Treatise 17: Deities of Heaven and Earth XVII: Shrines XII

¶Tanba

¶Kuwata District (19 shrines)

¶Izumo Shrine (Note: it now stands in Izumo village and is called Chitose-sha). It is said to be an enshrinement, by division, of the deity of Izumo Taisha (Note: following the Tsurezuregusa. The Ichinomiya Ki says it enshrines Mihotsuhime-no-Mikoto, and the Jinmyōchō Tōchū gives Amatsuhikone-no-Mikoto and Mihotsuhime-no-Mikoto. According to the shrine's own tradition, the two seats of the main shrine enshrine Susanoo-no-Mikoto and Kushinadahime-no-Mikoto, and the two seats of the Kami-no-Omae enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto and Mihotsuhime-no-Mikoto. These are added together for reference). In the second year of Wadō (709), a shrine was founded (Note: following the Chitose-sha Monjo). In the ninth year of Kōnin (818), it was ranked among the shrines of renowned deities (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In the twelfth year of Jōwa (845), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the fourteenth year of Jōgan (872), it advanced from Junior Fourth Rank Lower to Junior Fourth Rank Upper, and in the fourth year of Gangyō (880) it was raised by a further rank (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). In the tenth year of Engi (910), it rose to Senior Fourth Rank Upper (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). When the Engishiki was drawn up, it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki). Later it was called the Ichinomiya (First Shrine) of Tanba Province (Note: following the Azuma Kagami, the Chitose-sha Monjo and the Ichinomiya Ki). In the second year of Manju (1025), when an imperial command had the provincial governor ward off the calamity of drought, there was a miraculous response (Note: following the Sakeiki). In the third year of Juei (1184), Tamai Sukeshige encroached on the shrine's lands, and so the Retired Emperor Go-Shirakawa ordered Minamoto-no-Yoritomo to prohibit it (Note: following the Azuma Kagami). In the fifth year of Ōan (1292), Senior First Rank was added (Note: following the Go-Saionji Shōkoku Ki).

¶Ogawatsuki Shrine (Note: it was originally in Ogawa village, but has now been moved to Umaji village). In the first year of Jōgan (859), it advanced from Junior Fifth Rank Lower to Junior Fifth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Kuwata Shrine (Note: it now stands in Yamamoto village and is called Uketa Myōjin. According to the field register of this shrine, the lands around the shrine are all called Kuwata). It enshrines Ōyamakui-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Uketa-sha Denki). The tradition says that in the distant past, when seawater flooded the whole land, Ōnamuchi-no-Kami came with eight companion deities and consulted on how to control the water. Ōyamakui himself took up a spade, pierced the rocks of the mountain and cut a channel for the water, and so made level ground for the first time. The people of the land worshipped that spade as a divine spirit (Note: following the Kuwayama-sha Engi, the Uketa-sha Denki and the Razan Bunshū).

¶Miyake Shrine (Note: it now stands in Miyake village and is called Miyake Inari).

¶Miagata Shrine.

¶Kamino Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kannon village and is called Shimogamo-no-Miya. Kannon is probably a corruption of Kamino). It enshrines Kamino-Igakoyahime-no-Mikoto, consort of Kamo-no-Takekotsunumi-no-Kami (Note: following the Kamo Engi quoted in the Shūchūshō, the Yamashiro Fudoki quoted in the Shaku Nihongi, and the Jinmyōchō Tōchū).

¶Yamakuni Shrine (Note: it now stands in Torii village in the Yamakuni estate, and is called Ichinomiya Myōjin; it is the tutelary shrine of the eight villages of the estate). It is said to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the account of the local people).

¶Atago Shrine (Note: also written with other characters, and the first character is also written differently. It now stands on the Asahi peak on Mount Atago in Kadono District of Yamashiro Province. According to tradition, it was first in Kokubu village in this district, was later moved east of Takagamine in Atago District of Yamashiro Province, and then moved to its present site). It is said to enshrine Kagutsuchi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Jingi Shūi and the legends of this shrine). Ikazuchi-no-Kami and Hamushi-no-Kami are enshrined alongside (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku and the records of this shrine. The reading of Hamushi is close to hani, "clay," and it is probably Haniyasu-no-Kami). In the sixth year of Jōgan (864), the deity Atago, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper, was granted Junior Fifth Rank Lower, and in the fourteenth year was raised by a further rank. In the third year of Gangyō (879) it advanced to Junior Fourth Rank Lower, and in the fourth year Ikazuchi-no-Kami and Hamushi-no-Kami were both granted Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Obata Shrine (Note: it now stands in Anō village and is called Obata Myōjin).

¶Hashirida Shrine (Note: it now stands in Amarube village in the Hashirida district).

¶Matsuo Shrine (Note: it now stands in Asahi village and is called Matsuo Myōjin). It enshrines Ōyamakui-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Jinmyōchō Tōchū).

¶Idate Shrine (Note: it now stands within the precincts of Hōzō-ji in Utsune village). It is said to enshrine Itakeru-no-Mikoto (Note: following the shrine's tradition).

¶Ōi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Namikawa village and is called Ōi Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Ichikishimahime-no-Mikoto, who is worshipped at the Matsuo shrine in Yamashiro. This deity once came up the Ōi River from Yamashiro to this place, and for that reason was enshrined here (Note: following the legend of the local people).

¶Ishiho Shrine.

¶Yono Shrine (Note: it now stands in Tera village and is called Yono Myōjin). It is said to enshrine the two deities Kotoshironushi and Takeminakata (Note: following the account of the local people). In the second year of Ninna (886), it advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku. The original text writes the name with a different character, but here it has been corrected following the Shinkaiki).

¶Taki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Mukōyama village and is called Taki Myōjin).

¶Murayama Shrine (Note: it now stands in Mori village and is called Murayama Myōjin). It enshrines Ōyamatsumi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Jinmyōchō Tōchū).

¶Kuwayama Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kami-Yata village and is called Kuwayama Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto. In the distant past a flood enveloped the mountains and the fields could not be brought under control. Ōnamuchi, together with the eight deities who followed him, climbed Mount Kurogara, surveyed the lie of the land in detail, and saw that there was a gorge to the east which, if cut open, would let the water drain away. He therefore took up a hoe himself and cut through the gorge, and the water withdrew and left level ground. For this reason the people enshrined Ōnamuchi and called him the Great Deity of Kuwayama (Note: following the Kuwayama-sha Engi).

¶Hieda-no Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "no" is absent beneath the character for "da." It now stands at Hiedano in Saeki village and is called Hieda Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Nozuchi-no-Kami (Note: following the account of the local people). The above seventeen shrines were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Funai District (10 shrines)

¶Make Shrine (Note: it now stands in Make village). It is said to enshrine Ōmikesutsuhiko-no-Mikoto (Note: following the shrine's tradition). In the fourth year of Jingo-keiun (770), one household of fief in Tanba Province was assigned to it (Note: following the Shinshō Kyakuchokufu). In the second year of Ninju (852), an imperial envoy was sent to present offerings (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku). In the first year of Jōgan (859), it advanced from Junior Fifth Rank Lower to Junior Fifth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Funai Shrine (Note: it now stands in Funaeda village). It is said to enshrine the Three Deities of Sumiyoshi (Note: following the Takegami Kakei). Generally a place where ships are moored is called a funai ("ship-berth"). Sumiyoshi is precisely the deity that protects ships (Note: following the Engishiki. Funai, the district name, and funai, "ship-berth," share the same reading).

¶Shidahi Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "hi" is written with a different character).

¶Izushi-Ikaiwabe Shrine (Note: in some texts a variant character is written as "iwa." It now stands in Sone village, and the shrine called Ikaruga-sha is probably this one. According to the Wamyōshō there is a Izuka township; Izuka and Izushi share the same reading, so this shrine probably bears the name of the township).

¶Shima-Mononobe Shrine.

¶Hatahisa Shrine (Note: it now stands in Hidokoro village and is called Himuro-Hata Kyū-ryōsho Myōjin. According to the Jinmyōchō Tōchū, this deity first appeared during the Wadō era (708-715) and was granted Junior Third Rank in the Saikō era (854-857). But since no reliable evidence has yet been found, it is added here for reference).

¶Shiwaka Shrine (Note: it now stands in Shiwaga village).

¶Benaki Shrine.

¶Sakajishi Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "ji" is written as "numa." It now stands in Sannomiya village and is called Shijimi Myōjin. The shrine grounds adjoin Shijimi village). It is said to enshrine Izanagi-no-Mikoto and Izanami-no-Mikoto (Note: following the shrine's own account).

¶Tanuma Shrine (Note: it now stands in Tono village and is called Taji Myōjin. One of "numa" and "ji" seems to be an error). Under the Engi regulations all nine seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Taki District (9 shrines)

¶Kushiiwamado Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: it now stands in Fukui village in the Ōimo estate and is called Iwamado Myōjin; it is the tutelary deity of the estate). It enshrines the two deities Kushiiwamado-no-Kami and Toyoiwamado-no-Kami. When Amaterasu-Ōmikami first dwelt at the Yosa Palace in Tanba, these two deities followed her and guarded the palace gate, and so were enshrined (Note: following the Kojiki and the Yamatohime-no-Mikoto Seiki). In the first year of Daidō (806), five households of fief in this province were fixed for it (Note: following the Shinshō Kyakuchokufu). Under the Engi regulations both seats were ranked as major shrines of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Kanda Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ōyamakami village in the Kanda township and is called Ichinomiya).

¶Kawachi-Tatanuhi Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: one seat now stands in Shimo-Itai village and is called Ichinomiya; the other stands in Kami-Itai village and is called Ninomiya. These two villages were anciently the Kawachi township). They appear to enshrine the two deities Hikosashiri and Taokihohoi (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Kogo Shūi). In the Great Thanksgiving Festival (Daijōsai), the Tatenui clan of this province presented the sacred shield generation after generation; they were probably descendants of this deity (Note: following the Jōgan Gishiki and the Engishiki).

¶Ōme Shrine (Note: it now stands at Mekani in Terauchi village. According to the Tanba Shi, in this village there is Enkō-ji on Hirume-san. This shrine stands inside the temple and is popularly called Hirume Kannon. The character "me" is read as in "himé," and Hirume and Hime are close in sound. Probably the monks took the shrine as the possession of their temple and in the end usurped the title of Kannon). It is said to enshrine Ōmiyame-no-Kami (Note: following the account of the local people. The local account gives Ōmiyahime, but here it has been corrected on the basis of the Kogo Shūi).

¶Sasaba Shrine (Note: it now stands in Hatamiya village and is called Hachiman. It is said to have been called Sasaba Myōjin originally).

¶Futamura Shrine (Note: it now stands in Minai village).

¶Kumaan Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "an" is written as "kura." It now stands in Kasugae village and is called Kumayasu Myōjin). The above seven seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Hikami District (17 shrines)

¶Takakura Shrine (Note: it was originally at Takakura-no-mori in Kanaya village, but has now been moved to Tanigawa village and is called Takakura Myōjin).

¶Sami-no-miya Shrine (Note: it now stands in Wada village and is called Sami-no-miya Hachiman-Ōkami).

¶Karino Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Kuzuhara in Kami-Ogura village in the Ishō township).

¶Iwabe Shrine (Note: in some texts a variant character is written as "iwa." It now stands in Ishio village).

¶Chino Shrine (Note: various texts annotate the character for "hoe" beneath the name of the shrine. But among the shrines outside the Home Provinces there is no instance of offering hoes or quivers, so the error is plain and it is not written here. The shrine now stands in Minami village and is called Chino-sha).

¶Ine Shrine (Note: it now stands in Shingō village and is called Ichi-sha).

¶Sachi Shrine (Note: it now stands at Kagura-dani in Ogura village in the Saji township and is called Kagura Myōjin).

¶Ataoka Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ōtari-Honji village and is called Ataoka Myōjin).

¶Tatenui Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyayama in Nagami village and is called Tate Hachiman). It appears to enshrine Hikosashiri-no-Mikoto, ancestor of the Tatenui clan (Note: following the Nihon Shoki, the Kogo Shūi and the account of the local people).

¶Serita Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyatani in Kamonai village).

¶Hyōzu Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kuroi village and is called Hyōzu Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Tanba Shi).

¶Nii Shrine (Note: it now stands at Yumori in Ō-Niiya village and is called Hiyoshi Sannō). It is said to enshrine Amateru-Mitama-no-Kami (Note: following the account of the local people).

¶Nunuki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Inahata village in the Nunuki estate. In former times it was at Takamiō and was called Numaike-Ōkami, but it was later moved here). According to tradition, in the reign of Emperor Kinmei the people of the land planned to open up the ponds and marshes at the foot of Mount Takami, and by chance, with the help of a deity, they were at last able to reclaim them as fields. They therefore enshrined it and called it Nunuki-Ōkami (Note: following the Honsha Yuishogaki).

¶Ashii Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "ashi" is written with a different character).

¶Kawara Shrine (Note: it now stands at Shimizu in Kara village).

¶Itsuki Shrine (Note: it now stands at Nishikaishi in Naka-Takeda village).

¶Kamino Shrine (Note: it now stands at Kitaoku in Goyu village). The deity enshrined is said to be the same as that of the Kamino shrine in Kuwata District (Note: following the account of the local people). Under the Engi regulations all seventeen seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Amata District (4 shrines)

¶Ikuno Shrine (Note: it now stands in Mitsumata village in the Ikuno estate; it is the tutelary deity of the estate). It is said to enshrine Ame-no-Uzume (Note: following the Tanba Shi).

¶Anga Shrine (Note: it now stands in Naka village in the Anga township and is called Hijiri Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the account of the local people). In the fourth year of Hōki (773), someone stole the offerings to the deity and died suddenly inside the shrine. The new shrine was therefore moved to a place some ten jō away (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. The old site is at the foot of Hijirinomae-yama in Hazumaki village in the Anga township, and is said to be about fifty jō from the present shrine). In the fourteenth year of Jōgan (872), it advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Amateru-Tama-no-Mikoto Shrine (Note: it now stands in Imayasu village). It appears to enshrine Amateru-Kuniteru-Hiko-Ame-no-Hoakari-no-Mikoto, who was in truth the ancestor of the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko (provincial governors) of Tanba (Note: following the Kuji Hongi and the Engishiki). In the reign of Emperor Konoe, Tanba-no-Ason Shigemoto, Head of the Bureau of Medicine (Tenyaku-no-Kami), petitioned that he might go to Tanba and worship his clan deity, and by imperial command he was granted a horse and hakama for servants. That clan deity was precisely this shrine (Note: following the Taiki and the Fubokushū. According to the Engishiki, there are Amateru-Mitama shrines in Yamashiro, Yamato and other provinces, and these appear to enshrine Ame-no-Hoakari-no-Mikoto. Hoakari was precisely the ancestor of the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Tanba. This shrine must also enshrine him. However, the Tanba genealogies handed down in the world make the Tanba-no-Ason a branch of the Tanba envoy line, descended from Emperor Ling of the Later Han. Judging from the Shōjiroku, this account is not without grounds. But since Shigemoto now venerates this shrine as his clan deity, one suspects that this clan was after all of the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko line. The genealogies may have mistaken its origin. This is set aside to await later examination, and is added here).

¶Araki Shrine (Note: it now stands at Mount Araki in Hori village and is called Araki Jūnisho Myōjin). In the first year of Jōgan (859), it was ranked among the official shrines (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations all four seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Ikaruga District (12 shrines)

¶Suhakibe Shrine. Also called the Deity of Mononobe-no-Suhaki (Note: it now stands on Mount Suhaki in Mononobe village and is called Nikkō Myōjin). In the eleventh year of Jōgan (869), it advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower.

¶Abiji Shrine (Note: it now stands in Okimura in Amata District and is called Ariochi Myōjin).

¶Asusuki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kanagōchi village. The village originally belonged to the Azuki estate and was called Azuki village. The shrine is called Azuki-no-miya). In the third year of Gangyō (879), an auspicious cloud appeared above this shrine (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Mitetsuki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Inda village and is called Mitetsuki Myōjin).

¶Sada Shrine (Note: it now stands at Sada-no-o in Kuri village and is called Ōkawa-sha. There is also a Sawa-sha in the village, and some take that to be the main shrine. But because the name Sada survives at the site of the Ōkawa-sha, the former view seems the more correct).

¶Kawamunabi Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "kawa" is written with a different character. It now stands in Tone village).

¶Iya Shrine (Note: it now stands at Iyaga-dani in Hirose village).

¶Akakuni Shrine (Note: it now stands in Tachi village).

¶Takakura Shrine (Note: it now stands in Nishiho village and is called Takakura Myōjin).

¶Sasuga Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kisaichi village).

¶Shimaman Shrine (Note: it now stands in Shimama village).

¶Fukuta Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "ta" is written with a different character. It now stands in Seki village). Under the Engi regulations all twelve seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Shrines Not Recorded in the Official Registers

¶Arai Shrine and Kinosaki Shrine. These two shrines are now in Funai District (Note: the district name follows the account of the local people. The Arai shrine is in Kanda village, and the Kinosaki shrine is in Kizaki village, the neighboring village of Kanda). In the sixth year of Gangyō (882), both advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Tango

¶Kasa District (11 shrines)

¶Ōkawa Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Tekkō in Ōkawa village and is called Ōkawara Myōjin). It is said to be a deity presiding over agriculture and sericulture (Note: following the origin record of this shrine). In the first year of Jōgan (859), it advanced from Junior Fifth Rank Lower to Junior Fifth Rank Upper, and in the tenth year Senior Fifth Rank Lower was added (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Nagu Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyamoto in Yura village and is called Ōkawara Myōjin). It appears to be a transfer of the deity enshrined at the Nagu shrine in Takeno District (Note: following the Tango Fudoki as quoted in the Jingi Hongen, the Kojiki Uragaki and the Gengenshū).

¶Ichifuse Shrine (Note: it now stands in Shimo-Kuwakai village).

¶Mikage Shrine (Note: it now stands in Mori village). It is said to enshrine Ame-no-Mikage-no-Kami (Note: following the account of the local people). Prince Hikoimasu once took as his wife Okinaga-no-Mizuyorihime, daughter of Ame-no-Mikage, and she bore Tanba-no-Michinushi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Kojiki). In the reign of Emperor Sujin, Michinushi-no-Mikoto pacified this province and achieved merit (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). This shrine probably arose from that (Note: the Kojiki gives Tanba-no-Michinushi as Tanba-no-Hiko-Tatasumichi-no-Ushi. According to the Kuji Hongi, Hikotatsuhiko-no-Mikoto, a son of Prince Hikoimasu, was the ancestor of the Inaba Kuni-no-Miyatsuko. Hikotatsu is probably the same word as Hikotatasu, and Inaba was anciently part of Tanba. From this, the shrine may have been enshrined by a descendant of Michinushi who lived in this place. This is added for reference).

¶Shitori Shrine (Note: it now stands in Imada village).

¶Takada Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kami-Yasu village).

¶Arasu Shrine (Note: it now stands at Arasu in Kita-Aruji village and is called Tokura Myōjin).

¶Waraida Shrine (Note: it now stands in Nohara village).

¶Marata Shrine (Note: it now stands in Maruta village).

¶Miyake Shrine (Note: the one now in Kita-Suitsu village probably corresponds to it).

¶Hihara Shrine (Note: it now stands in Nyofu village). The above ten seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Yosa District (20 shrines)

¶Kono Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ōgaki village in Fuchū and is called Komori Myōjin). It is said to enshrine the Three Deities of Sumiyoshi (Note: following the Ichinomiya Ki). In the second year of Kashō (849), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the sixth year of Jōgan (864), it rose from Junior Fifth Rank Upper to Senior Fifth Rank Lower, in the thirteenth year Junior Fourth Rank Lower was added, and in the first year of Gangyō (877) it advanced to Junior Fourth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities and shared in the four seasonal offerings from the state (Note: following the Engishiki). Later it was called the Ichinomiya of Tango Province (Note: following the Tango Tasūchō and the Ichinomiya Ki). Its sacred rice lands amounted to more than fifty-eight chō in this district, of which eleven chō were the fields for the first-day-of-the-month offerings (Note: following the Tango Tasūchō).

¶Ōmushi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Mushimoto village in Onge). It enshrines Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Tango Kuji Ki). In the second year of Saikō (855), Junior Fourth Rank Lower was added (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku. The original text treats this as a matter of Tanba Province, but since Tanba Province has no Ōmushi deity, it is fixed and recorded here). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki). In later times its sacred rice lands amounted to more than fourteen chō in this district (Note: following the Tango Tasūchō).

¶Komushi Shrine (Note: it now stands at Kita-Komori-dani in Mushimoto village in Onge). It enshrines Sukunabikona-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Tango Kuji Ki). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Mononobe Shrine (Note: it now stands at Mononobe in Ishikawa village and is called Mononobe Myōjin).

¶Mito Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kami-Yamada village and is called Mito Myōjin).

¶Sushiro Shrine (Note: it now stands in Akashi village and is called Sushiro Myōjin).

¶Fukō Shrine (Note: the Myōken shrine now at Fuku in Oda village is thought to correspond to it. The old site is said to have been on Mount Fukō).

¶Uzuki Shrine (Note: it now stands at Utsuki in Yosa village and is called Usuki Myōjin).

¶Achie Shrine (Note: it now stands at Yutani in Onge village).

¶Kurita Shrine (Note: it is said to stand now in Kamitsukasa-chō in the Kurita estate, and by another account in Shukuno village in Oda; both are called Kurita Myōjin. It is not known which is correct). It is said to enshrine the Three Deities of Sumiyoshi (Note: following the Tango Miyazu Shi and the account of the local people).

¶Tayu Shrine (Note: it now stands at Taidani in Tai village and is called Daichō Myōjin).

¶Ura Shrine (Note: it now stands at Urashima in Honjōhama village and is called Urashima Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Urashima-no-Ko (Note: following the account of the local people).

¶Yatabe Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Yata in Ishikawa village).

¶Achie-Iwabe Shrine (Note: it now stands at Moriguchi in Iwaya village at the southern foot of Mount Onge and is called Shiraga Myōjin).

¶Shitori Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Ishizaki in Mikawachi village and is called Ishizaki Myōjin. By one account it was originally in the neighboring Osa village).

¶Mie Shrine (Note: it now stands in Morimoto village in the Mie township in Naka District and is called Ōya Myōjin. It is also said to stand in Mie village in Naka District and be called Sakatsubo Myōjin. It is not known which is correct).

¶Kozumi Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyatani in Yumiki village). It is said to enshrine Itakeru-no-Kami, with Ōmononushi-no-Kami enshrined alongside (Note: following the account of the local people).

¶Itanami Shrine (Note: it originally stood on the boundary between the two villages of Otokoyama and Iwataki in the Itanami estate, but later fell into decay and was enshrined jointly within the Hachiman shrine in Otokoyama village).

¶Sugisue Shrine (Note: it now stands within the precincts of the Sannō shrine in Sugisue-chō, Miyazu, and is called Sugisue Myōjin).

¶Agano Shrine (Note: it now stands in Suzu village and is called Suzuhiko Myōjin and Suzuhime Myōjin. In the village there is still a place called Agano). The above seventeen seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Tanba District (9 shrines)

¶Ōmiyame Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: the district name was later changed to Naka District. The shrine now stands in Suki village). It is said to enshrine the two deities Ōmiyame and Wakamiyame (Note: following the Shinshō Kyakuchokufu). In the first year of Jōgan (859), Junior Fifth Rank Upper was added to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations both seats were ranked as major shrines of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Kuioka Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyatani in Kuji village. Behind the village there is Kuishidake. It is said to be the place where Toyoukanome-no-Kami descended from heaven; on top of the peak is a huge rock called Ōae-ishi, which is taken as the sacred body. A small shrine has been placed above it and is called Ōjinja. This is probably the old site of this shrine). It is said to enshrine Toyoukanome-no-Kami (Note: following the account of the local people).

¶Hami Shrine (Note: it now stands in Arayama village).

¶Taku Shrine (Note: it now stands in Tanba village).

¶Inashiro Shrine (Note: it now stands at Moritaeyama in Yasu village and is called Inari Myōjin).

¶Nagi Shrine. It is in Nakigi village in Tanba-no-sato (Note: it now stands in Naiki village; Nagi, Nakigi and Naiki are close in sound and reading). It appears to enshrine Toyoukanome-no-Mikoto. This deity once left her traces in this place, and for that reason was enshrined here (Note: following the Tango Fudoki as quoted in the Jingi Hongen and the Gengenshū).

¶Yata Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyayama in Yata village).

¶Hinumanai Shrine (Note: the character "numa" ought to be "ji." The Settsu Fudoki as quoted in the Kojiki Uragaki gives Hijinomanai, which corresponds to this. The shrine now stands at the foot of Mount Hiji in Masudome village and is called Fuji-sha Myōjin). It enshrines Toyoukebime-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Kojiki, the Toyuke-gū Gishikichō and the Settsu Fudoki). Once, when Amaterasu-Ōmikami dwelt at the Yosa Palace in Tanba, this deity also followed and descended to Manaihara and became the Goddess of Sacred Food (Mike-tsu-Kami). In the reign of Emperor Yūryaku she was moved to Yamadahara in Ise (Note: following the Toyuke-gū Gishikichō, the Yamatohime-no-Mikoto Seiki and the Jinmei Hisho). This place preserves the traces of the former site. The above seven seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Takeno District (14 shrines)

¶Takano Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyatani in Takeno village and is called Imi Myōjin). It appears to enshrine Take-Toyohazurawake-no-Miko, ancestor of the Tanba-Takeno-wake (Note: following the Kojiki and the Engishiki). In the first year of Gangyō (877), it advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Ōuka Shrine (Note: it now stands in Gō village and is called Uga Myōjin). It appears to enshrine Ukanomitama-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Engishiki).

¶Nagu Shrine. It is at Nagu village in Funaki-no-sato (Note: in a flood in the Kakitsu era (1441-1444), the houses of Nagu village were washed away. At that time the people carried the sacred body and enshrined it jointly within the Mizotani shrine in the outer village). It enshrines Toyoukanome-no-Mikoto. When this deity once came to this place she said, "My heart has grown calm" (Note: the word for "calm" is read nagushi), and so in the end she remained and was enshrined here. The name Nagu arose from this (Note: following the Tango Fudoki as quoted in the Kojiki Uragaki, the Jingi Hongen and the Gengenshū. According to the Yamatohime-no-Mikoto Seiki and the Jinmei Hisho, the Tsuki-no-Mikura-no-Kami enshrines Ukanomitama-no-Kami, and the Sakadono-no-Kami enshrines Toyoukanome-no-Kami. In the Lantern-Oil Festival of the Twelfth Month, an annual observance of the Outer Shrine, these two deities are always honored. That two shrines are now likewise ranked side by side in this district must surely have a reason).

¶Mizotani Shrine (Note: it now stands in Soto village in the Mizotani estate).

¶Kunihara Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Takada in Kunihisa village).

¶Amino Shrine. Also called Asamogawa Myōjin (Note: it now stands in Higashi-Amino village at Asamogawa and is called Urashima Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Tsutsukawa-no-Shimako, ancestor of the Kusakabe-no-Obito (Note: following the Tango Fudoki as quoted in the Shaku Nihongi and Kamo-no-Chōmei's Mumyōshō. The Mumyōshō places it in Yosa District, but this is probably an error of hearsay).

¶Yorichi Shrine (Note: it now stands at Kazaana in Tōge village).

¶Ōno Shrine (Note: it now stands within the precincts of the Jūni shrine in Kuchi-Ōno village in Naka District and is called Okano-sha).

¶Nyūbe Shrine (Note: the gloss beside the name in the Shinkyō edition reads "Nifube." By this, the characters for "Nyū-ō" should be read as "Mibu." The shrine now stands at Ikunoo in Ikunouchi village and is called Ikuno Myōjin, which corresponds to it).

¶Shifuhi Shrine (Note: it now stands at Shioi in Hamazume village, which is precisely the Shifuhi shore).

¶Fukatabe Shrine (Note: it now stands at Fukata in Kurobe village and is called Hachiman-gū).

¶Tokonoo Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyagaki in Shimamizokawa village and is called Inazuma Myōjin).

¶Hōki Shrine (Note: it was originally in Hashiki village in Chūbu District, but the shrine has since been abolished. The sacred body is kept in the Buddhist hall of Enjō-ji, and the plaque reads "Hōshingi-san." Hōshingi is precisely Hōki, and preserves the shrine's name).

¶Mefu Shrine (Note: it now stands at Mefu-dani in Wada-Ueno village). The above thirteen seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Kumano District (11 shrines)

¶Kumano Shrine (Note: it now stands at Ōmiya in Shinada village and is called Wakamiya Sansha). It appears to enshrine Susanoo-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Engishiki and the account of the local people). In the tenth year of Jōgan (868), it advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Ofuki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Sanbun village).

¶Izushimi Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyaji in Idekado village).

¶Yata Shrine (Note: it was originally in Hashizume village, but later moved to Miyatani in Ama village and is called Yata Myōjin).

¶Shrines Not Recorded in the Official Registers

¶Yamaki Shrine. Its location is now unknown. In the first year of Gangyō (877), it advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower.

¶Ontsushima Shrine. It is now in Yosa District (Note: the district name follows the account of the local people. "On" is probably a corruption of "oki." The shrine now stands on Okitsushima and is called Benzaiten). It appears to enshrine Ichikishimahime-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). In the fourth year of Gangyō (880), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was added to Senior Sixth Rank Upper.

¶Kuzushima Shrine and Sakashiro Shrine. The locations of these two shrines are now unknown. In the fourth year of Gangyō (880), both rose from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Tajima

¶Asago District (9 shrines)

¶Aiga Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "awa" is written with a different character. It now stands at Nishiyama in Aiga village in the Aiga township). It enshrines Hikohohodemi-no-Mikoto, together with Takaokami-no-Kami and Toyotamahime-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Jinmyōchō Tōchū and the Shoshinki. The Ichinomiya Ki gives Tamayorihime in place of Toyotamahime. One account in the Shoshinki and the Shosha Kongenki say that it enshrines the Sun Deity, the Moon Deity and Susanoo-no-Mikoto. These are added for reference). According to tradition, in remote antiquity a flood spread across the whole land and snakes and venomous creatures harmed the people. Hikohohodemi-no-Mikoto commanded Ōnamuchi, Sukunabikona and the other deities to bring the waters and soil to order, and the people could for the first time dwell in peace, and so he was enshrined (Note: following the Tajima Junran Ki). In the Tenpyō era (729-749), the shrine households of this district paid each year more than sixty-six bundles of tax rice and, as tribute cloth, two bolts and four jō five shaku of coarse silk (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin Monjo). In the first year of Daidō (806), two households of fief in this province were fixed for it (Note: following the Shinshō Kyakuchokufu). In the twelfth year of Jōwa (845), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the tenth year of Jōgan (868), Senior Fifth Rank Lower was added to Junior Fifth Rank Upper, and in the sixteenth year it advanced to Senior Fifth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki). Later it was called the Second Shrine (Ninomiya) of the province and held more than one hundred chō of sacred rice land (Note: both the Ichinomiya Ki and the Shoshinki treat this shrine as the Ichinomiya, but this is probably an error).

¶Asago-Isobe Shrine (Note: it now stands in Takita village and is called Sannō Gongen).

¶Toga-Isobe Shrine (Note: it now stands in Miya village in the Tōga township and is called Kinuzuri Myōjin). In the reign of Emperor Go-Uda, this district had more than ten chō and five tan of sacred rice land (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Hyōzu Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kakitsubo village and is called Hyōzu Myōjin).

¶Akabuchi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Nishi-Makita village and is called Akabuchi Myōjin). It is said to enshrine the ancestor of the Kusakabe-no-Sukune (Note: following the account of the local people). In truth this clan is of the same stock as the Tajima Kuni-no-Miyatsuko (Note: following the Kuji Hongi and the Shōjiroku). In the reign of Emperor Go-Uda, this district had more than eleven chō of sacred rice land (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Iyu Shrine (Note: it now stands in Iyu-ichiba village and is called Ōmori Myōjin).

¶Shitori Shrine (Note: it now stands at Shioda in Maruyama village and is called Shioda Myōjin).

¶Ashika Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kuchi-Yashiro village and is called Yashiro Myōjin).

¶Sanō Shrine (Note: in some texts it is written with other characters. It now stands in Sanaka village and is called Ōmiya Myōjin). In the tenth year of Jōgan (868), it advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). The above eight seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Yabu District (30 shrines)

¶Yabu-ni-imasu Shrine (5 shrines) (Note: in some texts "Yabu" is written with other characters. It now stands in Ichiba village in the Yabu township and is called Yabu Myōjin). It is said to enshrine the two deities Ōnamuchi and Sukunabikona (Note: following the legends of this shrine and the Harima Fudoki. As for the remaining three seats, the shrine tradition gives Ukanomitama, Tanba-no-Michinushi and Funahosukune, but since no corroborating evidence has yet been found, doubt is left standing for the present). Once Ōnamuchi and Ame-no-Hiboko sought to determine their provincial boundaries by divination, and each tied three vines of kuzu to his foot and threw them. Of those thrown by Ōnamuchi, one fell in this district and one in Keta District. A shrine was therefore built in each of the two districts to enshrine him (Note: following the Harima Fudoki. The passage from "therefore" onward was drawn up with reference to the Engishiki. The Kojiki records the coming of Ame-no-Hiboko to Japan but gives no date for it. The Nihon Shoki places it in the third year of Emperor Suinin. But Kiyohiko, a great-grandson of Hiboko, actually served at the court of Emperor Suinin, so Hiboko's arrival must have been before that emperor. This work treats him as a contemporary of Ōnamuchi; although this derives from hearsay, it may perhaps have a basis, and so the account is adopted for now). In the Tenpyō era (729-749), the shrine households of this district paid each year more than 145 bundles of tax rice and, as tribute cloth, six bolts and four jō five shaku of coarse silk (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin Monjo). In the first year of Daidō (806), four households of fief in this province were fixed for it (Note: following the Shinshō Kyakuchokufu). In the twelfth year of Jōwa (845), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the eleventh year of Jōgan (869), it advanced from Junior Fifth Rank Upper to Senior Fifth Rank Lower, and in the sixteenth year Senior Fifth Rank Upper was added (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations two seats were ranked as major shrines of renowned deities and three as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Mizutani Shrine (Note: it now stands in Oku-Mechi village). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki). Later it was called the Third Shrine (Sannomiya). In the reign of Emperor Go-Uda, this district had more than sixty-nine chō and three tan of sacred rice land (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Uruha Shrine (Note: it now stands in Naka-Mechi village). It appears to enshrine Konohanasakuyahime-no-Mikoto, consort of Iwa-no-Ōkami (Note: following the Harima Fudoki. Although the name is the same, she is a different deity from Konohanasakuyahime, daughter of Ōyamatsumi).

¶Asama Shrine (Note: it now stands in Asama village in the Asama township).

¶Yaoka Shrine (Note: it now stands in Yōka village).

¶Ikuto Shrine (Note: it now stands in Akasaki village).

¶Tatenui Shrine (Note: it now stands in Nagano village and is called Imi Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Hikosashiri-no-Mikoto (Note: following the account of the local people). It appears to have been enshrined by a branch of the Tanba Tatenui clan who lived in this place (Note: following the general sense of the Jōgan Gishiki and the Engishiki).

¶Hyōzu Shrine (Note: it now stands in Asakura village).

¶Osaka Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Temman in Miyagaki village).

¶Sakitsuhiko-Aruchi-no-Mikoto Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: it now stands in Terauchi village and is called Hie Myōjin). One of the seats appears to enshrine Maetsumimi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Engishiki). Maetsumimi had a daughter named Matano-o. She married Ame-no-Hiboko and bore Tajima-no-Morosuke. This shrine may perhaps have arisen from that (Note: following the Nihon Shoki).

¶Inoue Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: the Gion shrine now in Sekinomiya village probably corresponds to it).

¶Tedani Shrine (Note: it now stands in Tsuchida village and is called Ōtoshi-sha).

¶Sakafuta Shrine.

¶Honama Shrine.

¶Kazura Shrine (Note: it now stands in Asama village and is called Katsura Myōjin). It appears to enshrine Ame-no-Hiboko-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Harima Fudoki and the Engishiki). Ame-no-Hiboko, together with Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto, threw vines of kuzu and each determined his boundary (Note: following the Harima Fudoki). The name Kazura-no-Kami may perhaps derive from this.

¶Ōyohi Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Ōyohi in Miyake village). It appears to enshrine Ame-no-Hiboko-no-Mikoto, ancestor of the Miyake-no-Muraji (Note: following the Shōjiroku).

¶Kirihara Shrine (Note: it now stands in Murao village and is called Hachiman-gū).

¶Mitsuoka Shrine (Note: it now stands in Miyauchi village and is called Hachiman-gū).

¶Saraki-mura Ōhyōzu Shrine (Note: it now stands at Terauchi in Hayashigaki village and is called Jūrokusha Myōjin).

¶Mii Shrine (Note: it now stands in Miyamoto in Ōya and is called Tennō-sha).

¶Nagusa Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Myōken in Hibata village and is called Myōken-gū. The mountain was anciently called Nagusa). It is said to enshrine Nagusahiko-no-Kami (Note: following the legend of the local people). In the reign of Emperor Go-Uda, it had more than twelve chō of sacred rice land (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Moriuchi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Noza village and is called Asao Myōjin).

¶Wanami Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ami-ba village and is called Abiki Myōjin). It appears to enshrine Ame-no-Yukawatana-no-Mikoto. In the reign of Emperor Suinin, Yukawatana received an edict, caught a swan in Tajima and presented it (Note: following the Nihon Shoki. This work gives the place as Izumo, but here one variant account is followed). Later he was enshrined on this account.

¶Yagi-mura-ni-imasu Yama Shrine (Note: it now stands in Shimo-Yagi village and is called Yagi Myōjin). It appears to enshrine Ōyamatsumi-no-Kami (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Engishiki). The above twenty-four seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Izushi District (23 shrines)

¶Izushi-ni-imasu Shrine (8 shrines) (Note: in some texts "Izushi" is written with other characters. It now stands in Miyauchi village in the Izushi township). It enshrines the spirit of Ame-no-Hiboko-no-Mikoto, a prince of Silla (Note: following the general sense of the Nihon Shoki, the Kojiki and the Kogo Shūi). When Ame-no-Hiboko came to Japan, the treasures he brought were eight kinds: the two strings of jewels called the Tamatsu Takara, the wave-raising scarf, the wave-cutting scarf, the wind-raising scarf, the wind-cutting scarf, the mirror of the offing and the mirror of the shore. For this reason he was enshrined and called the Great Deity of the Eight Shrines of Izushi (Yamae-no-Ōkami) (Note: following the Kojiki). It is also said that he stored as sacred treasures one each of the items he brought: the Hafuto jewel, the Ashitaka jewel, the Ukaka red stone jewel, the Izushi short sword, the Izushi spear, the sun mirror and the Kuma divine tree-seat (Note: following the Nihon Shoki. One variant account in this work also has the Isasa sword, and counts it with the others as eight kinds. This concerns the same matter as the Kojiki, but the tradition appears to differ. Yet examining the sense closely, the Kojiki makes them directly divine spirits whereas the Nihon Shoki treats them as sacred objects, and the names of the objects differ as well, so the two probably record separate matters. This is added for reference). Emperor Suinin once commanded Kiyohiko, a great-grandson of Hiboko, to present those sacred treasures, and had them stored in the sacred storehouse. One night the short sword came out of the storehouse of its own accord and went to Kiyohiko's house, and after a while could no longer be seen. When Kiyohiko reported what had happened, the emperor regarded it as all the more mysterious and no longer sought it. Later the short sword was found in Awaji, and the people of that place built a shrine there and worshipped it (Note: following the Nihon Shoki).

¶In the Tenpyō era (729-749), the shrine households of this district paid into the storehouse each year more than 435 bundles of tax rice and, as tribute cloth, twenty bolts and four jō five shaku of coarse silk (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin Monjo). In the first year of Daidō (806), thirteen households of fief in this province were fixed for it (Note: following the Shinshō Kyakuchokufu). In the twelfth year of Jōwa (845), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the tenth year of Jōgan (868), it advanced from Junior Fifth Rank Upper to Senior Fifth Rank Lower, and in the sixteenth year Senior Fifth Rank Upper was added (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations all eight seats were ranked as major shrines of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki), and later it was called the Ichinomiya of the province (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi and one account in the Jinmyōchō Tōchū). In the first year of Jōgen (976), the province reported: "This shrine is the foremost numinous shrine in the province, and crows, magpies, mosquitoes and gadflies all avoid it and do not approach. This year crows and magpies have gathered in flocks. The old men say that there has never before been such a strange event." By imperial command this was had divined (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In the reign of Emperor Go-Uda, it is said that this district had in all some 141 chō and more of sacred rice land (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Miizushi Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyahata in the Mizuishi township). It appears to enshrine Ame-no-Hiboko-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Kogo Shūi). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki). It is said that, generally, on the festival day of the Izushi shrine the portable shrine is each time carried to pay a visit to this shrine (Note: following the account of the local people).

¶Kirino Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kirino village and is called Kamo Myōjin). In the reign of Emperor Go-Uda, this district had more than forty-eight chō and nine tan of sacred rice land (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Morosugi Shrine (Note: it now stands at Morosugi-kōji in Izushi-uchi-machi). It appears to enshrine Tajima-no-Morosuke (Note: following the Nihon Shoki, the Kojiki and the Engishiki).

¶Suru Shrine (Note: it now stands at Surudani in Akahana village and is called Suru Myōjin).

¶Sasaki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Sasaki village in the Sasaki estate and is called Sasaki Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Futohiko-no-Mikoto, ancestor of the Sasaki-no-Yamakimi (Note: following the legend of the local people. The Jinmyōchō Tōchū says it enshrines Sukunabikona-no-Mikoto, but this is probably an error. Details appear under the entry for the Sasaki shrine in Ōmi. According to the Shōjiroku, the Sasaki-no-Yamakimi share an ancestor with the Takahashi-no-Omi, and the shrine site is also in the Takahashi township. The tradition of the local people is therefore not without basis).

¶Hide Shrine (Note: the one now in Hatayama village, called Hide Myōjin, probably corresponds to it. It is also said to be in Minamio village and be called Kunugimori Myōjin). It appears to enshrine Tajimahine, son of Tajima-no-Morosuke (Note: following the Kojiki and the Engishiki).

¶Sugi Shrine (Note: in some texts it is written with a different character. It now stands in Araki village in Sugatani and is called Suga Hachiman-gū. A document of the eighth year of Bun'ei (1271) held by this shrine writes it as the Hachiman-gū of the Suga estate). In the tenth year of Jōgan (868), it advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). In the reign of Emperor Go-Uda, this district had more than forty-one chō and seven tan of sacred rice land (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Ono Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kuchi-Ono village).

¶Tedani Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kawamoto village).

¶Nakashima Shrine (Note: it now stands in Miyake village). It is said to enshrine Tajimamori, grandson of Tajimahine, who was the ancestor of the Miyake-no-Muraji (Note: following the account of the local people, and the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki).

¶Ōikube-Hyōzu Shrine (Note: it now stands at Miyayama in Okuno village in the Anami township. According to the Tōdai-ji Nuhi Sekichō, a household head in Anami township of this district was Ōikube-no-Atai Yamakata. From this it seems that this shrine may be Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto enshrined by that clan).

¶Amuka Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "ka" is written as "chi." It now stands in Mushio village and is called Hijiri Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the account of the local people. The Anga shrine in Tanba also enshrines Ame-no-Hohi and is likewise called Hijiri Myōjin. Since Anga and Amuka are close in sound, the two are known to be the same deity).

¶Hiji Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kuchi-Fujimori village and is called Yamauba Inari. The village lies at the southern foot of Mount Hiji, on the boundary with Naka District in Tango). It appears to enshrine Toyoukebime-no-Kami (Note: following the Settsu Fudoki as quoted in the Kojiki Uragaki).

¶Isobe Shrine (Note: it now stands at Taniyama in Izushi-uchi-machi).

¶Osaka Shrine (Note: it now stands at Mutsuzaka in Morii village and is called Jūnisho-sha). The above fourteen seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Keta District (21 shrines)

¶Yama Shrine (Note: it now stands in Yamamiya village and is called Hōnoki Myōjin). It enshrines Ōyamatsumi-no-Kami (Note: following the Jinmyōchō Tōchū).

¶He Shrine (Note: it now stands in Towari village and is called Shinmei). It appears to enshrine Okitsuhime-no-Kami (Note: following the Kojiki and the Engishiki).

¶Ikazuchi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Sano village and is called Sano Tenjin).

¶Hajikami Shrine (Note: in some texts the character after the name is absent, and in some it is written with a different character. The shrine now stands in Hajikami village and is called Hachiman-gū). In the ninth year of Jōwa (842), all four shrines were ranked among the official shrines (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the tenth year of Jōgan (868), Junior Fifth Rank Upper was added to Junior Fifth Rank Lower for all of them (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku and the Ruijū Kokushi). Under the Engi regulations all were ranked as major shrines of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki). In the reign of Emperor Go-Uda, the Hajikami shrine had more than eight chō of sacred rice land in this district (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Tamaraki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Inozume village).

¶Keta Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kamigō village and is called Sōja Myōjin). It appears to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Kami (Note: following the Harima Fudoki. According to the Ichinomiya Ki, the Keta shrine in Noto also enshrines Ōnamuchi, and this too can be set beside it). Details appear under the entry for the Yabu shrine.

¶Ashida Shrine (Note: it now stands in Nakagō village and is called Ashida Myōjin).

¶Mino Shrine (Note: it now stands in Nono-no-shō village).

¶Mefu Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ishidachi village. The village is also said to be called Mefu).

¶Takanuki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Takenuki village). It appears to enshrine Katsuragi-no-Takanukahime-no-Mikoto, fifth-generation descendant of Ame-no-Hiboko, who was the mother of Empress Jingū (Note: following the Kojiki).

¶Kutosu-Hyōzu Shrine (Note: the character "sun" is an abbreviated form of "mura." The shrine now stands in Kuto village and is called Narutaki Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Hayasusanoo-no-Mikoto and Takitsuhime-no-Mikoto (Note: following the account of the local people).

¶Hioki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Hioki village in the Hioki township and is called Makio Myōjin). It appears to enshrine the ancestor of the Hiokibe (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku and the Engishiki).

¶Tatenui Shrine (Note: it now stands in Tadani village. Tadani is probably a corrupted sound of Tatenui).

¶Ida Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ifuku village). In the reign of Emperor Go-Uda, it is said to have had five chō and six tan of sacred rice land (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Shio Shrine (Note: the one now in Naka village, called Akafuji Myōjin, probably corresponds to it).

¶Mii Shrine (Note: it now stands in Doi village).

¶Takao Shrine (Note: its location is unknown. According to the Wamyōshō, there is a Tako township in this district, whose reading is the same as that of Takao. According to the Tajima Kō, there are now villages such as Yoida and Ehara, and that land is called Takōshiro, which is precisely a trace of the name Takao and is probably where this shrine stood. This is added for reference).

¶Saku Shrine (Note: it now stands in Sata village and is called Ōkawa Myōjin).

¶Kando Shrine (Note: it now stands in Arakawa village and is called Sannō-sha).

¶Ichi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ichiba village in Fuchū).

¶Sutani Shrine (Note: it now stands in Fujii village). The above seventeen seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Kizaki District (21 shrines)

¶Watatsumi Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Jōseki in Kojima village). It appears to enshrine the ancestor of the Tajima-no-Ama-no-Atai (Note: following the Kuji Hongi, the Shōjiroku and the Engishiki). In the ninth year of Jōwa (842), it was ranked among the official shrines (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the tenth year of Jōgan (868), Junior Fifth Rank Upper was added to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Mononobe Shrine (Note: according to the Kuji Hongi, there was in the reign of Emperor Keikō a Mononobe-no-Tajima-no-Muraji. Tajima is precisely Tajima, and was probably so named after the place. This shrine may perhaps have been enshrined by his descendants who lived in this province. This is added for reference).

¶Kuma Shrine (Note: it now stands at Hiroki in Fukuda village).

¶Anameki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ō-Shinooka village and is called Yakuma Myōjin).

¶Meshiro Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kokonoka village).

¶Yosaki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Shimo-Tsurui village and is called Iyonaga Myōjin).

¶Fukuhi Shrine (Note: it now stands at Ichinomiya-mori in Kunugie village and is called Ichinomiya Myōjin).

¶Oe Shrine (Note: it now stands in Eno village and is called Sannō-gū).

¶Kukuhi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Shimomiya village). It is said to enshrine Ame-no-Yukawatana-no-Mikoto (Note: following the account of the local people). It appears to have been enshrined on account of the old story of his catching a swan (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Kojiki. The swan is read "kukuhi").

¶Mimii Shrine (Note: it now stands in Miyai village).

¶Momoshima Shrine (Note: it now stands at Momoyama in Momoshima village).

¶Hyōzu Shrine (Note: it now stands in Akaishi village). It is said to enshrine Susanoo-no-Mikoto and Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the shrine's tradition).

¶Fukasaka Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ozaki village).

¶Hyōzu Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: it now stands at Yamaguchi in Yamamoto village).

¶Kehi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kehi village in the Kehi estate and is called Kehi Myōjin, also Miyashiro Myōjin). It appears to be a division of the Kehi deity of Echizen (Note: following the Engishiki and the Tajima Kō).

¶Kurui Shrine (Note: it was originally on Mount Kurui but later moved to Kurui village and is called Miyashiro Myōjin).

¶Shikinami Shrine (Note: it now stands in Hatagami village and is called Kamitsu Myōjin).

¶Agata Shrine (Note: it now stands at Odai in Toyooka and is called Odai Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Kami (Note: following the shrine's tradition). In the reign of Emperor Go-Uda, this district had more than thirty chō of sacred rice land (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Sakataru Shrine (Note: it now stands in Hokkeji village and is called Ōkura Myōjin).

¶Seto Shrine (Note: it now stands in Seto village and is called Matsugami Myōjin). It appears to enshrine the two deities Ōnamuchi and Sukunabikona. According to tradition, in high antiquity a flood flowed backward and spread across the whole land, the fields and plains had not yet been opened, and snakes and scorpions lived there. The two deities, together with Ukanomitama-no-Mikoto, came to this place, cut open the harbor of Seto and cleared the flow of the water. They burned the mountains and fields to drive away the snakes and dragons, and afterwards set up a hot spring to heal sickness. They had Ukanomitama teach the people farming, and the land was made peaceful and the people were content in their livelihoods (Note: following the Tajima Futakata Onsen Ki, the Jinja Kōden and the Tajima Ichiranki). The above twenty seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Mikumi District (12 shrines)

¶Sazu Shrine (Note: it now stands at Satsutani in Yonechi village in the Satsu estate).

¶Takano Shrine (Note: it now stands in Takeno-hama village in the Takeno township and is called Hama Tenjin). It appears to enshrine Prince Hikoimasu, ancestor of the Takano-no-Kimi and others, the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of this province (Note: following the Kuji Hongi and the Engishiki).

¶Ikisa Shrine (3 shrines) (Note: it now stands in Shimohama village, but has now been abolished and only a grove remains. It is called Hōtei Myōjin).

¶Mii Shrine (Note: it now stands in Mikawa village and is called Mikawa Gongen).

¶Kurahashi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ohara village and is called Kurahashi Myōjin).

¶Akodani Shrine (Note: it now stands at Akodani in Todoroki village).

¶Kuwahara Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kuwamoto village).

¶Iroki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Hayashi village and is called Iroki Myōjin).

¶Nyū Shrine (Note: it now stands in Nyū-Uragami village). Under the Engi regulations all twelve seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Futakata District (5 shrines)

¶Futakata Shrine (Note: it now stands in Tai village in the Futakata township). It appears to enshrine the ancestor of the Futakata Kuni-no-Miyatsuko (Note: following the Kuji Hongi and the Engishiki).

¶Ōyake Shrine (Note: it now stands in Futsukaichi village).

¶Ōtoshi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ifuku village in the Ōtoshi estate).

¶Omonu Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Omoji in Takeda village. The characters "numa" and "ji" are similar in form, so one of them seems to be an error). It appears to enshrine Yakamihime-no-Mikoto (Note: following the tradition of the Menuma shrine in Inaba).

¶Suga Shrine (Note: it now stands in Miyawaki village). It appears to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the tradition of the Suga shrine in Inaba). Under the Engi regulations all five seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Nanami District (10 shrines)

¶Tata Shrine (Note: it now stands in Tadamiya village).

¶Ojiro Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: it now stands at Akioka village in Ojirodani).

¶Shitsumi Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: in some texts it is written with other characters). In the tenth year of Jōgan (868), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was added to Senior Sixth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Isofu Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ajitori village).

¶Toyo Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ichihara village).

¶Takasaka Shrine (Note: it now stands in Takasaka village).

¶Kurono Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Itsuki in Muraoka-chō and is called Itsuki Myōjin).

¶Haruki Shrine (Note: it now stands in Futakata Haruki village). Under the Engi regulations all ten seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Shrines Not Recorded in the Official Registers

¶Oshisaka Shrine. It is in Asago District (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin Monjo and the Tajima Ōtabumi. The Hachiman shrine now in Mori village probably corresponds to it. According to the Shinshō Kyakuchokufu, shrine fiefs of the Oshisaka shrine of Ise lay in this province. This place was probably the site of those fief households, and for that reason this deity was enshrined. This is added for reference). In the Tenpyō era (729-749), the shrine households of this district paid each year more than forty-nine bundles of tax rice and, as tribute cloth, three bolts and one jō five shaku of coarse silk (Note: following the Tōdai-ji Shōsōin Monjo). In later times its sacred rice lands in this district amounted to more than eight chō (Note: following the Tajima Ōtabumi).

¶Ōoka Shrine. It is now in Keta District (Note: it stands in Ōokaji village and is called Hakusan Myōjin). In the tenth year of Jōgan (868), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was added to Senior Sixth Rank Upper.

¶Kinumaki Shrine. It is now in Kizaki District (Note: it stands on Mount Kinumaki in Kehi village). In the first year of Ninna (885), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was added to Senior Sixth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku. The district name follows the Tajima Kō).

¶Inaba

¶Kono District (9 shrines)

¶Onshiro Shrine (Note: Kono District was later renamed Ishii District. It now stands in Onji village and is called Buō Myōjin).

¶Ō Shrine (Note: "Ō" is also written with another character. It now stands in Ōta village in the Honjō township and is called Midori Myōjin. It is the Ichinomiya of the township). In the fifteenth year of Jōgan (873), it advanced from Junior Fifth Rank Upper to Senior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Sami-no-Hyōzu Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kawasaki village).

¶Takano Shrine (Note: it was originally at Takanozaka, south of Mount Futagami, but later moved to Enkōji village in the Takano township and is called Kanetsuki Myōjin).

¶Kono-no-Hyōzu Shrine (Note: it now stands in Arai village and is called Hyōzu Myōjin).

¶Futagami Shrine (Note: it was originally on Mount Futagami, but later moved to the foot of Mount Tsuzumi in Iwatsune village and is called Tsuzumi Myōjin).

¶Miyu Shrine (Note: it was originally in Ōno village, but later moved to Yu village and is called Ise-gū, also Ōno-no-miya). It is said to enshrine Sukunabikona-no-Mikoto (Note: following the shrine's tradition).

¶Hino Shrine (Note: it was originally at Hinodani in the Hino township, but later moved to Hibiya-hama in Ōtani village in Ōtani-ho and is called Hino Hachiman).

¶Kanro Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "kan" is written as "ga." It was originally at Kanro-dani in Higashi-Kuga village, but later moved to Nishi-Kuga village). In the third year of Jōgan (861), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was added to Senior Sixth Rank Upper, and in the sixteenth year it further advanced to Junior Fifth Rank Upper. In the first year of Gangyō (877), it advanced to Senior Fifth Rank Lower, and soon afterwards rose to Junior Fourth Rank Lower. The following year Junior Fourth Rank Upper was added (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations all nine seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Hōmi District (9 shrines)

¶Ube Shrine (Note: it now stands on top of Mount Ube at Miyashita village in the Inaba township). It is said to enshrine Takeuchi-no-Sukune (Note: following the Inaba Fudoki quoted in the Jinmyōchō Tōchū, the Ichinomiya Ki and the Shosha Kongenki. The style of the Fudoki quoted in the Tōchū is unlike that of other fudoki, and there are doubtful points in its account. But the tradition too is old, and so doubt is left standing for the present. Again, the origin record of this shrine makes Takeuchi a fifteenth-generation descendant of Susanoo-no-Mikoto and says: "In the reign of Emperor Keikō, Takeuchi received an edict together with Yamato-takeru-no-Mikoto and campaigned westward. Takeuchi was to go by way of San'in and meet the prince in Tsukushi. It happened that in this province there was a fierce bandit named Arau, whom he destroyed, and he pacified the whole province. He therefore left descendants in this place. Later, because of his great service to this province, the people revered and enshrined him. His descendants became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko generation after generation. One member of the family served this shrine, was granted the name Ifukube, and it has been passed down through the generations and has not ceased to this day. For that reason they are called Kuni-no-Miyatsuko." But it is stated plainly in various books that Takeuchi came from Emperor Kōgen, and that the Ifukube are descendants of Hoakari-no-Mikoto has firm basis in the Shōjiroku. Hence that the origin record is a false account needs no further discussion. However, that account closely resembles the Ifukube genealogy cited under the entry for the Takamuku shrine below, and it was probably forced together on that basis. It should be consulted together with that entry).

¶In the first year of Kashō (848), a fire struck the provincial headquarters. When the provincial governor prayed to the deity, the government hall escaped the disaster. Because of this Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred and the shrine was ranked among the official shrines (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the fourth year of Jōgan (862), Senior Fifth Rank Upper was added, and soon afterwards Junior Fourth Rank Lower was conferred. In the tenth, thirteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth years it advanced one rank each time. In the second year of Gangyō (878), it reached Senior Third Rank (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a major shrine of renowned deities (Note: following the Engishiki). Later it was called the Ichinomiya of the province (Note: following the Ichinomiya Ki and the Jinmyōchō Tōchū). The Ifukube clan served generation after generation as its chief priests (Note: following the Rekimei Dodai and the Inaba Shi). In the reign of Emperor Toba, Fujiwara-no-Ienari became provincial governor but did not go to his post for nine years. The deputy and the deputy-governor's agent barely performed the regular worship. The people of the province all criticized this, saying: "The governor has never once personally conducted the festival of the Ichinomiya. Can it be said that there is no fear of insulting the deity?" Ienari was troubled by this, and in the second year of Gen'ei (1119) first had a diviner divine about it, then suddenly went to his post and performed the extraordinary festival of the Ichinomiya (Note: following the Chūyūki).

¶Tai-no-Kami Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: it now stands in Hirosai village and is called Tago Myōjin).

¶Okaminu Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Okami in Katori village and is called Okami Shrine). It appears to enshrine Takaokami-no-Kami (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Engishiki).

¶Tsukiori Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "ori" is written with a different character. It now stands in Ikuyama village and is called Tsukiori Myōjin).

¶Arasaka Shrine (Note: it now stands in Yatani village in Ishii District and is called Arasaka Sannō).

¶Temi Shrine (Note: it was originally on Furutemi-yama in Temi village, but later moved to Matsuo village and is called Matsuo Myōjin. In a neighboring village there is Yoshino village, which is said to have originally been called Temi village).

¶Hattori Shrine (Note: in some texts "Hattori" is written with other characters. It now stands at Miyamae in Ama village in the Hattori estate in Ishii District and is called Nisho Hachiman-gū). In the sixteenth year of Jōgan (874), Junior Fifth Rank Upper was added to Junior Fifth Rank Lower.

¶Mitan Shrine (Note: it now stands in Mitani village and is called Buō Myōjin). In the sixteenth year of Jōgan (874), Junior Fifth Rank Upper was added to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). The above eight seats were all ranked as minor shrines under the Engi regulations (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Yakami District (19 shrines)

¶Ōe Shrine (3 shrines) (Note: it now stands in Takarabara village in the Ōe township and is called Takarabara Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto, Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto and Mihotsuhime-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Inaba Shi).

¶Tsuwachichigami Shrine (2 shrines), also called the Deity of Tsuwachi (Note: it now stands in Chiragi village and is called Ichi Myōjin. The shrine records say it enshrines Emperor Keikō and Yamato-takeru-no-Mikoto. According to the Inaba Shi, this is where the emperor once cut down a camellia tree, made a mallet from it, and struck down bandits on the banks of the Inaba River. But considering the Nihon Shoki, this is in truth an old story of Toyo-no-kuni. This account is probably mistaken and is not adopted).

¶Shionokami Shrine (2 shrines), also called the Deity of Shiono (Note: it now stands in Iwagami village and is called Shiogami Myōjin).

¶Tsuwanami Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: in some texts the character "mi" is written with another character, which is an error. It now stands in Wanami village and is called Gozu Tennō). It is said to enshrine Susanoo-no-Mikoto and Inadahime-no-Mikoto (Note: following the shrine's tradition).

¶Isonosachi Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: in some texts it is written "Isosaki." It now stands in Yasui village in Hattō District and is called Asazaki Myōjin. Isonosachi and Asazaki have the same meaning). In the first year of Ninju (851), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred on all five of the above shrines (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku. The original text writes the Ōe deity as Ō-no-Kami, but here the Ruijū Kokushi is followed).

¶Takamuku Shrine (2 shrines) (Note: it was originally on Mount Takao on the boundary between the two villages of Hongaku and Kano, but later moved to Hongaku village and is called Oka Myōjin). It appears to enshrine Takemukuchi-no-Mikoto, fourteenth-generation descendant of Ōnamuchi-no-Kami (Note: the other seat is not clear, but probably enshrines the deity of the Wakako family name, his consort). According to tradition, Takemukuchi served in the reign of Emperor Keikō and followed Yamato-takeru-no-Mikoto on the western campaign. On the way, someone reported: "In the mountain where the Inaba barbarians live there are bandits, called Arau, who do not submit to the sovereign's rule." The prince commanded Takemukuchi to go and subdue them. For that reason he was enshrined (Note: following the Ichinomiya Shishi Ifukube Keizu).

¶Ohi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Yadōra village in Hattō District and is called Ōi-no-miya).

¶Menuma Shrine (Note: it now stands in Hikita village and is called Nishihi Tennō). It is said to enshrine Inaba-no-Yakamihime-no-Mikoto, consort of Ōnamuchi-no-Kami (Note: following the shrine's tradition).

¶Watari Shrine (Note: it now stands in Tono village in Hattō District). It is said to enshrine Sarutahiko-no-Ōkami. It is said that in the reign of Emperor Keikō he was enshrined on Ōwatarijima in Chikuzen, and that in the time of Empress Jingū he was moved and enshrined in this place (Note: following the Wakan Sansai Zue and the legend of this shrine).

¶Kutami Shrine (Note: it now stands in Tani-Ichiki village and is called Kutai Myōjin).

¶Furutachi Shrine (Note: it now stands in Hiri village in Hattō District and is called Tachitachi Myōjin). According to tradition, in high antiquity a deity wielded a sword, cut down evil bandits and pacified the people of the land. They therefore enshrined that sword as a deity. It is also said that the deity was none other than Susanoo-no-Mikoto (Note: following the legend of the local people. Furutachi means "to wield a sword," as read).

¶Minusanuma Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "numa" is written as "ji." It now stands in Shinonami village in Hattō District and is called Imibe Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Ame-no-Futodama-no-Mikoto, ancestral deity of the Imibe (Note: following the shrine's tradition). Under the Engi regulations all nineteen seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Omi District (1 shrine)

¶Nakatomi-no-Sutake Shrine (Note: it stood in Hisasue village and was called Okamori Tennō, but has now been abolished. According to the legend of the local people, this shrine originally had no shrine building, and took as the dwelling of the deity a place where forest trees grew long and thick. In the past a deity possessed a person and said: "My body is like the forest trees, and I cannot live in a small shrine." For that reason it has the name Sutake. This account was forced together on the basis that sutake shares its reading with "tall in height," and should be called a fantastic tale). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a minor shrine. In Kamo District in Harima there is also a Sutake shrine, probably the same deity as this one (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Takakusa District (7 shrines)

¶Iwa Shrine (Note: it now stands at Ishimuro in Yoshiyama village and is called Ishimuro Myōjin). It is said to enshrine the Nigimitama (gentle spirit) of Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Harima Fudoki and the legend of the local people).

¶Shitori Shrine (Note: it now stands in Shitori village in the Shitori township and is called Shichitai Myōjin).

¶Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto Shrine (Note: it now stands in Fukui village and is called Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto Rokuō-sha). It enshrines Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Engishiki). In the ninth year of Jōgan (867), it was ranked among the official shrines with Senior Third Rank (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Ame-no-Hinatori-no-Mikoto Shrine (Note: it now stands in Ōhata village and is called Amawashi-no-miya). It enshrines Ame-no-Hinatori-no-Mikoto, also called Take-Hinateru-no-Mikoto (Note: also written Takehinadori or Takehirado-tori).

¶Atakatsu-Takemikuma-no-Mikoto Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "mikoto" is absent. It now stands in Mikura village. Beside the shrine are strange rocks, standing upright in shapes like pillars and beams, so many that their number cannot be known, and so it is popularly called Mikura-bashira Myōjin). It enshrines Takemikuma-no-Ushi, that is, Ōsei-no-Mikuma-no-Ushi (Note: following the Nihon Shoki and the Engishiki). In the seventh year of Jōgan (865), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Yamatosami-no-Mikoto Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "mikoto" is absent. It now stands in Kami-Sunami village in the Sunami estate and is called Hatasashi Myōjin. Sunami is precisely Sami, and the present reading "Sunami" is an error arising from reading the characters). It enshrines Yamatosami-no-Mikoto, probably a deity of the line of Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the general sense of the Sandai Jitsuroku and the Engishiki). In the seventh year of Jōgan (865), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Ōnomi-no-Sukune Shrine (Note: it now stands at Maruyama in Tokuo village in Nomi-ho and is called Ōnomi Myōjin). It enshrines Nomi-no-Sukune, who was a descendant of Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Shōjiroku and the Engishiki). In the eighth year of Jōgan (866), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations all seven seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki). Ake, a descendant of Nomi, governed generation after generation the private serfs (kakibe) of this province. In the reign of Emperor Yūryaku, they were presented to the court and made the Nie-no-Hajibe (potters providing offerings) (Note: following the Nihon Shoki). The five seats from Ame-no-Hohi-no-Mikoto onward were probably enshrined by his clan.

¶Keta District (5 shrines)

¶Toshikawa Shrine (Note: it now stands above Toshikawa in Hayaushi village and is called Ōmori Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Seoritsuhime-no-Mikoto (Note: following the Engishiki and the shrine's tradition).

¶Hatai Shrine (Note: it now stands in Kinumi village and is called Hataya Myōjin).

¶Kachimi Shrine (Note: it was originally at Nogeisan in Terauchi village in the Katsusuku township, but later moved to Iidamori at the foot of that mountain and is called Katsusuku Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Hikohohodemi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the shrine's tradition).

¶Itai Shrine (Note: it now stands at Itane in Oku-Sawami village and is called Itabuki Myōjin).

¶Shikanu Shrine (Note: it was originally at Nogeisan in Terauchi village in the Katsusuku township, but later moved to Iidamori at the foot of that mountain and is called Katsusuku Myōjin). It is said to enshrine the three deities Susanoo, Ōnamuchi and Sukunabikona (Note: following the account of the local people). Under the Engi regulations all five seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Shrines Not Recorded in the Official Registers

¶Suga Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "su" is written differently). It is now in Hōmi District (Note: the district name follows the Inaba Mindan and the Inaba Shi. It stands in Sugano village and is called Sugano Myōjin). It is said to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto and Yakamihime-no-Mikoto (Note: the deities' names follow the account of the local people). In the third year of Jōgan (861), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was added to Senior Sixth Rank Upper, and in the sixteenth year it advanced to Junior Fifth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Jūbu Shrine. It is now in Keta District (Note: following the Inaba Shi. It stands in Jūbu village and is called Jūbu Myōjin. Its coast is called Keta-no-saki). It is said to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Kami (Note: following the shrine's tradition). This deity, once wishing to take Yakamihime as his wife, came to Keta-no-saki, and the marriage came about because he had rescued the white hare in its distress. That place is this very site (Note: following the Kojiki). In the fourth year of Jōgan (862), it advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower, and in the sixteenth year Junior Fifth Rank Upper was added (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Uji Shrine. It is now in Ishii District (Note: the district name follows the account of the local people. It stands at Miyashita in Uji village). In the sixth year of Jōgan (864), it was ranked among the official shrines with Junior Fourth Rank Lower.

¶Kanzaki Shrine. It is now in Keta District (Note: the district name follows the Inaba Mindan and the Katsumi Meiseki Shi. It stands at Kanzaki in Narutaki village and is called Kanzaki Myōjin). In the seventeenth year of Jōgan (875), it advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower.

¶Aio Shrine. It is now in Keta District (Note: the district name follows the Inaba Mindan and the Inaba Shi. It stands in Aoya village and is called Aoya Myōjin. Judging from the present place name, Aio may possibly have been "Aiya," but since the various books all write "o," it is not arbitrarily altered here). In the first year of Gangyō (877), it rose from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower.

¶Inuyama Shrine. It is now in Chizu District (Note: the district name follows the Inaba Shi. It stands in Miyahara village and is called Ashio Myōjin). In the third year of Gangyō (879), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was added to Senior Sixth Rank Upper.

¶Mushii Shrine. It is now in Chizu District (Note: the district name follows the Inaba Shi. It stands at Ashizudani in Ōro village in the Yamagata township and is called Ashizu Myōken; it is the tutelary shrine of the township. Beside the shrine is Mushidani). In the seventh year of Gangyō (883), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred on it from Senior Sixth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku).

¶Hōki

¶Kawamura District (2 shrines)

¶Shitori Shrine (Note: it now stands on Mount Mikanmuri in Miyauchi village). In the fourth year of Jōwa (837), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the third year of Saikō (856), Junior Fifth Rank Upper was conferred (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a minor shrine (Note: following the Engishiki). In the third year of Tengyō (940), it advanced from Junior Third Rank to Senior Third Rank (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku. There is a shrine of the same name in Kume District of this province as well, and it is not clear to which shrine the conferral of rank was made. But since this shrine is called the Ichinomiya, it is recorded here for the time being). Later it was called the Ichinomiya of the province (Note: following the Ichinomiya Ki).

¶Hahaki Shrine (Note: in some texts it is written "Hōki." It now stands in Fukuba village and is called Komatsu Myōjin). In the fourth year of Jōwa (837), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the third year of Saikō (856), Senior Fifth Rank Lower was added (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku). In the ninth year of Jōgan (867), it advanced to Senior Fifth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations it was ranked as a minor shrine (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Kume District (2 shrines)

¶Shitori Shrine (Note: it now stands in Shitsu village and is called Sannomiya).

¶Kunisaka Shrine (Note: in some texts the character "kuni" is written as "kun." It now stands on Mount Kunisaka in Kunisaka village and is called Shinomiya). It is said to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto (Note: following the account of the local people). In the fourth year of Jōwa (837), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the third year of Saikō (856), Senior Fifth Rank Lower was added (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku). In the ninth year of Jōgan (867), it advanced to Senior Fifth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations both seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Aimi District (2 shrines)

¶Munakata Shrine (Note: in some texts "Muna" is written with another character. It now stands in Munakata village in the Munakata estate). In the third year of Saikō (856), Junior Fifth Rank Upper was conferred (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku).

¶Ōkamiyama Shrine. Also called the Deity of Ōyama (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki, the Montoku Jitsuroku and the Sandai Jitsuroku. It was originally at Ōkamidani in Maruyama village in Hino District, at the foot of Ōyama, but later moved to Fukumanbara in this district, and now stands in Odaka-Kamiichi village, where it is called Daichi Myōjin, also Ninomiya Myōjin). It appears to enshrine Ōnamuchi-no-Mikoto, with Susanoo-no-Mikoto and Ōyamatsumi-no-Mikoto enshrined alongside (Note: following the Jingi Shūi and the Hōki Shi. The Senjūshō says that in the reign of Empress Shōtoku the title was raised and it was called Daichi Myōjin, but that book was forced together with Buddhist teachings and is naturally not to be relied on. It is also said that Ōkamiyama is the Ōkamidake mentioned in the Izumo Fudoki. According to the Fudoki, one suspects it enshrines Yatsukamizuomitsuno-no-Mikoto. This is added for reference). In the fourth year of Jōwa (837), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki). In the third year of Saikō (856), Senior Fifth Rank Lower was added (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku). In the ninth year of Jōgan (867), it advanced to Senior Fifth Rank Upper (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku). Under the Engi regulations both seats were ranked as minor shrines (Note: following the Engishiki).

¶Shrines Not Recorded in the Official Registers

¶Ōtarashihiko Shrine. It is not known in which district it now stands. In the third year of Saikō (856), Junior Fifth Rank Upper was conferred.

¶Minato Shrine. It is now in Kawamura District (Note: it stands in Hashizu village).

¶Kamo Shrine. Its location is now unknown (Note: according to the Kamo-sha Monjo, the lands of this shrine's domain in this province are called the Hoshikawa estate and the Inazumi estate. These must surely be where this shrine stood, but it is not clear now). In the ninth year of Jōgan (867), both shrines were granted Junior Fifth Rank Lower from Senior Sixth Rank Upper.

¶Katsunosukune Shrine and Kokuchōura Shrine. Both are now in Kume District (Note: the Katsunosukune shrine is in Shimo-Tanaka village and is called Shimo-Tanaka-sha. To the west of the shrine is a place called Miyamoto, which is its old site. To its west is the Katsusuku River, and also Katsubeda, both of which preserve the shrine's name. The Kokuchōura shrine is at Nishihata in Kokubunji village). In the thirteenth year of Jōgan (871), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was conferred on the deity Katsunosukune from Senior Sixth Rank Upper, and in the fifteenth year the deity Kokuchōura was also granted Junior Fifth Rank Lower.

¶Miwa Shrine. It is now in Aimi District (Note: it stands in Konami village, and its old site is on Mount Miwa. It is said to be eight chō east to west and six chō north to south, with foundation stones still remaining). In the fifteenth year of Jōgan (873), Junior Fifth Rank Lower was added to Senior Sixth Rank Upper.

¶Ame-no-Saname Shrine. Its location is now unknown. In the sixteenth year of Jōgan (874), it rose from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower.

¶Amateru-Takahime Shrine (Note: in Hiekitsu village in Aimi District there is one called the Amaterasu-Ōkami shrine, which is thought to correspond to it).

¶Ame-no-Kannabi Shrine. It is now in Yabase District (Note: it stands at Akasaki Station).

¶Amataka Shrine. It is now in Kawamura District (Note: it stands at Miyatani in Yaya village). In the seventh year of Gangyō (883), all three shrines advanced from Senior Sixth Rank Upper to Junior Fifth Rank Lower (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku. The district names follow the account of the local people).