Treatise 29: Clans VI

¶The Mononobe clan, the Yuge clan, the Karakuni clan, the Ochi clan, the Yoshibuchi clan, the Hata clan, the Tsukushi clan, the Kurusu clan, the Agatatsukai clan, the Tsumikumi clan, the Isonokami clan, the Hi clan, the Tsukigome clan, the Karube clan, the Suki clan, the Kumagori clan, the Ato clan, the Yoshishina clan, the Kumano clan, the Shiki clan, the Kusakabe clan, the Isayama clan, the Urushibe clan, the Wakasakurabe clan, the Enoi clan, the Uneme clan, the Hozumi clan, the Moitori clan, the Inabe clan, the Harusumi clan, the Wakayue clan, the Owarida clan, the Uji clan, the Sai clan, the Uchida clan, the Nukata clan, the Yatabe clan, the Okino clan, the Kashiwabara clan, the Kadono clan, the Tomi clan, the Sone clan, the Kinunui clan, the Sayabe clan, the Yoshitomo clan, the Tsu clan, the Naki clan, the Hasegayama clan, the Amibe clan, the Harumichi clan, the Kazahaya clan, the Hase-no-Okisome clan, the Yazume clan, the Takahashi clan, the Anmaku clan, the Ōyake clan, the Magamibe clan, the Imaki clan, the Makamida clan, the Takaya clan, the Kannagibe clan, the Shibagaki clan, the Nishikibe clan, the Yahara clan, the Tai clan, the Amachikazura clan, the Osakabe clan, the Niinomi clan, the Tabe clan, the Hasebe clan, the Tatsuno clan, the Sakurajima clan, the Karuma clan, the Takaoka clan, the Ōsada clan, the Shimabe clan, the Yakata clan, the Takakari clan, the Hirozumi clan, and the Michimori clan, together with the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Mikawa, Mino-no-Shiri, Matsura (Note: reading uncertain), Tsukuba, Tōtōmi, Suruga, Matsutsu, Kuno, Kuji, and Izu, are all descendants of Nigihayahi-no-Mikoto.

¶The Mononobe clan includes those with the surname Ason and those with the surname Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) There are also those with the surname Obito, and those without any surname. In addition there are the Yosami-no-Ason, the Yosami-no-Muraji, the Tagi-no-Sukune, the Tagi-no-Muraji, the Sōsa-no-Sukune, the Shida-no-Muraji, the Nakahara-no-Sukune, the Isono-no-Muraji, the Katano-no-Muraji, and Asuka, and so on, all of which bear "Mononobe" before their names. Those of the Obito surname, together with the Yosami-no-Muraji and Asuka, all had Kawachi as their place of registration. Those without a surname were registered in the Left Capital and in Kawachi and Izumi, and the Katano-no-Muraji were registered in the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. The Yosami-no-Ason, the Tagi-no-Sukune and Tagi-no-Muraji, and the Isono-no-Muraji are from the Shoku Nihongi. The Sōsa-no-Sukune is from the Shoku Nihon Kōki. The Shida-no-Muraji is from the Kuji Hongi. The Nakahara-no-Sukune is from the Nihon Kōki.) Nigihayahi-no-Mikoto received the command of the heavenly deities, descended from heaven, and came to dwell at Shiraniwa Mountain in Tomi in Ōyamato. When Emperor Jinmu marched east, he led his people and submitted. His son Umashimade-no-Mikoto led the Ame-no-Mononobe, subdued the rebels and quelled the disorder, and truly achieved great merit. The Emperor commended him and showed him favor, and by edict had him stand guard within the palace, calling him "Sukune." Umashimade begot Umashinida-no-Mikoto (Note: Umashimade is written in one text as Umashimachi, and also as Umashimaji. Nigi is written in one text with the characters for Ninigi.) and Hikoyuki-no-Mikoto. (Note: written in one text with different characters for Hikoyuki, and also as Hikoyuki with yet another set of characters.) Hikoyuki begot Izumo-no-Shikoomi-no-Mikoto (Note: Shikoomi is written in one text as Shikoō-omi, and also as Irome-o.) and Izushikokoro-no-Ōomi-no-Mikoto. Izushikokoro begot Ōmizuguchi-no-Sukune and Ōyaguchi-no-Sukune. Ōyaguchi begot Utsushikoo-no-Mikoto and Ōheso-no-Kine-no-Mikoto. (Note: written in one text with different characters for Ōheso.) Ōheso-no-Kine begot Ikagashikoo-no-Mikoto. (Note: written in one text as Ikagashikoo, with the final element also written with a variant character.) Ikagashikoo begot Takeikagachi-no-Mikoto, Tabe-no-Mikoto, Yasuketsumi-no-Mikoto, Ōniikawa-no-Mikoto, Tochine-no-Mikoto, Takeniikawa-no-Mikoto, Ōmeshi-no-Mikoto, and Kitsuwake-no-Mikoto. (Note: Kitsuwake is from the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) Ōniikawa and Tochine were first granted the surname Mononobe-no-Muraji in the reign of Emperor Suinin. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) Tochine's son Ikui-no-Sukune followed Emperor Chūai on his western campaign; Ikui's son Isoko-no-Sukune begot Ikofu (Note: Isoko is written in one text with different characters.), and Ikofu became Ōmuraji in the reign of Emperor Richū and begot three sons, Maguri, Futsukuru (Note: written in one text with different characters, the last syllable also being written in another form.) and Me. Me begot Arayama, Arayama begot Oki, and Oki begot Moriya. In the reign of Emperor Sushun, Moriya exerted all his strength to suppress the Buddhist Law, fell into a bitter feud with Soga-no-Ōomi Umako, and was destroyed at his hands. The Mononobe clan, from the time after Ōniikawa and Tochine, held the post of Ōmuraji generation after generation, and the whole house flourished greatly. (Note: the Kuji Hongi and the Nihon Shoki were consulted.) What the world called the "eighty Mononobe clans" used "eighty" as a term for prosperity. (Note: following the Man'yōshū, the Senkaku Man'yō-shō, and the Fusōshū.) After Moriya was destroyed, the main line gradually declined, and two of its branch clans, the Enoi and the Isonokami, rose in its place. (Note: following the general contents of the Nihon Shoki and the Kuji Hongi.)

¶In the eleventh year of Emperor Temmu, the Mononobe-no-Obito were granted the surname Muraji. In the twelfth year the Muraji were changed to Ason. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Mononobe-no-Obito Hirotomo, Acting Assistant of the Bureau of Medicine (Tenyaku-no-Gon-no-Jō), a man of Kazahaya District in Iyo, (Note: Tomo is written in one text as Izumi.) and his younger brother Masamune and others changed their registration to the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki. That he was a man of Kazahaya District is from the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Montoku, Hirotomo was granted the surname Ason anew. (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Karita-no-Obito Kuratsugu and others, of Junior Seventh Rank Upper, men of Uma District in Iyo, were granted the surname Mononobe-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku. ○ Note by the compilers: the Tōdaiji Zatsuroku says that in the reign of Emperor Murakami there was a certain Mononobe-no-Sukune, Senior Secretary of the Left (Sadaishi), so perhaps some of this clan were also granted Sukune. It is added here for reference.) Among the Mononobe-no-Muraji there are also those descended from Ame-no-Michine-no-Mikoto; these are a different line. The lineage of the Obito surname comes from Umashimade, and among the descendants of Hikokuni-oshihito, a son of Emperor Kōshō, there are also Mononobe-no-Obito; the lineage of those without a surname comes from Maguri's brother Oki. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the sixth year of Wadō under Empress Genmei, Ōtomo-no-Sukune Michitari, Governor of Sanuki, reported: "Mononobe-no-Midare and twenty-five others, men of Samukawa District under my jurisdiction, have been ranked as good commoners ever since the Kanoe-Uma year. But at the household census of the Kanoe-Tora year they were mistakenly assigned to the class of feeders (shikachō). We humbly request that they be restored to the good class." This was permitted. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Mononobe-no-Miyamori, Junior Clerk of the Treasury (Kura-no-Shōsakan), a man of Yamada District in Owari, and Mononobe-no-Hironori, Professor of Pronunciation (Oto-hakase), a man of Ae District in Ōmi, and others, all changed their registration to the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Mononobe-no-Yoshimune, Secretary of the Daijōkan (Shishō), a man of Tagi District in Mino, changed his registration to Atago District in Yamashiro. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) Perhaps all of these were of this clan. As for the Mononobe-Yosami clan, in the reign of Emperor Shōmu, Mononobe-Yosami-no-Muraji Hitoai, of Senior Sixth Rank Lower, was granted the surname Ason. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) There are also those called simply Yosami-no-Muraji, registered in the Left and Right Capitals and descended from Oki. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The entry for the Yosami-no-Muraji of the Right Capital in the same book says they are descendants of Ikofu. The Kuji Hongi says they are descendants of Hata, a son of Oki. These accounts agree. However, the later text of the Kuji Hongi further makes Kuretarune, a son of Mononobe-no-Muraji Masara, the ancestor of this clan, which is probably an error.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku, Yosami-no-Miyatsuko Isoyomaro, of Junior Sixth Rank Upper, a man of Shiki District in Kawachi, and Satogami, of Junior Sixth Rank Lower, of the same surname and of Tajihi District, and others, were granted the surname Muraji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) Among the foreign-origin clans of Kudara (Paekche) there is also a Yosami-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) As for the Mononobe-Tagi clan, its lineage is not known. In the reign of Emperor Kōnin, Tagi-no-Muraji Kuniatari and others of the Left Capital, of Senior Eighth Rank Lower, were granted the name Mononobe-Tagi-no-Sukune, and Mononobe-no-Sakamaro and others, men of Tagi District in Mino, were granted the name Mononobe-Tagi-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) The Mononobe-Sōsa clan comes from Okoto, a son of Oki. (Note: the origin of the lineage is from the Kuji Hongi.) Okoto once received the sessetsu (ceremonial sword of command), marched east and achieved merit, and first established Sōsa District in Shimōsa, and took his clan name from it. In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Mononobe-Sōsa-no-Muraji Kumai, a man of Shimōsa and Commander of the Garrison (Chinju-shōgun), was granted Sukune anew, and his registration was assigned to the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) The Mononobe-Shida-no-Muraji (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. ○ Sometimes written with different characters for Shida.) are also called simply Shida-no-Muraji, and come from Okoto. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi; the Shoku Nihon Kōki was also consulted.) In the reign of Emperor Kōtoku, Mononobe-no-Kawachi, of the Lesser Mountain Upper rank (Shō-sen-jō), and Mononobe-no-Aizu, of the Greater Otsu Upper rank (Dai-otsu-jō), and others petitioned Takamuko-no-Omi, the Governor-General of Bandō, (Note: his personal name is missing.) to divide the two districts of Tsukuba and Ibaraki in Hitachi and establish Shida District. (Note: following the Hitachi Fudoki.) This clan probably arose from this. In the reign of Empress Genshō, Mononobe-no-Kuniyori, a man of Shida District, was granted the name Shida-no-Muraji, and in the reign of Emperor Kanmu there was Mononobe-Shida-no-Muraji Miyamochi, Senior District Governor (Taibu) of Shida District. (Note: following the Nihon Kōki. ○ Note by the compilers: Shimōsa and Hitachi share a border. Probably the descendants of Okoto multiplied in both provinces, and those among them who lived at Shida petitioned for the establishment of this district and named it accordingly, just as in the case of the Sōsa clan.) In the reign of Emperor Murakami there was Shida-no-Muraji Mototatsu, Sergeant of the Chinjufu (Garrison Headquarters). (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.) The Mononobe-Nakahara-no-Sukune: their lineage is not known. In the reign of Emperor Saga, Mononobe-no-Toshihisa, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower, a man of Mikawa, was granted the name Mononobe-Nakahara-no-Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Kōki.) The Mononobe-Isono-no-Muraji have likewise lost their origin. In the reign of Emperor Shōmu, Mononobe-no-Yōzen, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper, was granted this surname. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) The Mononobe-Katano-no-Muraji (Note: Kata is sometimes written with the character for "Kō.") descend from Ikagashikoo. There are also those called simply Katano-no-Muraji, registered in the Right Capital and of the same lineage. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The Kuji Hongi says that Tabe-no-Sukune, a son of Ikagashikoo, was the ancestor of the Katano-no-Muraji, and also that Omitake-no-Muraji was the ancestor of the Katano-no-Muraji. Omitake-no-Muraji was a seventh-generation descendant of Tochine, so the lineage differs somewhat, but in both cases the clan descends from Ikagashikoo. It is not known which of the two accounts is correct, so both are recorded for reference.) A branch of this clan was the Yoshimune clan: in the reign of Emperor Yōzei, Katano-no-Muraji Michinushi, of Junior Fifth Rank Lower, a man of the Right Capital, and his kinsman Otomori, Junior Secretary of Ōmi (Ōmi-no-Shōsakan), were both granted the surname Yoshimune-no-Sukune. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) The Mononobe-Asuka clan also descends from Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ Note by the compilers: the Nihon Shoki records, in the reign of Emperor Keitai, a certain Mononobe-Ise-no-Muraji Chichine. The Shoku Nihongi records, in the reign of Emperor Kanmu, Mononobe-Umi-no-Muraji Iinushi, a palace woman attendant (nyoju). The Nihon Kōki records, in the reign of Emperor Kanmu, Mononobe-Kagami-no-Muraji Yakenushi, Junior District Governor (Shōryō) of Kami District in Tosa. The Ruijū Kokushi records, in the reign of Emperor Saga, a daughter of Mononobe-Fumi-no-Muraji Matashiki, a man of Kami District, who was the wife of Yakenushi. The Shoku Nihon Kōki records, in the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, that Kibitsuhiko-be Ukanu and others were granted the surname Mononobe-Shiba-no-Muraji. The origins of all these clans are unclear, so they are provisionally appended here.)

¶Originally the Mononobe clan had under it the Five Be Miyatsuko and the Twenty-five Mononobe, (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) the details of which appear in the Treatise on Military Affairs (Hei-shi). Among their descendants who appear in the histories are Tsukushi-no-Kikoe-no-Mononobe Ōonote in the reign of Emperor Yūryaku, Kume-no-Mononobe Iku-hi in the reign of Emperor Jomei, and Mononobe-Futada-no-Miyatsuko Shio in the reign of Emperor Kōtoku. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Kanmu there was Niheta-Mononobe-no-Obito Toshitari, (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) and by the reign of Emperor Saga there were such families as the Sakato-Mononobe, the Futada-Mononobe, and the Aizuki-Mononobe. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In later ages there was the Wada clan, descended from Moriya. A man called Wada Kurō attached himself to Ashikaga Takauji, held the fief of Inō village in Ise, and afterwards called himself Inō. (Note: following the Ise Kokushi Denki.)

¶The Yuge clan includes those with the surname Ason, those with Sukune, and those with Muraji. The Sukune were registered in the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. Ason and Muraji are from the Shoku Nihongi.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Yuge-no-Muraji were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku, Yuge-no-Sukune Ushikai and others, of Junior Fifth Rank Lower, were granted Ason, and Yuge-no-Muraji Mimitaka and thirty-seven others, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower, were granted Sukune. In the sixth year of Hōki under Emperor Kōnin, an edict ordered: "Those of the Yuge-no-Muraji kin who, in the Tenpyō-Hōji years, were granted such surnames as Yuge-no-Mikiyo-no-Ason and Yuge-no-Sukune shall all revert to their former surnames." (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Yuge-no-Muraji Koreo, a diviner of yin and yang (onmyōji), a man of Shikama District in Harima, together with his father Yasuhito, was registered in Ōagata District in Kawachi and afterwards changed his registration to the Right Capital. Koreo was later granted Sukune. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there were Yuge-no-Masakoto, Judge of the Board of Audit (Kageyu-no-hōgan), and Yuge-no-Kiyosada, Junior Secretary (Shō-geki), (Note: following the Geki Nikki.) and Yuge-no-Kiyoshige, Senior Official of the Bureau of Carpentry (Mokuryō-chōjō); (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) perhaps they were of this kin. (Note: the compilers observe that in the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji there is a Yuge-no-Wakamaro, a man of Izumo, in the reign of Emperor Shōmu. The Shinsen Shōjiroku says that the three branches of the Yuge clan were all Sukune and that there was no Obito surname. It is also unknown to which kin the Ōyuge belong. Both are appended for reference.) A branch of the Yuge clan later moved to Mikawa, where there are such clans as the Nagasaka, the Ueno, and the Hiraiwa. Ueno Terauji attached himself to Nitta Yoshioki and distinguished himself. (Note: following the Heika Chawa.)

¶The Karakuni clan have the surname Muraji, were registered in Izumi, and descend from Ikagashikoo. There are also the Mononobe-Karakuni-no-Muraji, registered in Settsu, of the same lineage. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) There are the Kadono-Karakuni-no-Muraji, descended from Shioko, an eighth-generation descendant of Ikagashikoo. (Note: Ko is sometimes written with the character for "child.") There are the Mishima-Karakuni-no-Muraji, descended from Kaneko, a younger brother of Shioko. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Emperor Buretsu, because their ancestor went as an envoy to Karakuni (Korea), the clan name was conferred on that account. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) A branch of this clan was the Takahara clan. In the reign of Emperor Kanmu, Karakuni-no-Muraji Minamoto, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower, reported: "We, Minamoto and the others, are descendants of the Mononobe-no-Ōmuraji. The Mononobe kin divided according to place of residence and function and became one hundred and eighty clans. Our ancestor Shioko received this name because his father and grandfather went as envoys to Karakuni. But to be an old clan of the court and yet bear the name Karakuni is almost like belonging to a foreign stock. We humbly request that it be changed, in accord with our place of residence, to the surname Takahara-no-Muraji." This was permitted. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. The character for Muraji is from one text of the present work and from the Nihon Kōki. ○ In the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji there is, in the Tenpyō years, a Karakuni-no-Kimi Sami, a clerk (shishō) in Iga. The Kimi surname has an unknown lineage, so it is provisionally appended here.)

¶The Ochi clan (Note: sometimes written with different characters for Ochi.) includes those with the surname Sukune, (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) those with the surname Atai, (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku and the Kuji Hongi.) and the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) Those of the Atai surname were registered in the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) Koshichi-no-Mikoto (Note: reading uncertain), a grandson of Ōniikawa, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Ōjin. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku there was Ochi-no-Atai Asukamaro, Senior District Governor (Taibu) of Ochi District in Iyo. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Kanmu, Ochi-no-Atai Osotsugu, of Junior Seventh Rank Lower, a man of Iyo, was registered in the Left Capital. (Note: following the Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Ochi-no-Atai Toshitari, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper, a man of the Left Capital, and Hironari, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper, of the same surname and a man of Ochi District, and others, were granted Sukune anew. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Shirakawa there was Ochi-no-Sukune Nagako, an uneme (palace attendant) of Iyo. (Note: following the Chōya Gunsai.) In the reign of Emperor Horikawa there were Ochi-no-Sukune Tsunenori, Junior Secretary of Yamato (Yamato-no-Shōjō), and Munemitsu of the same surname, Junior Official of Iga (Iga-no-Shōsakan). (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.) Now in the reign of Emperor Monmu there was a man named Ochi-no-Tamaoki, who became Senior District Governor of Iyo. (Note: the source does not say which district, but it was probably Ochi District.) Tamaoki's younger brother Tamazumi settled at Kōno, and his descendants became the Kōno clan. Tamazumi's son Masuo became a district official of Suhi District, and his descendant in the sixth generation, Yoshikata, became Ochi Ōryōshi (Provincial Police Commander) in the reign of Emperor Suzaku. Yoshikata's twelfth-generation descendant Chikatsune begot Chikakiyo. Chikakiyo had no son, and prayed to the deity of Mishima and begot Michikiyo. (Note: following the Kōno Keizu and the Yoshōki. ○ Note by the compilers: in the genealogies of these two books it is said that Hikosashima, a son of Emperor Kōrei, had three sons; the eldest settled at Izu Mishima and became the Ōyake and Iohara clans; the second settled at Kojima in Bizen and became the Miyake clan; the youngest was named Ochi and settled on Wake Island in Iyo, and his grandson took the name as the clan name. It is said that in the time of Tamazumi, his descendant of more than ten generations, the name was changed to Ochi in a different writing. Probably the readings of the two writings of "Ochi" are mutually interchangeable, and the change was made to avoid the personal name of an ancestor. Moreover, the kin took the name Kōno from the place where they lived. Ietoki, a fourteenth-generation descendant of Tamazumi, had no son, and took as son-in-law Tameyo, the tenth son of Emperor Saga, and had him continue the Kōno clan. Chikatsune, a sixth-generation descendant of Tameyo, likewise had no heir, and adopted a son of Minamoto-no-Yoriyoshi as his successor and gave him his own daughter as wife; this was Chikakiyo, it is said. But when we now examine the national histories, there is no record that Hikosashima was enfeoffed in Iyo. Probably Hikosashima, a great-grandson of Emperor Sujin, was mistaken for Hikosashima the son of Emperor Kōrei, and it was not realized that they were different persons of the same name. Furthermore, the Genji genealogies say that the tenth son of Emperor Saga was named Hiroshi and was granted the surname Minamoto-no-Ason. There is also no fact that a son of Yoriyoshi, without a given name, or a man called Chikakiyo, continued the Kōno clan. Probably the two books fabricated this account on the ground that Hiroshi and Yoriyoshi had both been Governor of Iyo. The two books also say that Chikatsune's daughter became the wife of Chikakiyo and had relations with the deity of Mishima and bore Michikiyo, but these words are wild and absurd and not worth believing. In fact, the Ochi clan was originally a Shinbetsu clan, and the Shinsen Shōjiroku already gives clear proof of it. The family accounts are almost all forced and far-fetched fabrications; with the long passage of time, the traditions were corrupted and mistaken, and in the end produced such discrepancies. Here all of these are omitted, and what is somewhat coherent in reason is adopted and recorded.) In the Juei disturbance, Michikiyo sided with the Minamoto and held Takanawa Castle in Iyo, but was killed by Gaku Saijaku (Note: reading uncertain). His son Michinobu cut down Saijaku and avenged him. (Note: following the Genpei Jōsuiki.) In the reign of Emperor Go-Daigo, the Doi and Tokuno clans of the Kōno kin were loyal to the sovereign and distinguished themselves. (Note: following the Taiheiki.) Their story appears in their own biographies.

¶The Ochi clan lived in Iyo generation after generation, and its branches prospered. A descendant of Tamazumi several generations removed was named Tamesumi, and he begot Tameyo, Toriyori, and Tametoki. Tameyo called himself Nii, and among his descendants are such clans as the Ukena, the Ochi, the Haishi, the Takechi, the Agawa, the Shimayama, the Yoshida, the Takahashi, the Sufu, the Kuwamura, and the Aita. Toriyori later became the Betsugū clan. Tametoki later became the Kawano clan, and there are also the Saijō, Kuwabara, Kinoshita, Ōi, Kazahaya, Kita, Yu, Kume, Wake, Teramachi, Hōjō, Hisakata, Ōuchi, Fukuzumi, Hisaeda, Murakami, Hyūga, Nyūgawa, Beppu, Minami, and Hitotsuyanagi clans, all of whom are of this kin, though the Kōno are the most famous. (Note: following the Nii Betsugū Keizu; the Kōno Keizu was also consulted.)

¶The Yoshibuchi clan descend from the Ochi-no-Atai. In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Ochi-no-Atai Hiromine, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower, a man of the Left Capital, was granted the surname Yoshibuchi-no-Ason. Hiromine was originally a man of Ochi District in Iyo. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) Among the descendants of Hoakari-no-Mikoto, grandson of Heaven, there is also a Yoshibuchi-no-Ason.

¶The Hata clan have the surname Imiki and were registered in Yamashiro.

¶The Tsukushi clan have the surname Muraji and were registered in Yamashiro; their lineage comes from Umashimade.

¶The Kurusu clan have the surname Muraji and were registered in Kawachi. The Agatatsukai clan have the surname Obito and were registered in Yamato. The Tsumikumi clan have the surname Miyatsuko and were registered in Kawachi. All descend from Umashimade.

¶The Isonokami clan have the surname Ason and were registered in the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) Mononobe-no-Muraji Maro, a seventeenth-generation descendant of Umashimade, was granted Ason anew in the reign of Emperor Temmu, and then further granted the surname Isonokami-no-Ason. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi. ○ The Nihon Shoki says that in the eleventh year of Emperor Temmu the Isonokamibe-no-Miyatsuko were granted the surname Muraji, but this was probably not this kin. Since their origin is not known, it is appended here.) In the reign of Emperor Kōnin, Isonokami-no-Ason Yakatsugu, of Junior Third Rank, petitioned to revert to his original surname of Mononobe-no-Omi, but afterwards was granted Isonokami-no-Ason once more. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. ○ Ason is sometimes written in the present work as Ō-Ason.) In the reign of Emperor Daigo, Isonokami-no-Namimatsu, a man of Yamabe District in Yamato, was granted court rank. (Note: following the Kokin Wakashū. The place name is from the Wamyō Shō.) He was of this kin.

¶The Hi clan include those with the surname Sukune, registered in the Left Capital, and those with the surname Muraji, registered in Kawachi. The lineage of the Muraji comes from Isoko. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Hi-no-Muraji were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō there was Hi-no-Muraji Sadamaru, Junior Clerk of the Left Gate Guards (Saemon-no-Shōshi). (Note: Muraji is written in the present work with the character for "cart," which is an error and is corrected here.) In the reign of Emperor Suzaku there was Hi-no-Sukune Masamori, Senior Secretary of the Left (Sadaishi). (Note: following the Seiji Yōryaku.)

¶The Tsukigome clan include those with the surname Sukune and those with the surname Muraji. The Sukune were registered in the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. Muraji is from the inscription on the bell of Myōshinji.) The establishment of the Tsukigome-be in the reign of Emperor Nintoku probably marks the origin of this clan. In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Tsukigome-no-Muraji were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Monmu there was Tsukigome-no-Muraji Hirokuni, Kōri Miyatsuko of Kasuya in Chikuzen. (Note: following the bell inscription of Myōshinji. Chikuzen is from the Wamyō Shō.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Tsukigome-no-Sukune Hitotari, Junior Recorder of the Treasury Ministry (Ōkura-no-Shōroku). (Note: following the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji.)

¶The Karube clan have the surname Miyatsuko and were registered in the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Karube-no-Miyatsuko Yumihari, a man of Shima-no-kami District in Settsu. (Note: following the register of slaves of Tōdaiji.)

¶The Nakatomi-Suki clan have the surname Ason, were registered in the Right Capital, and have a lineage from Umashinida. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) There are also those called simply Suki-no-Muraji; in the reign of Emperor Monmu there was Suki-no-Muraji Morokuni, of Shinkōsan rank. In the reign of Empress Genshō, Nakatomi-Suki-no-Muraji Kasamaro and others, of Junior Eighth Rank Upper, were granted Ason. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.)

¶The Nakatomi-Kumagori clan have the surname Ason, were registered in the Right Capital, and descend from Umashinida. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Empress Genshō, Nakatomi-Kumagori-no-Muraji Komaro and others, of Junior Sixth Rank Upper, were granted Ason. In the reign of Emperor Shōmu, Nakatomi-Kumagori-no-Ason Momoshima dropped "Nakatomi" and called himself simply Kumagori-no-Ason. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.)

¶The Ato clan (Note: sometimes written with other characters, and also with a third form) descend from Umashinida. There are those with the surname Sukune, registered in the Left Capital and Yamashiro, and those with the surname Muraji, registered in Yamashiro, Settsu, and Izumi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Tenji, the monk Gien belonged to the Ato clan and was a man of Takechi District in Yamato. (Note: following the Konjaku Monogatari. ○ According to the same work, in the reign of Emperor Shōmu the monk Genbō also belonged to the Ato clan and was likewise a man of Yamato. The Nihon Ryōiki says that the monk Zenju at first bore the name Ato-no-Muraji (written with a different character) and lived in Yamabe District in Yamato. From this it appears that this clan also had members registered in Yamato.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Ato-no-Muraji were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Empress Genshō, Ato-no-Muraji Hitotari and others, of Senior Eighth Rank Lower, were granted Sukune. In the reign of Empress Shōtoku, Ato-no-Miyatsuko Koro and others, men of the Left Capital, were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Ato-no-Muraji Tsugumaro (written with a variant first character) and seventy others, gate guards of the Left Gate Guards, men of Toshima District in Settsu, were changed back to Ato-no-Muraji. Tsugumaro had originally been Ato-no-Muraji, but because his grandfather Otokiyo had mistakenly signed with the variant clan character in the Tenpyō years, he petitioned to have it corrected by examining the register of the Kanoe-Uma year. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Daigo there was Ato-no-Sukune Harumasa, Senior Secretary of the Outer Bureau (Dai-geki). (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō. ○ Note by the compilers: in the old documents of Tōdaiji there is, in the first year of Shōtai (898), a certain Ato-no-Muraji Harumasa, Recorder of the embassy to Tang (Kentō Rokuji) and Senior Secretary of the Left, and probably this man afterwards changed to Sukune. Further, the Shoku Nihongi records Suguri Kudara in the reign of Emperor Monmu and Kami-no-Suguri Michimasa in the reign of Empress Genshō; both were granted Ato-no-Muraji, but they were probably of a different kin from this one. Appended for reference.) In the reign of Emperor Suzaku there was Ato-no-Masunaga, Sergeant of the Left Military Guards (Sahyōe-no-banchō). In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Ato-no-Saku, Junior Recorder of the Ministry of Ceremonial (Shikibu-no-Shōroku). (Note: following the Geki Nikki.)

¶The Yoshishina clan descend from the Ato clan. In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Ato-no-Muraji Awamaro, Senior Assistant Secretary of the Bureau of Buddhism and Aliens (Genba-no-Daijō), a man of the Left Capital, Ato-no-Sukune Ishinari, Senior Clerk of the Palace Bureau (Tonomo-no-Daisakan), and Ato-Mononobe-no-Sadanori, Assistant of the Bureau of Yin and Yang (Onmyō-no-Jō), and others, were all granted Yoshishina-no-Sukune. Sadanori had originally been a man of Nishinari District in Settsu, but changed his registration to the Right Capital. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.)

¶The Kumano clan have the surname Muraji, were registered in Yamashiro, and have a lineage from Umashinida. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) There was also a Kuni-no-Miyatsuko: Ōato-no-Sukune, a fifth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku there was Kumano-no-Atai Hirohama, the Muro uneme, (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) who probably belonged to the kin of the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko. Among the descendants of the Kumano-no-Muraji are two clans, the Wada and the Kase. The Wada were for generations shrine officials (shaji) of the Kumano Hongū. (Note: following the Zoku Nankō Zatsuroku.)

¶The Shiki clan (Note: sometimes written with different characters for Shiki, and also with the characters for the Yamato place name) include those registered in Yamato, who have the surname Muraji and a lineage from Hikoyuki, and those registered in Izumi, who have the surname Agatanushi and descend from Ōmeshi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ Note by the compilers: the Nihon Shoki says that Emperor Jinmu made his younger brother Shiki-no-Kurohaya the Shiki-no-Agatanushi. Probably his descendants had already died out, and descendants of Nigihayahi became Agatanushi. Appended for reference.) In the eleventh year of Emperor Temmu, the Shiki-no-Agatanushi were granted the surname Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.)

¶The Kusakabe clan were registered in Kawachi and descend from Hikoyuki. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Kōnin there was Kusakabe-no-Atai Yasutemaro (Note: reading uncertain), (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) who was probably of this kin. (Note: the compilers observe that the Shoku Nihongi says Kusakabe-no-Atai was granted the post of Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Izu. According to the Kuji Hongi, the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko were of the same ancestry as the Mononobe. The Kusakabe were probably of this kin, and this should be read together with the entry for the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Izu below.)

¶The Isayama clan have the surname Muraji, were registered in Kawachi, and descend from Izumo-no-Shikoomi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Isayama-no-Kimimaro, Provisional Junior District Governor of Shimoge District in Buzen. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Saga, Isayama-no-Kunishima and others, men of Kawachi, of Junior Seventh Rank Lower, were granted Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Kōki.)

¶The Urushibe clan have a lineage descending from Mimi-no-Sukune, a fourth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) There are those with the surname Sukune, those with Muraji, (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) and those with Miyatsuko. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Kōtoku there was Urushibe-no-Miyatsuko Maro, a man of Urushibe village in Uda District in Yamato. (Note: following the Nihon Ryōiki.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Urushibe-no-Miyatsuko were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. ○ The present work lacks the year and month of the conferral of the surname, and the Shūgaishō gives "Urushi-no-Sukune.") In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Urushibe-no-Atai Sumitari, a man of Izumo, and many of his kin lived in their home province. (Note: following the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji.) In the reign of Empress Kōken there was Urushi-no-Kimi Mitsukai, a man of Kasa District in Tango. (Note: following the old documents of Tōdaiji.) There are thus two surnames, Atai and Kimi, which perhaps share one origin. In the reign of Emperor Takakura, the monk Genkū belonged to the Urushi clan and was a man of Mimasaka. His ancestor in the fifth generation, Motokuni, became Ōryōshi (Provincial Police Commander) of Kume in his home province. (Note: following the Genkō Shakusho and the Enkō Daishi Gyōjō.) They were probably of this kin.

¶The Wakasakurabe clan have the surname Miyatsuko, were registered in the Right Capital and Izumi, and have a lineage descending from Izumo-no-Shikoomi. Nagamamuta, a fourth-generation descendant, was granted the surname Wakasakurabe-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Richū. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku and the Nihon Shoki.) The matter appears in the entry for the Wakasakurabe clan under the Imperial Branches (Kōbetsu).

¶The Enoi clan (Note: Enoi is also written with a different first character.) include those with the surname Ason, those with Muraji, (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) and those with Omi. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) There was also the Enoi-be, descended from Ōyaguchi and registered in Izumi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Kōtoku there was Mononobe-Enoi-no-Muraji Wakago. In the reign of Emperor Temmu there was Enoi-no-Muraji Oki, who became a meritorious subject of the Jinshin war and was granted the post of Uji-no-Kami. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) This branch of the clan rose from this time. In the second year of Emperor Monmu, at the Daijōsai (Great Thanksgiving Festival), Enoi-no-Ason Yamatomaro, of Chokkōshi rank, stood the great shield in place of the main line, the Mononobe. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi; the Nihon Shoki was also consulted.) After this, the Enoi and the Isonokami clans held that duty generation after generation. (Note: following the Jōgan Gishiki.) In the reign of Empress Genshō, Enoi-no-Muraji Nomaro (Note: reading uncertain), of Junior Eighth Rank Lower, was granted Ason. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Harusei-no-Sukune Shimakimi and his brother, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper, men of Hine District in Izumi, were granted Enoi-no-Ason anew. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Horikawa there was Enoi-no-Sadakazu. (Note: following the Geki Nikki.)

¶The Uneme clan have a lineage descending from Ōmizuguchi. There are those with the surname Ason, registered in the Right Capital, and those with the surname Omi, registered in Izumi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Uneme-no-Omi were granted Ason. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki. ○ Note by the compilers: the present work says that in the eleventh year of Emperor Temmu the Uneme-no-Miyatsuko were granted Muraji, and the Shaku Nihongi says that Miyatsuko is written there as Atai. The old documents of Tōdaiji include, in the Tenpyō-shōhō years, an Uneme-no-Atai Mashima, a man of Futakata District in Tajima. The Jimoku Taiseishō includes, in the reign of Emperor Horikawa, Unebe-no-Sukune Nobukata, Junior Secretary of Izumo. The origins of all these surnames are unknown, so they are appended here.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku, Uneme-no-Omi Yakamaro, a Right Ōtoneri (palace attendant), and Uneme-no-Omi Ietari, an attendant of the Uneme Office, men of Shimo-no-shima District in Settsu, and others, were granted Ason. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.)

¶The Hozumi clan include those with the surname Ason and those with Omi, and were registered in the Left Capital. The Ason descend from Ikagashikoo, and the Omi from Ōmizuguchi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The present work makes Ōmizuguchi a son of Ikagashikoo, which does not agree with the Kuji Hongi; for now the doubt is left standing.) In the reign of Emperor Kōshō, one of their ancestors presented rice and fodder, and for this was granted the title Hozumi. (Note: following the Kumano Kyūki and the Suzuki Keizu.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Hozumi-no-Omi were granted Ason. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Hozumi-no-Yasumasa, Junior Clerk of the Great Ōtoneri Office. (Note: following the Geki Nikki.) Among the kin who lived in Kii are such clans as the Enomoto, the Ui, the Udono, and the Suzuki. (Note: following the Suzuki Keizu.) The ancestor of the Suzuki clan was named Shigemoto. Shigemoto's descendants in the twenty-sixth generation were Shigeie and Shigekiyo. Shigekiyo called himself Kamei Rokurō, and together with Shigeie followed Minamoto-no-Yoshitsune. (Note: the Genpei Jōsuiki, the Suzuki Keizu preserved at Masui Shōsōji in Hitachi, and the Asaba-bon Suzuki Keizu were consulted.) Shigeie's great-grandson Shigenobu moved to Mikawa, became a shrine official of the Ichinomiya, and his descendants prospered. (Note: following the Asaba-bon Suzuki Keizu.) Shigeie had an uncle named Zen'ami, who likewise came to live in Kamo District in the same province, and his line also flourished. (Note: following the Suzuki Keizu.) In the time of the Northern and Southern Courts there was Suzuki Shigeyuki, Sakonoe-no-Shōgen (Lieutenant of the Left Palace Guards), who attached himself to Kusunoki Masashige and was famous for his loyalty to the sovereign. (Note: following the Suzuki Keizu preserved at Masui Shōsōji.)

¶The Moitori clan include those with the surname Ason, those with Sukune, and those with Muraji. The Muraji were registered in the Left and Right Capitals and have a lineage descending from Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. Ason and Sukune are from the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the eleventh year of Emperor Temmu, the Moitori-no-Miyatsuko were granted Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Moitori-no-Muraji Natsuko, of Junior Fifth Rank Lower, a man of the Left Capital, and the late Moitori-no-Muraji Eni, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower, and others, were granted Ason, and Moitori-no-Muraji Tsugundo, Clerk of the Water Office (Mondo-no-Reishi), and others, were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Go-Ichijō there was Moitori-no-Suetake, Fushō (Junior Clerk) of the Left Gate Guards Office. (Note: following the Shōyūki.)

¶The Inabe clan have the surname Miyatsuko, were registered in the Left Capital, and descend from Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ Note by the compilers: the Kuji Hongi says that among the be of Nigihayahi there was Amatsu-akaura, ancestor of the Inabe (written there with different characters). Probably the descendants of Nigihayahi held that be generation after generation and took the clan name from it.) In the reign of Emperor Yūryaku, Mononobe-no-Muraji Me and his kinsman Utashiro received an edict to attack rebels. Utashiro hesitated and did not advance, but Me immediately struck down the rebels. The Emperor thereupon took away the Inabe held by Utashiro and gave them to Me. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Kōkō there was Inabe-no-Miyatsuko Ariyoshi, Senior Assistant of the Bureau of Carpentry (Mokuryō-no-Daijō). (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.)

¶The Harusumi clan descend from the Inabe clan. In the reign of Emperor Junna, Inabe-no-Miyatsuko Yoshinawa and others, Junior Official of Hitachi, were granted the surname Harusumi-no-Sukune. Yoshinawa was a man of Inabe District in Ise; his grandfather was named Takaramaro and his father Toyoo, and they succeeded one another as district governors of that district. Yoshinawa changed his registration to the Left Capital, rose to prominence through letters and scholarship, reached the office of Senior Assistant Minister of Ceremonial (Shikibu-no-Taifu), and took part in presenting the Nihon Kōki. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Montoku, he was granted Ason anew. (Note: following the Montoku Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Harusumi-no-Ason Takako, a Chamberlain (Jijū), went to Ise to present offerings to the clan deity, and by edict was granted more than one thousand bundles of rice ears. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku. ○ Note by the compilers: the Engishiki says there is an Inabe Shrine in Inabe District in Ise. The Shoku Nihongi also says that in the reign of Empress Shōtoku there was Inabe-no-Fumimaro, a man of Inabe District. From this it appears that Inabe was the land where the ancestors of the Harusumi lived, and that the so-called clan deity must have been the Inabe Shrine.)

¶The Wakayue clan (Note: Yue is sometimes written with a different character.) include those with the surname Sukune and those with Muraji. The Sukune were registered in the Left Capital and Settsu and have a lineage descending from Ikagashikoo. The Muraji were registered in Kawachi and have a lineage descending from Ōmeshi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. Ōmeshi is from the Kuji Hongi. ○ The present work says they are descendants of Ikishiniikiho-no-Mikoto. According to the Kuji Hongi, Ikishiniikiho is another name for Nigihayahi, and he was probably taken as the founding ancestor in order to link the genealogy.) When Emperor Keikō made a progress to the eastern provinces, Ōmeshi and his son Toyohi (Note: Ōmeshi is written in the present work with different characters.) provided the imperial meals, and this is the ancestor of this clan. (Note: following the Honchō Gesshō.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Wakayue-no-Muraji (written with a variant character) were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki. ○ At the same time there was the Ōyue-no-Muraji, who were also granted Sukune, and who may be of the same kin. In the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji there are, in the Tenpyō and Keiun years, Ōyuebe-no-Nemaro, a man of Kikai District in Tōtōmi, and Hirabu of the same surname, a man of Hamana District, who were probably of this kin. Appended for reference.) In the reign of Empress Genshō, Wakayue-no-Muraji Yanushi, of Greater Initial Rank Lower, was granted Sukune. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Wakayue-no-Muraji Miyatari, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper, a man of Kawabe District in Settsu, and Nitaka of the same surname, Assistant of the Palace Bureau (Tonomo-no-Jō), and others, transferred their registration to the Right Capital. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Daigo there was Wakayue-no-Ietsune, Provisional Chōmonshi (a teacher of music). (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) In the reign of Emperor Suzaku there was Wakayue-no-Sanehira, Sergeant of the Right Military Guards (Uhyōe-no-banchō). In the reign of Emperor Go-Ichijō there was Wakayue-no-Akinori. (Note: following the Geki Nikki.) In the reign of Emperor Go-Suzaku there was Wakayue-no-Sukune Fumiyoshi, Provisional Junior Official of Harima. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.)

¶The Owarida clan descend from Ikagashikoo. There are those with the surname Sukune, registered in the Left Capital, and those with the surname Muraji, registered in the Right Capital. In the reign of Emperor Kinmei, because they opened up the Ayuta fields at Owarida, they were granted the surname Owarida-no-Ōmuraji. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The present work does not say who opened up the land, so it cannot now be determined. The Kuji Hongi makes Mutsumi-no-Sukune, a son of Izumo-no-Shikoomi, the ancestor of this clan, which does not agree with this account. It is not known which is correct.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Owarida-no-Muraji were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Owarida-no-Muraji Eto, Junior Official of the Bureau of Carpentry (Mokuryō-no-Shōsakan). (Note: following the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji.) In the reign of Emperor Yōzei there was Owarida-no-Sukune Haruo of the Left Palace Guards. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.)

¶The Uji clan (Note: sometimes written with the characters for Uji as in Uji no Michi) have the surname Sukune and were registered in Yamashiro. There are the Uji-Yamamori-no-Muraji, with the same place of registration as the Sukune. There are also the Ujibe-no-Muraji (Note: Uji is also written with a different character.), registered in Kawachi and Izumi. All have lineages descending from Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) Now, the two ancestors of the Uji-no-Muraji, Eotakanashi and Ototakanashi, served the Crown Prince Uji-no-Wakiiratsuko, (Note: following the Harima Fudoki. ○ The compilers observe that these two were probably descendants of Ikagashikoo, but there is now no means of verifying it.) and it was probably for this reason that the surname was granted. In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Uji-no-Muraji were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) Their kin lived for generations in Uji District in Yamashiro, serving as senior and junior district governors. In the Tenpyō-hōji years there was Uji-no-Muraji Maro, of Junior Eighth Rank Upper, a man of Ōkuni village. (Note: following the old documents of Tōdaiji.) In the reign of Emperor Yōzei, Uji-no-Sukune Tsunenaga and others, Junior Clerk of the Left Gate Guards, men of Uji District, transferred their affiliation to the Left Capital. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Suzaku there were Uji-no-Tōyō, Lieutenant of the Left Palace Guards, and Uji-no-Yoshitane, a junior attendant (kodoneri). (Note: following the Geki Nikki.) In the reign of Emperor Murakami there was Uji-no-Sukune Miyanari, a man of Kuwata District in Tanba. (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki.) In the reign of Emperor En'yū there was Uji-no-Sukune Tomomasa, Junior Inspector of the Dazaifu. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Uji-no-Sukune Morichika, Junior Recorder of the Ministry of War. (Note: following the Geki Nikki.) In the reign of Emperor Go-Ichijō there was Uji-no-Sukune Tadanobu, Junior Clerk of the Crown Prince's Household. (Note: following the Geki Nikki as cited in the Tenki.) Probably all were of this kin. (Note: the Shoku Nihongi says that in the reign of Empress Genshō there was Ujibe-no-Atai Arayama, Senior District Governor of Naka District in Hitachi. The old documents of Tōdaiji say that in the reign of Emperor Ninmyō there was Ujibe-no-Atai Nakanari. Perhaps these too were of the same kin. The Kuji Hongi also has an Ujibe-no-Miyatsuko, said to descend from Omitake, a seventh-generation descendant of Tochine. But the two surnames Miyatsuko and Atai are not recorded in the Shinsen Shōjiroku, so they are provisionally appended here.)

¶The Sai clan (Note: sometimes written with different characters as Sai) have the surname Sukune, were registered in Yamashiro, and have a lineage descending from Ikagashikoo. There are also those with the surname Muraji, registered in the Left Capital, Yamashiro, and Yamato. Their lineage descends from Isoko and from his son Mukiri-no-Sukune. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. The line of descent is from the Kuji Hongi.)

¶The Uchida clan have the surname Omi, were registered in the Right Capital and Settsu, and descend from Ikagashikoo.

¶The Nukata clan have the surname Omi, were registered in Yamashiro, and share an ancestor with the Uchida clan. (Note: the Izumo Fudoki mentions Nukatabe-no-Omi, Junior District Governor of Ōhara District in that province, who was probably of this kin.)

¶The Yatabe clan descend from Ikagashikoo. There are those with the surname Muraji, registered in the Left Capital; those with Obito, registered in Kawachi; those with Miyatsuko, registered in Settsu; and those without a surname, registered in Yamato. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Nintoku the Yatabe were established, and Ōwake, a great-great-grandson of Ikagashikoo, was made Miyatsuko. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the eleventh year of Emperor Temmu, the Yatabe-no-Miyatsuko were granted Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) Those without a surname descend from Ōniikawa. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku and the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Emperor Yōzei, Yatabe-no-Miyatsuko Toshito, a man of Samukawa District in Sanuki, transferred his registration to Atago District in Yamashiro. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Suzaku there was Yatabe-no-Sanemi, Provisional Junior Clerk of the Right Bureau of Horses. In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Yatabe-no-Tametada, Senior Lieutenant of the Gate Guards. (Note: following the Geki Nikki.) In the reign of Emperor Horikawa there was Yatabe-no-Sukune Hisayasu, Senior Secretary of Mutsu. In the reign of Emperor Go-Toba there was Yatabe-no-Sukune Munekane, Junior Secretary of Harima. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.) Probably Sukune was granted anew in later times.

¶The Okino clan descend from the Yatabe-no-Miyatsuko. In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Yatabe-no-Miyatsuko Satomimi, a man of Settsu, and his younger brother Sadanari and others, were granted the surname Okino-no-Sukune anew. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.)

¶The Kashiwabara clan have the surname Muraji, were registered in the Left Capital, and descend from Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Empress Jitō there was Kashiwabara-no-Hiroyama, a man of Shibukawa District in Kawachi, (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) who was probably of this kin.

¶The Kadono clan have the surname Muraji, were registered in the Left Capital, and descend from Ikagashikoo. There is also the surname Nakatomi-Kadono-no-Muraji, registered in Yamashiro, with a lineage descending from Ikui. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The present work gives Ikuhi, a ninth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu, Nakatomibe-no-Hoinemaro, of Senior Sixth Rank Lower, was granted the surname Nakatomi-Kadono-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) At about the same time there were Kadono-no-Ōmuraji Umakai, a Right Ōtoneri, and Tsugundo of the same surname, (Note: following the old documents of Tōdaiji.) who were probably of this kin.

¶The Tomi clan (Note: sometimes written with other characters for Tomi) have the surname Muraji, were registered in the Left Capital, and descend from Ikagashikoo. There are also those affiliated with Kawachi, whose lineage descends from Omae-no-Sukune, a son of Mukiri. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. Mukiri is from the Kuji Hongi. ○ Mukiri is also written as Mugiiri. According to the Kuji Hongi, among the be of Nigihayahi there was a Tomi-Mononobe, and this clan probably arose from it.) In the reign of Emperor Toba there was Tomi Narinori, a man of Kii, (Note: following the Chōya Gunsai. ○ The characters "Tomi" and "Tomi" are interchangeable in sound and reading.) who was probably a descendant.

¶The Sone clan (Note: sometimes written with a different character for Sone) have the surname Muraji, were registered in the Left and Right Capitals, and descend from Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Yōzei, Kurabe-no-Natsukage, of Junior Seventh Rank Upper, a man of Naka District in Awa, and eighteen others reverted to their original surname of Sone-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Junna there was Sone-no-Muraji Hirotoji, a man of Takakusa District in Inaba. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) Probably Sukune was granted anew in later times. In the reign of Emperor Horikawa there was Sone-no-Sukune Muneyuki, Provisional Junior Official of Higo. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.)

¶The Kinunui clan include those with the surname Muraji and those with Miyatsuko, and also those without a surname. The Miyatsuko were registered in the Left Capital; those without a surname were registered in Izumi and descend from Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. The Muraji surname is from the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Empress Suiko there was Kinunui-no-Tomo-no-Miyatsuko Yoshimichi. (Note: following the Nihon Ryōiki and the Fusō Ryakki. ○ The compilers observe that tomo-no-miyatsuko means the same as be-no-miyatsuko.) In the reign of Emperor Monmu, Kinunui-no-Miyatsuko Kōshi was granted Muraji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Kinunui-no-Muraji Hitogimi, Junior Clerk of the Right Capital. (Note: following the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji.) In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō there was a daughter of Kinunui-no-Miyatsuko Kanetsugu, a man of the Right Capital, who was honored with a gate-marker for her filial piety. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki. ○ The Nihon Shoki says that in the reign of Empress Saimei there was Ōkura-no-Kinunui-no-Miyatsuko Maro. In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, it says, the Kura-no-Kinunui-no-Miyatsuko were granted Muraji. Perhaps all were of the same kin. Provisionally appended here.)

¶The Sayabe clan have the surname Obito, were registered in Settsu, and descend from Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) There is also an Atai surname, descending from Ōkogi, a third-generation descendant of Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Sano-no-Obito Sadachika, Provisional Secretary of Inaba. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.)

¶The Yoshitomo clan descend from the descendants of Ikagashikoo. In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Sayabe-no-Obito Kainushi, Professor of Direct Lectures (Chokkō-hakase), a man of Settsu, and Kazahaya-no-Atai Toyomune, Assistant Governor of Iyo, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower, and others, were granted Yoshitomo-no-Ason anew, and both were registered in the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Daigo there was Yoshitomo-no-Ason Masutomo, Junior Lieutenant of the Left Gate Guards. (Note: following the Seiji Yōryaku.)

¶The Tsu clan have the surname Obito, were registered in Kawachi, and descend from Ikagashikoo.

¶The Naki clan have the surname Suguri, (Note: in the present work and in a variant text of the Shūgaishō, Ki is written with other characters, in some cases as Go, and in others as Waka, all of which are errors.) and there is also the surname Naki-Watakushi-no-Muraji. (Note: Watakushi is written in one text with a different character, which is an error. The Iroha Jiruishō gives Naki-no-Muraji.) Both were registered in Yamashiro and descend from Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Empress Genshō there was Naki-no-Obito Momotari, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper. In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Naki-Watakushi-no-Miyatsuko Ishijima, a man of Mutsu and a painter. (Note: following the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji.) Probably all were of this kin. In the reign of Emperor Daigo there was Naki-no-Yoshisada, Provisional Clerk of the Kitchen Office (Naizen-no-Gon-no-Reishi). In the reign of Emperor Suzaku there was Naki-no-Motomori, Clerk of the Naiki (Secretariat). (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) In the reign of Emperor Murakami there was Naki-no-Tadamasa, Clerk of the Ministry of Ceremonial. (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Naki-no-Sukune Hiroyoshi, Secretary of Mikawa. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō. ○ Na is written in the present work with the character for Waka, which is an error and is corrected here.) Probably Sukune was granted later.

¶The Hasegayama clan have the surname Atai and were registered in Yamato. The Amibe clan were registered in Izumi. Both descend from Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.)

¶The Harumichi clan descend from the descendants of Ikagashikoo. In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Kawakami-no-Miyatsuko Kibinari, of Junior Seventh Rank Lower, was granted Harumichi-no-Sukune anew. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Mononobe-no-Kadooki, Provisional Secretary of Inaba, a man of the Right Capital, was granted Harumichi-no-Sukune. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Daigo there were Harumichi-no-Sukune Toshisuke, of Junior Seventh Rank Upper, (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) and Harumichi-no-Sukune Tsuraki, Senior Clerk of the Dazaifu. (Note: following the Kokinshū Mokuroku.)

¶The Kazahaya clan (Note: Haya is sometimes written with a different character) include those with the surname Atai (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi) and the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko. Asari, a fourth-generation descendant of Ikagashikoo, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Ōjin. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Emperor Junna there was Kazahaya-no-Atai Masuyoshi, a chaste wife of Iyo (setsufu), who was probably a descendant of the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko. (Note: following the Ruijū Kokushi.) At about the same time there was also Kazahaya-no-Tomimaro, a filial son of Kamo District in Aki. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.)

¶The Hase-no-Okisome clan have the surname Muraji, were registered in the Left Capital, and have a lineage descending from Ōniikawa.

¶The Yazume clan (Note: Yazume is sometimes written with a different character for "arrow") include those with the surname Sukune, registered in the Right Capital, and those with Muraji, registered in the Left Capital. Their lineage descends from Ōmosumi, a grandson of Ikagashikoo. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. "Grandson" is from the Kuji Hongi.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Yazume-no-Muraji (written with a variant character) were granted Sukune anew. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Kōkō there was Yazume-no-Sukune Yasuyoshi, Provisional Junior Secretary of Noto. In the reign of Emperor Murakami there was Yazume-no-Haruo, Clerk of the Left Bureau of Horses. (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Yazume-no-Harunobu, Senior Clerk of the Left Military Guards. In the reign of Emperor Konoe there was Yazume-no-Shigetoki, Clerk of the Bureau of Books. (Note: following the Geki Nikki.)

¶The Takahashi clan have the surname Muraji. Those registered in the Right Capital have a lineage descending from Ōniikawa, those registered in Yamashiro descend from Omae, and those registered in Kawachi descend from Ikofu. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Takahashi-no-Muraji Ushikai, who by edict set up markers on the Southern Islands. In the reign of Empress Shōtoku there was Takahashi-no-Muraji Hajimeme, a woman of Kamitsuagata District in Tsushima, who became renowned for filial piety and righteousness. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.)

¶The Anmaku clan have the surname Obito, were registered in Izumi, and descend from Tochine. (Note: the name Anmaku is written in one text with different characters and without a surname. Examining the Sushun chapter of the Nihon Shoki, there is a village called Arimaka. Arimaka, a place name in Izumi, and Anmaku share interchangeable readings, and this clan probably arose from there.)

¶The Ōyake clan have the surname Obito, were registered in the Left and Right Capitals, and have a lineage descending from Takeniikawa. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Ōyake-no-Obito Sawa, Chief Clerk of the Mint of Nagato. (Note: following the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa there was Ōyake-no-Obito Takatori, Clerk of Bitchū, a man of the Left Capital. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.)

¶The Magamibe clan were at first called Shiragabe. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) Their lineage descends from Ōmeshi, and there are those with the surname Muraji and those with Miyatsuko. The Miyatsuko were registered in Yamashiro. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. Muraji is from the Nihon Shoki.) In the eleventh year of Emperor Temmu, the Shiragabe-no-Miyatsuko were granted Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) There are also the two surnames Kimi and Sukune, which perhaps belong to the same kin. In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō there was Magamibe-no-Sukune Moritada, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.)

¶The Imaki clan have the surname Muraji, were registered in Yamashiro, and descend from Ōmeshi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The Kuji Hongi gives no fixed lineage for the Imaki-no-Muraji, so neither is adopted here.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Imaki-no-Muraji Yasumaro, Clerk of Uji District in Yamashiro, (Note: following the old documents of Tōdaiji.) who was perhaps of this kin. Among the descendants of Kamimusubi there is also an Imaki-no-Muraji.

¶The Makamida clan have the surname Obito, were registered in Yamato, and descend from Ikagashikoo. There are also the Makamida-Sone-no-Muraji, registered in the Left Capital and descending from Kitsuwake. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Empress Kōken there was Sone-no-Muraji Otomaro, an overseer of rice fields (tazukai), (Note: following the Tōdaiji Zatsuroku.) who was perhaps of this kin.

¶The Takaya clan have the surname Muraji, were registered in Kawachi, and descend from Isoko. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku. ○ The present work says that Isoko was a tenth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi.) In the reign of Emperor Monmu there was Takaya-no-Muraji Kusurime, a woman of Furuichi District in Kawachi. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Kōnin there was Takaya-no-Muraji Hirabito, Senior Official of Hitachi. (Note: following the epitaph of Takaya-no-Hirabito.)

¶The Kannagibe clan descend from Maguri. There are those with the surname Sukune, registered in the Right Capital and Settsu, and those with Muraji, registered in Yamashiro and Izumi. When Emperor Yūryaku once fell ill, he summoned a wondrous shamaness from Toyokuni in Tsukushi to pray for his recovery, and had Maguri take charge of this, whereupon the surname Kannagibe-no-Muraji was granted. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the twelfth year of Emperor Temmu, the Kannagibe-no-Muraji were granted Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki. ○ The present work writes Kannagibe with a different character, which is an error and is corrected here.) In the reign of Empress Kōken, Kamatari, a government slave, was freed and granted the surname Kannagibe-no-Sukune. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) A branch of this clan was the Tōse clan. In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Kannagibe-no-Sukune Kiminari, Junior Recorder of the Ministry of Central Affairs, a man of the Right Capital, Morinari of the same surname, of Junior Sixth Rank Lower, a man of Yamabe District in Yamato, and Kannagibe-no-Muraji Tsugitari, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper, a man of Ōshima District in Izumi, and others, petitioned to change to another surname because theirs brought to mind shamans and mediums. By edict they were granted Tōse-no-Sukune. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Tōse-no-Sukune Takakado, Senior Recorder of the Treasury Ministry (Ōkura-no-Dairoku), a man of Ōtori District, changed his registration to the Right Capital. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Daigo there was Tōse-no-Sukune Motomune, Director of the Eastern Market (Higashi-no-ichi-no-kami). (Note: following the Seiji Yōryaku.)

¶The Shibagaki clan have the surname Muraji, were registered in the Left Capital, and descend from Oki. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) Oki took as wife a daughter of Yosami-no-Muraji Shibagaki and begot Okoto, and named the kin after his maternal grandfather. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.)

¶The Nishikibe clan have the surname Obito, were registered in Yamashiro, and have a lineage descending from Me. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Kinmei there was Nishikibe-no-Obito Ōishi. In the reign of Empress Suiko there was Nishikori-no-Obito Kusō. In the reign of Emperor Jomei there was Nishikori-no-Obito Akai. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) Probably all were of this kin. (Note: the old documents of Tōdaiji say that in the Tenpyō years there was Nishikibe-no-Atai Nemaro. The Saikyūki says that in the Engi years there was Nishikibe-no-Tami-no-Obito Yoshisuke, Junior Secretary of the Right. The origins of these kin are not clear, so they are provisionally appended here.)

¶The Yahara clan have the surname Muraji and a lineage descending from Mekomasaku (Note: reading uncertain). (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Yahara-no-Muraji Yosami, District Secretary (shusei) of Niu District in Echizen. (Note: following the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji.)

¶The Tai clan have the surname Muraji and descend from Kanayumi, an eighth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the ninth year of Emperor Temmu, Tai-no-Atai Yoshimaro was granted Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.)

¶The Amachikazura clan have the surname Muraji and a lineage descending from Tsukushi, a ninth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. There are also the Mikawakazura-no-Muraji, descending from Takeko, a younger brother of Tsukushi. There are the Shirokazura-no-Muraji, and the Hinikazura-no-Muraji descend from Kuragaki, a younger brother of Takeko.

¶The Osakabe clan have the surname Miyatsuko and descend from Ishimochi, an eleventh-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi. ○ Osakabe is written in various books also as Osakabe with other characters, and as Osakabe in a third form, but the readings all agree.) There are also the two surnames Muraji and Sukune, which were probably all of the same kin. In the eleventh year of Emperor Temmu, the Osakabe-no-Miyatsuko were granted Muraji. In the twelfth year, the Osakabe-no-Muraji were granted Sukune. In the reign of Empress Jitō there was Osakabe-no-Miyatsuko Karakuni, a man of Sarara District in Kawachi. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Osakabe-no-Miyatsuko Makujira, Provisional Judge of the Saiin (the Shrine of the Imperial Princess at Kamo), a man of Tado District in Sanuki, changed his registration to the Left Capital. (Note: the present work also says that at the same time there was Osakasa-no-Sukune Mototsugu, Commander of the Natori Regiment in Mutsu. Osakasa is not seen anywhere else and is suspected to be a corruption of Osakabe; it is appended to await later verification.) In the reign of Emperor Yōzei there was Osakabe-no-Miyatsuko Hirose, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower. In the reign of Emperor Kōkō there was Osakabe-no-Muraji Haruo, Senior District Governor of Tagi District in Mino. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor Sutoku there was Osakabe-no-Sukune Toshitaka, Senior Secretary of Harima. (Note: following the Chōshūki.) In the reign of Emperor Konoe there was Osakabe-no-Sukune Shigeyasu, Official of Iki. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.)

¶The Niinomi clan have the surname Muraji and descend from Tsukushi, an eleventh-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Emperor Senka there was Niinomi-no-Muraji, (Note: his name is missing.) who took charge of the Niinomi Miyake (imperial granary). (Note: following the Nihon Shoki. ○ Examining the Wamyō Shō, Niinomi is a place name in Kawachi.) In the reign of Emperor Kōtoku, Niinomi-no-Muraji Akuta was made Governor (tokuryō) of Watarai District in Ise. (Note: following the Daijingū Gishikichō.) He was of this kin. In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Niinomi-no-Muraji Hitomaro, Junior District Governor of Watarai District in Ise. In the reign of Emperor Sanjō there was Niinomi-no-Mochihiro, who also became Senior District Governor of that district. (Note: following the Daijingū Zōjiki.) This kin also had a Sukune surname; in the reign of Emperor Go-Sanjō there was Niinomi-no-Sukune Narihiro, a Kebiishi (Police Commissioner), (Note: following the old deeds held by Kōmyōji.) who probably took charge of the affairs of the Divine District (Shingun). In the reign of Emperor Rokujō there was Niinomi-no-Sukune Kanesue, Provisional Junior Clerk of the Daijingū. (Note: following the Heihanki.) In the reign of Emperor Juntoku there was Niinomi-no-Sukune Masakage, who also became a Kebiishi. (Note: following the old deeds held by Kōmyōji.) There is also a Kimi surname; in the reign of Emperor Seiwa there was Niinomi-no-Kimi Fukutoji, a chaste wife of Iga, (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) and probably all were of this kin.

¶The Yosami-Tabe clan have the surname Muraji and descend from Wako, a fourteenth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. There are also those called simply Tabe-no-Muraji, whose lineage descends from Omae. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Emperor Temmu there was Tabe-no-Muraji Kunioshi. (Note: following the Nihon Shoki.) There is also a Sukune surname, probably of this kin. In the reign of Emperor Shōmu there was Tabe-no-Sukune Yanushi, Senior Clerk of Settsu. (Note: following the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku there were Tabe-no-Sukune Otari, Assistant of the Bureau of Accounts (Kazoe-no-suke), and Tarijima of the same surname, Governor of Awaji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Shirakawa there was Tabe-no-Munetsuna, a man of Hyūga, who called himself Morokata-no-Taifu. (Note: following the Usa Daikyō.) In the reign of Emperor Go-Fukakusa there was Tabe-no-Hidetsuna, who called himself Tsuchimochi Saemon Tarō. (Note: following the Yōkōki.) They were probably descendants. (Note: the compilers observe that the Shoku Nihongi says that in the reign of Empress Shōtoku there was Tabe-no-Kimi Kichime, of Outer Junior Fifth Rank Lower. It is not known to which kin the Kimi surname belongs, so it is provisionally appended here.)

¶The Hasebe clan have the surname Miyatsuko, were registered in Yamato, and descend from Chihayami-no-Mikoto, a twelfth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Hase-no-Muraji Sadanaga and others, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper, men of Echizen, changed their registration to the Left Capital. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.) They were perhaps of the same kin.

¶The Tatsuno clan have the surname Muraji and descend from Takehiko, a thirteenth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Emperor Montoku there was Tatsuno-no-Muraji Masamine, Governor of Tsushima. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) In the reign of Emperor En'yū there was Tatsuno-no-Sukune Kanemichi, Provisional Senior Official of Settsu. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Tatsuno-no-Masayori, Junior Clerk of the Bureau of Mats (Kamori-ryō). (Note: following the Shōyūki. ○ The Shūgaishō gives Tatsuno-no-Ason.)

¶The Sakurajima clan include those with the surname Sukune and those with Muraji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. Sukune is from the Ruijū Fusenshō and the documents of Eizanji.) They were at first called Yokowatari-no-Muraji. (Note: Watari is sometimes written with a different character, probably an error.) They share an ancestor with the Tatsuno-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku, Yokowatari-no-Haruyama, a man of Soe-no-kami District in Yamato, was granted the surname Sakurajima-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.) In the reign of Emperor Reizei there was Sakurajima-no-Sukune Tadanobu, Senior Secretary of the Outer Bureau (Dai-geki). (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) In the reign of Emperor Kazan there were Sakurajima-no-Chikakage, a man of Yamato, and Sakurajima-no-Sukune Shigeeda. (Note: following the documents of Eizanji.)

¶The Karuma clan (Note: sometimes written with other characters, as Karuma in various forms) have the surname Muraji (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi) and descend from Nagame, a thirteenth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi. ○ The present work says that the Karuma clan includes those descending from Kane-no-Muraji and those descending from Masaku-no-Muraji. For now the main line is adopted.) In the reign of Empress Shōtoku there was Karuma-no-Muraji Torimaro, Chief Carpenter for the construction of Daianji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.)

¶The Takaoka clan have the surname Obito, were registered in Izumi, and descend from Arakahi, a fourteenth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: the fourteenth generation is from the Kuji Hongi.)

¶The Ōsada clan (Note: Sada is sometimes written with a different character) have the surname Muraji and were registered in the Left Capital. They were at first called Ōmata-no-Muraji and descend from Mikari, a fourteenth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: the fourteenth generation is from the Kuji Hongi. ○ The Kuji Hongi writes Mikari as Ōichi-no-Mikari.) Beside the house of Abita, one of his descendants, there stood a willow with a great fork, and for this reason Prince Umayado granted the surname Ōmata-no-Muraji. (Note: the characters for "crotch" and "fork" share interchangeable readings.) Chitsugu and others, of Senior Sixth Rank Upper, fourth-generation descendants of Abita, were granted Ōsada-no-Muraji anew in the reign of Empress Shōtoku. (Note: following the Shinsen Shōjiroku.) In the reign of Emperor Kanmu there was Ōmata-no-Muraji Fukimaro, of Junior Seventh Rank Lower, a man of the Left Capital, and together they were granted the surname Ōsada-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Nihon Kōki.) In the reign of Emperor Ninmyō, Ōmata-no-Muraji Fukuyama, a man of Yamato and Clerk of the Treasury, was also granted Ōsada-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Shoku Nihon Kōki.)

¶The Toribe clan have the surname Muraji and descend from Mitate, a fourteenth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of the Deposed Emperor there was Toribe-no-Muraji Tojiko, (Note: following the Ryōkun Hōbōshū.) and Toribe-no-Muraji Toyona, a scribe of Asuwa District in Echizen. (Note: following the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji. ○ The present work writes Tori with the character for "island," but for now Toribe is fixed on the basis of the two books above.) In the reign of Emperor Kanmu there was a Toribe-no-Muraji, Provisional Junior Official of Yamashiro. (Note: following the Tōdaiji Zatsuroku. ○ His name is missing.)

¶The Yakata clan have the surname Muraji and descend from Maiko, a fourteenth-generation descendant of Nigihayahi. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Emperor Seiwa, Fuefukibe-no-Takatsugu, of Junior Sixth Rank Upper, a man of Owari, reverted to his original surname of Mononobe-Yakata. (Note: following the Sandai Jitsuroku.) He was perhaps of this kin.

¶The Takakari clan and the Hirozumi clan both descend from the Mononobe, but their lineages are not known. In the reign of Emperor Heizei, Mononobe-no-Obito Kazuramaro, of Junior Eighth Rank Lower, a man of the Right Capital, was granted Takakari-no-Imiki anew. In the reign of Emperor Saga, Mononobe-no-Fukumaro, of Junior Sixth Rank Lower, a man of Yamato, was granted Hirozumi-no-Sukune. (Note: following the Nihon Kōki.)

¶The Michimori clan were at first called Terabito (Note: reading uncertain), and they too were of the Mononobe kin. In the Kanoe-Uma household register they were called Terabito after their place of residence, but in the reign of Emperor Monmu, disliking that it bore on servile status, they changed back to their original surname of Mononobe. In the reign of Empress Genshō, Terabito-no-Ogimi and others were granted the surname Michimori-no-Omi. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Mikawa. Chihaya-no-Mikoto, a fifth-generation descendant of Izumo-no-Shikoomi-no-Mikoto, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) In the reign of Emperor Horikawa there was Mikawa-no-Sukune Yoshitsune, Provisional Official of Tanba, perhaps a descendant. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Mino-no-Shiri. Ōmikabura-no-Mikoto, grandson of Izumo-no-Ōomi-no-Mikoto, the ancestor of the Mononobe-no-Muraji, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Matsura. Yata-no-Inayoshi, a grandson of Ōmizuguchi, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Tsukuba were a branch of the Uneme-no-Omi. In the reign of Emperor Sujin, Chikutan-no-Mikoto (Note: reading uncertain) first became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko. (Note: following the Hitachi Fudoki.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Tōtōmi. In the reign of Emperor Seimu, Ikimi-no-Mikoto, a grandson of Ikagashikoo, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Suruga. Katakashi-no-Mikoto, a son of Ōniikawa, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi. ○ The present work in one place makes Katakashi a son of Tochine.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Matsutsu. Kane-no-Muraji, a grandson of Ikagashikoo, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Nintoku. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Kuno. Inba-no-Sukune, a grandson of Ikagashikoo, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Chūai. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi. ○ The present work also mentions Inba-no-Muraji, a fourth-generation descendant of Ikagashikoo. The two writings of Inba share the same reading, and they were probably not different persons.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Kuji: Funase-no-Sukune, a third-generation descendant of Ikagashikoo, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Seimu. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.)

¶The Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Izu. Wakatake-no-Mikoto, an eighth-generation descendant of Ame-no-Nuboko-no-Mikoto, the ancestor of the Mononobe-no-Muraji, became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko in the reign of Emperor Ōjin. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.) There is also an Izu-no-Atai surname, probably of the same kin. In the reign of Emperor Shōmu, Kusakabe-no-Atai Masuhito was granted the surname Izu-no-Atai and became Kuni-no-Miyatsuko. In the reign of Emperor Kōnin, the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko Izu-no-Atai Omina was granted Junior Fifth Rank Lower. (Note: following the Shoku Nihongi. ○ Examining the Shinsen Shōjiroku, the origin of the Kusakabe is not fixed, and there are also those without the Atai surname. Those mentioned above as descended from Hikoyuki likewise do not record a surname. That is, it is not known from which kin Izu-no-Atai actually came. However, the Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Izu were originally of the same ancestry as the Mononobe-no-Muraji, and the Kusakabe clan is among their kin. This being so, Masuhito's becoming Kuni-no-Miyatsuko of Izu seems to have had a reason behind it. For that reason it is provisionally attached here.) In the reign of Emperor En'yū there was Izu-no-Atai Toshisato, Provisional Junior Secretary of Harima. (Note: following the Jimoku Taiseishō.) In the reign of Emperor Ichijō there was Izu-no-Atai Atsumasa, Junior District Governor of Tagata District in Izu. (Note: following the Ruijū Fusenshō.) Among their kin were those who became chief priests of the Izu Mishima shrine and changed their surname to Sukune. In the reign of Emperor Horikawa there was the chief priest Izu-no-Sukune Kunimori. (Note: following the Mishima documents.) In the reign of Emperor Go-Toba there were the Mishima priests Higashi-no-Taifu Morikata and Nishi-no-Taifu Morinaga. (Note: following the Azuma Kagami.)

¶Besides these, the descendants of Nigihayahi include such surnames as the Kuita-no-Muraji, the Fujiwara-Tsunemi-no-Kimi, the Nagata-Kawai-no-Kimi, the Sahisa-no-Muraji, (Note: the compilers observe that the documents of the Shōsōin of Tōdaiji say that in the reign of Emperor Monmu there was Sahi-no-Aneme, a woman of Motosu District in Mino, who is suspected to be of the kin of the Sahisa-no-Muraji.) the Fumishima-no-Muraji, the Susa-no-Muraji, the Kagamitsukuri, the Okaruma-no-Muraji, the Osakabegaki-no-Muraji, the Noma-no-Muraji, the Tsuto-no-Muraji, the Isai-no-Muraji, the Ise-Arahita-no-Muraji, the Oda-no-Muraji, and the Kamino-irisu-no-Muraji. (Note: following the Kuji Hongi.)