpei Seisuiki.) Takatsuna called himself the Yamagami clan. Aritsuna begot Mototsuna, Hirotsuna, and Nobutsuna. Mototsuna called himself the Sano clan, Hirotsuna became the Asonuma clan, and Nobutsuna the Kimura clan. Hidetada, a grandson of Takatsuna, called himself Ōyatami, and one branch of his line includes the Wada clan. Hidetada adopted as heir his maternal grandson Hidemune, a son of Taira-no-Sōmyō. Hidemune's son Hideyasu served Emperor Go-Toba and died in battle in the Jōkyū troubles together with his sons and nephews. There are also clans such as Onodera (Note: ○ Examining the Sudō Keizu, Yoshihiro, a descendant of the Gon-Dainagon Michiie in the fourth generation, lived on the Ashikaga estate in Shimotsuke and called himself the Onodera clan. On this account Onodera is in fact of the same ancestry as the Nasu clan. But when the Seisuiki lists the clans of the Ashikaga, it includes Onodera Zenji Tarō, and the Azuma Kagami has Onodera Saemon-no-jō Hidemichi. Those who use the character Hide in their names were probably descendants of Hidesato. For this reason we record it here.), Naba, Toyako, Furumi, Takaya, and Fukasu, all of them kin of the Ashikaga. (Note: from "There are also" onward, following the Sano Keizu, the Genpei Seisuiki, and the Azuma Kagami.)

¶The Oyama and Yūki clans have a line that descends from Shimotsuke-no-suke (Assistant Governor of Shimotsuke) Yukitaka, a son of Yoriyuki. (Note: ○ The present book says that Yukitaka later changed his name to Muneyuki.) Yukitaka called himself Ōta-no-Taifu and begot Yukimasa. Yukimasa begot Shimotsuke-no-daijō (Senior Third-Rank Official of Shimotsuke) Masamitsu, and Masamitsu called himself the Oyama clan. Masamitsu had three sons, named Tomomasa, Munemasa, and Tomomitsu. Tomomasa became Shimotsuke-no-kami (Governor of Shimotsuke). Munemasa became Awaji-no-kami (Governor of Awaji) and called himself the Nakanuma clan. (Note: ○ The first character of Nakanuma is also written with a different character.) Tomomitsu became Kōzuke-no-suke (Assistant Governor of Kōzuke) and called himself the Yūki clan. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.) The three all belonged to Minamoto-no-Yoritomo and became meritorious retainers of the shogunate. The Oyama clan had lived in Shimotsuke generation after generation since its ancestors, and its kin were the most prosperous. In the Jōgen era, when Minamoto-no-Sanetomo deliberated on changing and reappointing the military governors of the provinces, Tomomasa argued firmly: "Since my remote ancestor Toyosawa became Ōryōshi of the home province, all the governance of the province has been in our sole hands. Since Hidesato received the official order, for thirteen generations it has never been lost. Even in the time of the Udaishō (Yoritomo), we were merely confirmed as before and were not granted any new reward." The hereditary succession of his descendants was therefore permitted. In the Kenchō era his grandson Nagamura was reprimanded and deprived of his post, but he appealed, saying: "From Ise-no-kami Fujinari down to Nagamura, for sixteen generations, we have served as Shimotsuke-no-suke generation after generation, and it has never changed. Now I have been deprived of my post for a trifling fault. I beg you to reconsider." In the end he was able to be reinstated. (Note: following the Azuma Kagami.) Nagamura begot Tokinaga and Masamura. Masamura called himself the Yakushiji clan. After Tokinaga, many of his descendants became governors, secretaries, and Kebiishi (Police Commissioners) of the home province, and so in the world they were called Oyama Hangan. (Note: for Oyama Hangan, following the Taiheiki.) Its kin include the clans of Ōkawado, Kiyohisa, and Takayanagi. The kin of Nakanuma also include clans such as Hakomuro (Note: the second character is also written with a different character) and Minagawa. Tomomitsu's son, the Ōkura-gon-no-shō (Provisional Junior Assistant of the Treasury Ministry) Tomohiro, begot Hirotsuna and Sukehiro. Hirotsuna became Kōzuke-no-suke, and Sukehiro moved to Shirakawa in Mutsu, so that the Yūki clan divided into two main houses. Sukehiro's son Munehiro became Kōzuke-no-suke, exerted himself in the service of the sovereign at the time of the Restoration (the Kenmu Restoration), and his loyalty and fierceness were known to the world. Munehiro begot Chikatomo and Chikamitsu. Chikamitsu died for his loyalty. Chikatomo surrendered to Ashikaga Takauji. (Note: from "moved" onward, the Taiheiki, the Yūki Keizu, and the Yūki Monjo were consulted.) His kin include clans such as Sagae, Yamakawa, Usudo, and Ajido. Yukimasa's younger brother Masaie called himself the Ōkata clan. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.) His son Toshihira lived at Seki in Hitachi and called himself the Seki clan, and adopted his younger brother Masatsuna as heir. Masatsuna's great-great-grandson Munesuke, together with his son Munemasa, received Minamoto-no-Chikafusa in his castle and exerted himself in the imperial cause. When the castle fell, father and son both died for their loyalty. (Note: following the Oyama Keizu, the Yūki Monjo, and the Seki Keizu.) Masamitsu's younger brother Yukiyoshi became Shimokōbe-no-shōji (steward of the Shimokōbe estate) and on this account took Shimokōbe as his clan name. Yukiyoshi had two sons, named Yukihira and Masayoshi. Yukihira too was a meritorious retainer of Yoritomo, and one branch of his line includes the clans of Sachijima and Yamata. Nagamura's younger brother Nagamasa lived in Shimozuma in Hitachi and called himself the Shimozuma clan. (Note: that he lived in Shimozuma in Hitachi is from the Yūki Keizu.) His great-grandson Masayasu, in the Kōkoku era, served Prince Okinaga, held a castle, took the imperial side, and died for his loyalty. (Note: from "great-grandson" onward, following the Yūki Monjo, the Saisho Monjo, and the Enpukuji Kiroku.) Masayoshi called himself the Masuda clan. (Note: ○ The second character of Masuda is also written with a different character.) One branch of it includes the clans of Ogawa and Nogi. Akisuke, Shimotsuke-no-kami and a descendant of Masayoshi in the fifth generation, (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.) in the Engen era plotted together with Yūki Chikamitsu to stab Ashikaga Takauji, but did not succeed and died. (Note: following the Baishōron and the Oyama Keizu.)

¶The Gamō clan descends from Suetoshi, a descendant of Chiharu. (Note: following the Gamō Keizu.) At first Hidesato built a country estate on the Tawara estate in Ōmi, and so called himself Tawara Tōta, and some of his descendants lived in Ōmi. (Note: following the Shinmeikyō. ○ Examining the Yūki Keizu, it makes Tawara a place name in Sagami. The Gamō Gunki says Yamato. For now we follow the present book. Also, the Sonpi Bunmyaku writes Tawara with a different character, but the reading is the same. The Taiheiki and the Gamō Gunki give, as the origin of that name, a story that takes it to mean a rice bale, but that story is fantastic and incoherent and was made up by someone fond of curiosities. For this reason we do not adopt it.) Suetoshi's grandson Toshikata served Minamoto-no-Yoritomo and was granted Gamō District in the home province as a fief. His son Toshinobu called himself the Gamō clan. (Note: from "served Yoritomo" onward, following the Asaba-bon Gamō Keizu.) His kin include the clans of Wada, Odani, Giga, Ino, Fuse, Komatsuki, Saji, Aoyama, Iwamuro, Hissa, Muromoto, and others. Hidetomo, a descendant of Toshinobu in the fifth generation, became a vassal of the Ashikaga. (Note: following the Gamō Keizu. That he became a vassal of the Ashikaga is from the Asaba-bon.) The descendants of Hidesato also include the Naka and Edo clans, whose line descends from Kinmichi, a descendant of Hidesato in the fifth generation. Kinmichi begot Michinao, and Michinao moved to Naka District in Hitachi, and his son Michisuke called himself the Naka clan. His descendant in the seventh generation, Michitoki, belonged to Kusunoki Masaie, took the imperial side, and fought rebels in Hitachi, but afterward his kin all died for their loyalty. (Note: following the Tomura-bon Satake Kafu. The Yakuōin Monjo and the Seionji Monjo were consulted.) Michitoki's son Michiyasu surrendered to Ashikaga Takauji and was granted the Edo village of the same district as a fief. Michiyasu's son Michitaka changed to the Edo clan. (Note: following the Tomura-bon Edo Keizu.)

¶The Southern House (Nanke) is so called because the residence of the Sadaijin Muchimaro stood south of the residence of Fusasaki. Its kin also flourished, almost next to the Northern House. Muchimaro begot Toyonari, Nakamaro, Otomaro, and Kosemaro. Toyonari became Udaijin, and his great-great-grandson, the Sangi Yasunori, achieved merit by attacking the Emishi in the Gangyō era and was called a distinguished minister. Nakamaro was none other than Emi-no-Oshikatsu. Kosemaro became Sangi and was put to death at the same time as Nakamaro. Kosemaro begot Kuromaro, Masaku, and Sadatsugu. Kuromaro became Inaba-no-kami (Governor of Inaba), and his descendants rose to eminent office generation after generation. His descendant in the sixth generation, the Uma-no-kami Yasumasa, was famous for his martial skill. Masaku became governor of provinces such as Iwami and Awa, and among his descendants too there were those who attained eminent office. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Takakura house descends from the Chūnagon Sadatsugu, a son of Kosemaro. Sadatsugu's great-great-grandson Tadafumi became Harima-no-kami (Governor of Harima) and begot Nagayori (Kōtaigōgū-gon-no-daibu, Provisional Master of the Empress Dowager's Household). Nagayori called himself Yamanoi. His grandson, the Daigaku-no-kami (Head of the University) Sanenori, begot Suekane and Suetsuna. Suetsuna likewise became Daigaku-no-kami and begot Tomozane and Sanekane. Tomozane became Kageyu-no-sukē (Vice-Director of the Office of Audit) and begot Yoshikane. Yoshikane begot Norisue. Tomozane, Yoshikane, and Norisue all became Shikibu-no-shō (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonial). Because Norisue was the maternal grandfather of Emperor Juntoku, he was posthumously granted the rank of Sadaijin. This was the founder of the Takakura house. Sanekane became Kaga-no-jō (Third-Rank Official of Kaga) and begot Michinori. Michinori was none other than the Shōnagon-nyūdō (lay monk) Shinzei, and among his descendants there were some fairly well-known figures. One branch of his line includes the Daidōji clan. Michinori once lived at Daidōji in Tawara in Yamashiro, and his descendants took their clan name from it. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku. From "One branch" onward, following the Kan'ei Keizu.)

¶The Atsuta Daigūji (Chief Priest of Atsuta) descends from Suekane, a son of Sanenori. Suekane became Owari Mokudai (Deputy Governor of Owari), took as his wife the daughter of Owari-no-Sanemoto, the Atsuta Daigūji, and begot Suenori. Sanemoto later conferred his post on Suenori, and from this point the Daigūji became Fujiwara. (Note: from Suekane onward, the Gyokuyōshū was consulted.) Masayoshi, a descendant of Suenori in the seventh generation, exerted himself for the imperial house in the reign of Emperor Go-Daigo. His kin include clans such as Noda, Hoshino, Senshū, Hachiya, Shinoda, Nagayama, Hinaga, Awataguchi, Tera, Fukai, and Sato. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The clans of Kudō, Kanō, Itō, Nikaidō, Endō, and Sagara all descend from the Sangi Otomaro, a son of Muchimaro. Kiyonatsu, the Sashōben (Minor Controller of the Left) and a descendant of Otomaro in the fifth generation, begot Hitachi-no-suke and Sanuki-no-kami (Governor of Sanuki) Koreoki. Koreoki's son Tamenori achieved merit by subduing rebels in the Tengyō era, (Note: from "Tengyō" onward, following the Shōmonki.) and because he became Moku-no-suke (Assistant of the Bureau of Carpentry) he called himself Kudō. Tamenori begot Tokimichi, and Tokimichi begot Tokinobu and Korekage. The brothers both became Suruga-no-kami (Governor of Suruga). Korekage begot Izu Ōryōshi (Police Commissioner of Izu) Koremoto, whose son Koretsugu called himself the Kanō clan and begot Ietsugu. Ietsugu had four sons, named Suketsugu, Sukeie, Iemitsu, and Shigemitsu. Suketsugu begot Suketsune and Sukeshige. Suketsune became Saemon-no-jō, his descendants called themselves the Itō clan, and they became a considerably prosperous house. (Note: from "his descendants" onward, following the Itō Keizu.) Sukeshige called himself the Usami clan. Sukeie begot Sukechika, and Sukechika called himself the Kawazu clan. (Note: ○ The present book writes the second character of Sukechika with a different character. For now we follow the Azuma Kagami. The present book says that Sukeie was in fact a son of Kutsumi Nyūdō Jakuren. According to the Soga Monogatari, Jakuren was probably of the same kin.) Sukechika begot Sukeyasu and Sukekiyo. (Note: ○ The present book writes the second character of Sukeyasu with a different character, and Sukekiyo is also written with another character. For now we follow the Azuma Kagami.) Sukekiyo called himself the Itō clan. Sukeyasu was killed by Suketsune. His surviving children, Sukenari and Tokimune, were reared by Soga Sukenobu and later struck down Suketsune and avenged their father. (Note: from "surviving children" onward, following the Soga Monogatari.) Iemitsu's son Ietoshi lived in Shinano and called himself the Hayashi clan. Shigemitsu became Izu-no-suke (Assistant Governor of Izu), and his descendants succeeded to that post generation after generation and called themselves Kanō-no-suke. Those of the Kanō kin who lived in Kaga became jitō (estate stewards) of the two estates of Fukuda and Wakamatsu generation after generation and were called the Kanō band, and include clans such as Fukuda, Shikiji, Yamagishi, and Ueki. In the Kenmu era they belonged to the imperial army and achieved merit by attacking Nagoe Tokikane. (Note: from "Kanō kin" onward, following the Taiheiki and the Kanō-shi Monjo.) Tokinobu begot Korekiyo and Koretō. After Korekiyo there are clans such as Funakoshi, Irie, Hara, Hashizume, Nakashō, Kuno, Okabe (Note: the second character is also written with a different character), Okitsu (Note: the first character is also written with a different character), Ōta, Nobe, Kanbara, Ikeya, Ikegoe (Note: the present book writes the first character with a different character, but we now follow the printed edition), Shibukawa, Kikkō (Note: the second character is also written with a different character), and others. Kikkō Tomokane, a descendant of Korekiyo in the fifth generation, was famous for his courage. (Note: that he was famous for his courage is from the Azuma Kagami.) In the Kenmu era there was Irie Harunori, who became jitō of the Irie estate in Suruga, led his kin, joined the imperial army, and achieved merit. (Note: from "Kenmu" onward, following the Taiheiki, the Kinshō-in text of the Taiheiki, and the Baishōron.) Koretō likewise became Suruga-no-kami. His great-grandson Yukitō called himself the Shirao clan and begot Yukimasa. Yukimasa served Minamoto-no-Yoritomo and became Mandokoro Shitsuji (Chief of the Administrative Board), and his descendants were eminent in Kamakura generation after generation and called themselves the Nikaidō clan. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku. That they were eminent generation after generation is from the Azuma Kagami and the Taiheiki.)

¶The Endō and Sagara clans are both descendants of Tamenori. Tamenori once became Tōtōmi-no-kami (Governor of Tōtōmi), and his great-great-grandson Korekane likewise became Tōtōmi-no-kami, and on this account they called themselves the Endō clan. Korekane's grandsons were called Chikatoki and Chikayori. Chikatoki was called Endō-no-suke, and Chikayori lived on the Sagara estate, and his descendants became the Sagara clan. (Note: following the Manke Keifu and various genealogies.) Nagauji, a descendant of Chikayori in the eighth generation, took the imperial side in the Kōkoku era and achieved merit. His great-grandson Sakiyori was granted the post of Hizen shugo (Military Governor of Hizen) in the Genchū era, and his descendants belonged to the Ashikaga. (Note: following the Kan'ei Keizu. ○ The Endō Keizu says that when Fujiwara-no-Tadafumi, in the third year of Tengyō, received an edict to attack Taira-no-Masakado, he begot a son on the road at Yakikaze village in Tōtōmi, who was called Yakikaze Saburō; and that Kintoki's son Tamekata was called Endō Rokurō. It also says that Tōtōmi-no-kami Kintoki received an imperial order of "Great Endō" in reward for his father Tadafumi's merit in subduing the rebels. This account is doubtful. Tadafumi, on receiving the order to attack the rebels, threw down his chopsticks and stood up; how could he have brought his family along with the army? Moreover, it is not known what the "imperial order of Great Endō" means. For this reason we adopt neither.) There is also the Amano clan, which descends from Kagemitsu, a descendant of Tamenori. Kagemitsu lived in Izu and called himself Amano Tōnai. His son Tōkage served Minamoto-no-Yoritomo. In the time of the Kenmu Restoration, Masasada, a kinsman of Tsuneaki, a descendant of Tōkage in the fourth generation, belonged to Nitta Yoshisada and achieved merit. Tsuneaki later surrendered to Ashikaga Takauji. (Note: following the Amano Keizu. The Sano-bon Amano Keizu was consulted.) At about the same time there was Kudō Shōji Chikamitsu, who likewise belonged to Takauji, was granted Ano District in Ise, and, because he lived at Nagano, called himself the Nagano clan. (Note: following the Ise Kokushi Denki.)

¶The Ceremonial House (Shikike) is so called because Umakai was Shikibu-kyō. Umakai begot Hirotsugu, Yoshitsugu, Kiyonari, Tsunate, Momokawa, and Kurajimaro. Hirotsugu became Dazai-no-daini (Senior Vice-Governor of Dazaifu), plotted to purge the sovereign's entourage and raised troops, but was put to death. Yoshitsugu became Naidaijin and, together with the Chūnagon Tanetsugu, a son of Kiyonari, made a name. (Note: ○ Examining the Shoku Nihongi, Tanetsugu's son Yumori was struck from the registers for an offense. In the reign of Emperor Kanmu he was granted the surname Ide-no-Sukune. But no descendants appear, so for now it is appended here.) Momokawa became Sangi and Chūei-taishō and begot the Sadaijin Otsugu. His great-grandson Tadafumi became Seitō Shōgun (General for Pacifying the East) in the Tengyō era. (Note: ○ It is sometimes written as Sei'i.) Kurajimaro became Konoe-taishō (General of the Konoe) and was the founder of the literary and Confucian tradition in the Shikike. Kurajimaro begot Tadanushi and Tadatsugu. Tadatsugu became Hyōbu-kyō (Minister of Military Affairs) and begot the Chūnagon Yoshino. Among his descendants there were those who continued the Hino house, which likewise had a name for literary learning. Tadanushi became Chūnagon. His descendant in the sixth generation, Higo-no-kami (Governor of Higo) Atsunobu, begot the Daigaku-no-kami Akihira, and Akihira begot Atsumoto and Atsumitsu. Both became Shikibu-no-taifu. Father and son were all famous for their broad learning, and their descendants made Confucian studies their family occupation generation after generation. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Capital House (Kyōke) is so called because Maro concurrently served as Sakyō-daibu. Fuyuo, his great-grandson, attained the most eminent office. (Note: following the Sonpi Bunmyaku.)

¶The Hattori clan bears the surname Muraji. They are descendants of Ame-no-Mihoko-no-Mikoto, a grandson in the eleventh generation of Ame-no-Minakanushi-no-Mikoto, and have Yamato as their registered domicile. There are also those descended from Mara-no-Sukune, a grandson in the twelfth generation of Higi-no-Hayahi-no-Mikoto, who have Settsu and Kawachi as their registered domicile. In the reign of Emperor Ingyō they were appointed to the Oribe-no-tsukasa (Weaving Office) and had charge of the weavers of the various provinces, and for this reason they were called Hattori-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The Tōdaiji Shōsōin Monjo says that in the Tenpyō era there was Hattori-no-Obito Yachikoku, a man of Tsuu District in Bitchū. The surname Obito too was probably of the same kin.) The descendants of Ame-no-Mihoko became Kambe (priestly attendants) of the Daijingū generation after generation, had charge of weaving the sacred garments and offering them for the rites, and their kin were called the Kamuhatori clan. In the reign of Emperor Takakura there were Ō-Kambe Kamuhatori-no-Muraji Michinao and Shō-Kambe Toshimasa of the same surname. (Note: following the Jingū Zōreishū.) Among the descendants of Ame-no-Hoakari-no-Mikoto, the Heavenly Grandchild, there is also a Kamuhatori-no-Muraji, but this is of a different kin. (Note: ○ Examining the Nihon Kōki, in the reign of Emperor Kanmu Hattori-no-Matsumori and others, men of Oki, were granted the surname Omi. Because the origin of those of the Omi surname is not clear, they are appended here for now.)

¶The Hitozura clan has Ame-no-Yachiyochihime-no-Mikoto as its ancestor. In the age of remote antiquity, Yachiyochihime took mulberry leaves from Ame-no-Kaguyama, raised silkworms, and made thread. The Heavenly Ancestor then made Ame-no-Mihoko-no-Mikoto the head of the work and Yachiyochihime the weaver, and had them weave august garments and present them. Even after she followed the Imperial Grandchild down to the lower world, she still provided this service. Among her descendants, the women were called Oriko (weavers) and the men were called Hitozura. They served the Great Shrine generation after generation and had charge of the rites of the sacred garments. In the reign of Emperor Takakura there was Hitozura Shigetsugu, who was one of this kin. (Note: following the Shinmei Hisho and the Jingū Zōreishū.)

¶The Mitashiro clan bears the surname Obito and has Yamato as its registered domicile. It descends from Ame-no-Morokami-no-Mikoto, a grandson in the tenth generation of Ame-no-Minakanushi-no-Mikoto. (Note: ○ Examining the Tōdaiji Shōsōin Monjo, in the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Mitashiro-no-Atai Otsuna, Owari Shishō (Clerk of Owari). The surname Atai may also be of the same kin. For now it is appended here.)

¶The Kamubito clan has Kawachi as its registered domicile and descends from Kahira-no-Mikoto, of the same ancestry as the Mitashiro-no-Obito. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The first character of Kahira is also written with a different character.)

¶The Kobe clan (Note: the first character is also written with a different character) bears the surname Sukune and descends from Ame-no-Minakanushi-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Kobe-no-Muraji were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Kobe Sadamoto, a man of Kuse District in Yamashiro and Shishō (Clerk) of the Zōheishi (Arsenal Office), and Ujio of the same surname, Shishō of the Tonomoryō (Palace Household Office), and others were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Kobe-no-Sukune Yoshikage, Kai-gon-no-jō (Provisional Third-Rank Official of Kai). (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.)

¶The Kamori, Zense, and Moribe clans and the Makimuku Kannushi (shrine priest) are all descendants of Furutama-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. The source writes the second character of Furutama with a variant form; read here as Furutama, in accord with the following entries.)

¶The Kamori clan (Note: sometimes written with a different character, as Kamon) descends from Ame-no-Oshihito-no-Mikoto, a grandson of Furutama in the fourth generation. (Note: ○ The Kujiki makes Sakitama-no-Mikoto, a son of Furutama-no-Mikoto, the ancestor of the Kamori-no-Muraji.) There are those with the surname Sukune, who have Kawachi as their registered domicile; those with the surname Muraji, who have the Left Capital and Kawachi and Izumi as their registered domicile; those with the surname Miyatsuko, who have Kawachi as their registered domicile; and those without a surname, who have Yamato as their registered domicile. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) At first Ame-no-Oshihito served Hikonagisa-take-ugayafukiaezu-no-Mikoto in the Sea Palace, made a broom, and swept away the crabs, and so took this as his duty and was called Kanimori (crab-keeper). (Note: following the Kogo Shūi.) His descendants supervised the affairs of sweeping generation after generation. In the reign of Emperor Yūryaku they were granted the surname Kamori-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Kamori-no-Muraji were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Monmu there was Kamon-no-Sukune Agaru, a district official of Sagara District in Yamashiro. In the reign of Emperor Shōmu, Hiroyama and others, men of Settsu of the Lesser Initial Rank Lower of the Kamori-no-Muraji kin, had the character for "kin" removed from their names. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) There are also those with the surname Obito, probably of the same kin. In the Tenpyō era there were Kamon-no-Obito Otomi and others, men of Izumo. (Note: following the Tōdaiji Shōsōin Monjo.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Kamon Chikasuke, Oribe-no-jō (Third-Rank Official of the Weaving Office). (Note: following the Geki Nikki.) In the reign of Emperor Toba there was Kamon-no-Sukune Nagayuki, Izumi-gon-no-jō (Provisional Third-Rank Official of Izumi). (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.)

¶The Zense clan descends from the Kamori-no-Muraji. In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Kamori-no-Muraji Toyonaga, a man of Kawachi and Usōshi (Junior Scribe of the Right), and Toyokami of the same kin, Shō-tenyaku (Junior Keeper of Keys), and others were granted the surname Zense-no-Sukune. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.)

¶The Moribe clan bears the surname Muraji and has Kawachi as its registered domicile. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu, Kaji-no-Miyatsuko Ōsumi was granted Moribe-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa there was Moribe-no-Hidetoji, a virtuous wife of Ikeda District in Mino. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Moribe-no-Muraji Tadakane, Settsu-shōjō (Junior Third-Rank Official of Settsu), and at the same time Moribe-no-Sukune Mochinari, Sanuki-no-jō (Third-Rank Official of Sanuki). In the reign of Emperor Konoe there was Moribe-no-Sukune Shigeeda, Bungo-shōsakan (Junior Fourth-Rank Official of Bungo). (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.) The surname Sukune was probably also of the same kin.

¶The Makimuku Kannushi descends from Ame-no-Oshitatsu-no-Mikoto, a son of Furutama. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Takamiya Kannushi are descendants of Ame-no-Takekawa-no-Mikoto, a son of Yorozutama-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Saeki clan bears the surname Miyatsuko and has the Right Capital as its registered domicile. It descends from Ame-no-Oshihito-no-Mikoto, a grandson of Ame-no-Ikazuchi-no-Kami. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ It is suspected that this Ame-no-Oshihito is the same person as the Ame-no-Oshihito written with different characters above.) When Emperor Yūryaku killed Prince Ichinobe-no-Oshiwa, Saeki-be Urawa, an attendant of the prince's household, (Note: the present book says that he was also called Nakako.) wept and wailed in grief, clung to the corpse and would not leave it, and was in the end killed. When Emperor Ninken came to the throne, he sought out the Saeki-be who had been scattered and lost among the provinces and made the descendants of Urawa the Saeki-no-Miyatsuko. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.)

¶The Kamuoumi clan bears the surname Muraji and has the Right Capital as its registered domicile. It descends from Ame-no-Monoshiri-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The Kujiki makes this clan a descendant of Ame-no-Yasakahiko-no-Mikoto.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku, Kamuoumi-no-Muraji Tarimaro, a man of the Left Capital of Senior Sixth Rank Upper, and Hirome of the same surname, a man of the Right Capital, and twenty-six others were granted Sukune, but soon reverted to the surname Muraji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.)

¶The Ise-Oumi clan bears the surname Kimi and descends from Nagashirahane-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Kogo Shūi. The surname Kimi is from the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Sujin there was an Ise-Oumi-no-Kimi. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Monmu, Oumi-no-Toyotari, who held no rank, was made uji-no-kami (clan head) and Ōnie was made his assistant. These were probably also of this kin. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) There is also the Hirose Kamuoumi-no-Muraji, who descend from Ame-no-Chihayahi-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Ise Kamuoumi clan bears the surname Muraji, is sometimes called simply Oumi-no-Muraji, and is also called Take-no-Muraji. (Note: ○ Take is also written with a different character.) It descends from Ame-no-Yasakahiko-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Kujiki. The Daijingū Gishikichō, the Ryō no Gige, and the Yamatohime-no-Mikoto Seiki were consulted.) When Yamatohime-no-Mikoto enshrined the Great Deity in Ise, she had the Kamuoumi clan weave aratae (coarse cloth garments) and provide them for the rites. (Note: following the Yamatohime-no-Mikoto Seiki.) At that time Yoshihiko, a son of Ukano-hiko of Asaka Agata, served in presenting the sacred food offerings. This was the ancestor of the Take-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Daijingū Gishikichō and the Yamatohime-no-Mikoto Seiki. ○ Muraji is also written as Obito.) The place where the Kamuoumi clan lived was called Oumi village. (Note: following the Yamatohime-no-Mikoto Seiki.) In the reign of Emperor Kōtoku, Oumi-no-Muraji Hirose and others first established Take District in the home province. The court made Hirose the Tokuryō (district supervisor), and on this account he was called Take-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Daijingū Gishikichō and the Yamatohime-no-Mikoto Seiki.) In the reign of Empress Kōken there was Take-no-Obito Otome of Junior Fifth Rank Lower, who became the Empress's wet-nurse and changed her surname to Sukune. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. ○ Otome is also written with a different character for the first element.) In the reign of Emperor Yōzei there was Oumi-no-Muraji Kimi (whose personal name is not recorded), acting District Magistrate of Take District, and at the same time Take-no-Obito Motofuji, District Magistrate. (Note: following the Ise Chikahasedera Denchi Kanroku.)

¶The Uneo clan bears the surname Muraji and has the Left Capital as its registered domicile. It descends from Kuni-no-Kotoshiro-no-Mikoto, a son of Ame-no-Kotoshiro-no-Mikoto. (Note: ○ Examining the Kujiki, it makes Ame-no-Kotoyuhiko-no-Mikoto the ancestor of the Torio-no-Muraji. The character for "Tori" is probably an error for the character for "Une." "Ame-no-Kotoyu" and "Ame-no-Kotoshiro" are close in reading and are probably the same deity. Added for reference.)

¶The Kure clan bears the surname Kimi and has Yamashiro as its registered domicile. It descends from Kōtaomi-no-Mikoto, a grandson in the thirteenth generation of Ame-no-Tasuke-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Kawakare clan bears the surname Obito and has Izumi as its registered domicile. It descends from Ameishabito-no-Mikoto, a grandson in the fourth generation of Amekagiomote-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Junna, Kawakare-no-Obito Katsunari, Hanji-shōsakan (Junior Clerk of the Judges' Office), took part in the compilation of the Ryō no Gige. (Note: following the preface to the Ryō no Gige.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa there was Kawakare-no-Obito Yoshimori, a man of Izumi. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.)

¶The Jingūbe clan bears the surname Miyatsuko and has Yamashiro as its registered domicile. It descends from Ame-no-Yaburi-no-Mikoto, the deity who descended from heaven to Inoishioka in Katsuragi. His descendant in the sixth generation, Yoshitarihi-no-Mikoto, in the reign of Emperor Sujin received an edict, worshipped Ōmononushi-no-Kami, and drove away calamity. The Emperor commended his merit and granted him the surname Miyanome-no-Kimi. By the time of the Kōgo Nenjaku he was recorded as Jingūbe-no-Miyatsuko. In the Tenpyō-Hōji era there was Jingūbe-no-Miyatsuko Abito, district official of Uji District in Yamato. (Note: from "Tenpyō" onward, following the Tōdaiji Komonjo.)

¶The Ōtahafuriyama clan bears the surname Atai and has Yamashiro as its registered domicile. It descends from Ame-no-Nikishi-no-Mikoto, a son of Ame-no-Eda-no-Mikoto. In the reign of Emperor Saga there was Ōtahafuriyama-no-Atai Otari of Junior Seventh Rank Lower, who took part in the compilation of the Shinsen Shōjiroku. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Yubu-Ōi clan has Yamato as its registered domicile. It descends from Ōmara-no-Mikoto, a grandson in the eighth generation of Ame-no-Mihono-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Sarume-no-Kimi clan has Ame-no-Uzume-no-Mikoto as its ancestor. When the Imperial Grandchild descended to the Central Land, the Great Deity Sarutahiko welcomed him at the crossroads of heaven. The Imperial Grandchild found this strange and first sent Ame-no-Uzume to question him, and only then had him act as guide. For this reason Ame-no-Uzume was granted the title Sarume-no-Kimi, and her descendants had charge of the kagura (sacred music and dance) generation after generation. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Kogo Shūi.) In the reign of Emperor Temmu there was the toneri (attendant) Hieda-no-Are, who was a descendant of Ame-no-Uzume. (Note: following the preface to the Nihongi Shiki. ○ Examining this: Uzume is a female deity and could not have had descendants of her own. Probably Uzume was originally a woman of a certain divine kin whose name was the most famous, and in later ages her kin supplied sarume (dancing women) and carried on the work of their ancestor; hence they took Uzume as their ancestor. An official order of the fourth year of Kōnin in the Ruijū Sandaikyaku says that the fields maintaining the sarume were in Wani village in Ōmi and Ono village in Yamashiro. "Now, the Ono-no-Omi and the Wanibe-no-Omi and others, though already not of that clan, supply sarume because they covet the profit of the fields. Hereafter let sarume from these two clans be permanently stopped. Let one person of the Sarume-no-Kimi clan be fixed and presented to the Nuidonoryō (Sewing Office), and let vacancies be filled at once, and make this the regular practice." The Saigūki says that in the twentieth year of Engi the Nuidonoryō stated: "As sarume, let Hieda-no-Fukusadako fill the vacancy left by the late Hieda-no-Umiko." On this account the sarume were in fact supplied by the Hieda clan. Probably the Hieda were the original kin, and because they supplied sarume generation after generation, they too took Uzume as their ancestor. The Saigūki also records that the Takahashi clan supplied sarume. It is not clear which kin the Takahashi were. Both are appended for reference.)

¶The Kagamitsukuri clan bears the surname Muraji and descends from Ame-no-Nukato-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Kogo Shūi.) In the eleventh year of Emperor Temmu, the Kagamitsukuri-no-Miyatsuko were granted the surname Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki. ○ The Nihon Ryōiki has Kagamitsukuri-no-Miyatsuko Yorozu, a man of Tōchi District in Yamato, but his date is not clear. Yet that this kin lived in Yamato was probably also for a long time.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of the ten provinces of Aki, Hakugi, Asaka, Omoi, Iku, Fukaha (Note: the corresponding entry below writes the first character differently, Someha), Shinobu, Shirakawa, Sado, and Numa are all descendants of Ame-no-Yutsuhiko-no-Mikoto. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Aki Kuni-no-Miyatsuko: Akuhayatama-no-Mikoto, a grandson in the fifth generation of Ame-no-Yutsuhiko, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kujiki. ○ Ame-no-Yutsuhiko is also written with different characters.)

¶The Hakugi Kuni-no-Miyatsuko is of the same ancestry as the Aki Kuni-no-Miyatsuko. Toyotamane-no-Mikoto, a grandson of Kanahasahiko, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Sujin. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Asaka Kuni-no-Miyatsuko: Hitone, a grandson in the tenth generation of Ame-no-Yutsuhiko, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Omoi Kuni-no-Miyatsuko: Shikumahiko, a grandson in the tenth generation of Ame-no-Yutsuhiko, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kujiki. ○ Examining this: the location of Omoi Province is not clear. The character for "Omoi" is probably an error for the character for "Shinobu," and "Shinobu" (to endure) and "Shinobu" (the place name) agree in sound and reading. Since a Shinobu Kuni-no-Miyatsuko appears below, this was probably listed twice. Moreover, the names "Shikumahiko" and "Kushiima" are similar, and probably a later copyist's transcription produced this error, just as "Musashi" is listed twice under two different writings. Added to await later investigation.)

¶The Iku Kuni-no-Miyatsuko: Toyoshima-no-Mikoto, a grandson in the tenth generation of Ō-Yutsuhiko, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Someha Kuni-no-Miyatsuko: Tarihiko-no-Mikoto, a grandson in the tenth generation of Ame-no-Yutsuhiko, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Shinobu Kuni-no-Miyatsuko is of the same ancestry as the Aki Kuni-no-Miyatsuko. Kuma-no-Atai, a grandson of Kushiimano-Mikoto, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Shirakawa Kuni-no-Miyatsuko: Shioinoiji-no-Atai, a grandson in the eleventh generation of Ame-no-Yutsuhiko, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Sado Kuni-no-Miyatsuko: Ōaraki-no-Atai, a grandson in the fourth generation of Kushiima, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kujiki.)

¶The Numa Kuni-no-Miyatsuko: Wakamio-no-Mikoto, a grandson in the third generation of Akuhayatama, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Ōjin. (Note: following the Kujiki.)