Emperor Daigo

Emperor Daigo

¶Emperor Daigo's personal name was Atsugimi; his original name had been Koresane (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami). He was the eldest son of Emperor Uda. His mother was Fujiwara-shi, who was posthumously honored as Empress Dowager.

¶He was born on the eighteenth day of the first month of the first year of Ninna (885), the day Kinoe-inu (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Kōdaiki).

¶In the twelfth month of the first year of Kanpyō (889), he was made an imperial prince. In the twelfth month of the second year, he changed his name to the one he now bore (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami).

¶In the fourth month of the fifth year, he was made Crown Prince.

¶On the third day of the seventh month of the ninth year, the day Hinoe-ne, he underwent his genpuku, coming-of-age ceremony, and received the abdicated throne, senso, from Emperor Uda at the Shishinden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, and the Gaiki Nikki as quoted in the Fusō Ryakki). On the tenth day, the day Mizunoto-hitsuji, Emperor Uda was honored with the title Daijō Tennō, Retired Emperor (Note: the Teiō Hennenki and the Kōin Shōunroku give the third day, but the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami are followed here). On the thirteenth day, the day Hinoe-inu, he ascended the throne at the Daigokuden. He was thirteen years of age at the time (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, the Ichidai Yōki, and the Rekidai Kōki). The Major Counsellor and concurrently Captain of the Left Palace Guards, Fujiwara-no-Tokihira, and the Provisional Major Counsellor and concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards, Sugawara-no-Michizane, were made to take part in deciding matters of government (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the nineteenth day, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, his birth mother, the consort Fujiwara-shi, was posthumously honored as Empress Dowager (Note: the entry for the second year of Kashō in the Chūyūki gives the twenty-second day, but the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami are followed here). On the twenty-second day, the day Kinoto-hitsuji, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). Earlier, herons had flocked upon the roofs of the Burakuden hall of the Daigokuden, and of the Left Palace Guards office and the Ōiryō, the Office of Palace Provisions. Mutsu province reported that a woman of Asaka district had given birth to a girl with a single horn growing from her forehead, with an eye above the horn, and Dewa province reported that the armor stored at Akita Castle had rung of itself. On this day these were divined (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki; the Nihon Kiryaku records all these portents under this same day). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Tsuchinoe-inu, Princess Tameko was received into the palace as consort, hi (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Tsuchinoto-i, the Kōtaifujin, Empress-Mother, Princess Hanshi, was honored as Empress Dowager (Note: following the Teiō Hennenki), and Emperor Uda's consort Fujiwara-no-Onshi was made Kōtaifujin, Empress-Mother (Note: the Fusō Ryakki states that Onshi was established as Kōtaifujin and also made Chūgū, Empress Consort. According to the entry for the seventh day of the sixth month of the seventh year of Engi in the Nihon Kiryaku, she became Kōtaifujin and was styled Chūgū on this very day; this account is accordingly followed here). On the seventh day of the eighth month, the day Kanoe-inu, a rainbow appeared over the main hall and the eastern hall of the Daijōkan. On the ninth day, the day Mizunoe-ne, the Retired Emperor moved his residence to the Higashi Sanjō-in (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the thirteenth day, the day Hinoe-tatsu, offerings were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise announcing the accession. On the seventeenth day, the day Kanoe-saru, an envoy was sent to Kamo to announce that the Kamo Priestess remained in her post, and offerings were presented at the various shrines to pray for rain. On the twenty-first day, the day Kinoe-ne, he held court for the first time at the Shishinden to hear matters of government, and music was suspended (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-second day, the day Kinoto-ushi, offerings were presented to Iwashimizu, Usa, and Kashii (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Saikyūki). That autumn, Princess Jūshi was chosen by divination as Ise Priestess (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Ichidai Yōki). In winter, on the twenty-fifth day of the tenth month, the day Hinoto-u, the purification rite, gokei, was performed (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Saikyūki, and the Fusō Ryakki). On the first day of the eleventh month, the day Mizunoe-saru, Inaba province presented a white rat (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twentieth day, the day Kanoto-u, the Daijōsai was performed (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Teiō Hennenki; the Fusō Ryakki, the Ichidai Yōki, and the Rekidai Kōki give the twenty-third day, but this is mistaken). On the eighth day of the twelfth month, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, the kokki, death-day observance, of the Gojō Empress was abolished, and that of the posthumously honored Empress Dowager was instituted instead (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku).

¶In the first year of Shōtai, the year Tsuchinoe-uma (898), in spring, on the eighth day of the second month, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, an edict ordered the emperor's regular meals reduced by one quarter. On the seventeenth day, the day Hinoto-mi, the Retired Emperor, the Uda-in, moved his residence to the Suzaku-in (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-eighth day, the day Tsuchinoe-tatsu, the Gunshi Chiyō was for the first time lectured before the throne (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami. The source text gives this day as Tsuchinoe-inu, but it is here corrected to Tsuchinoe-tatsu by calculation from the sexagenary cycle). On the first day of the third month, the day Kanoe-uma, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the fifteenth day, the day Kinoe-saru, Imperial Prince Kuniyasu died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Kōin Shōunroku). On the twenty-eighth day, the day Hinoto-tori, ten thousand scrolls of the Kongō Hannya Sutra were read by alternate recitation over three days at the Fifteen Great Temples, and the realm was ordered to observe ritual purification to drive away pestilence (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the sixteenth day, the day Kinoto-u, the era name was changed (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Gukanshō. The Kugyō Bunin, the Fusō Ryakki, the Ichidai Yōki, the Rekidai Kōki, the Teiō Hennenki, and the Kōnendai Ryakki all give the sixteenth day of the eighth month, but considering that the Kanke Bunsō's prayer text for a special Ninnō-e assembly speaks of "the sixth month, the last month of summer, of the first year of Shōtai," it is correct to place this in the fourth month). On the nineteenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, the sun turned yellow and lost its brightness (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku), returning to normal after several days. On the first day of the fifth month, the day Tsuchinoto-mi, the Kongō Hannya Sutra was read at seven shrines to pray for rain (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventh day, the day Kinoto-i, the earth rumbled three times like thunder. On the eighth day, the day Hinoe-ne, offerings were presented at sixteen shrines. On the fifteenth day, the day Mizunoto-hitsuji, offerings were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise, together with a prayer for rain. On the eighteenth day, the day Hinoe-inu, a well within the palace made a sound like thunder. On the third day of the sixth month, the day Kanoto-ushi, the sky darkened though there were no clouds, so that one could not make out another's face (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the fourteenth day, the day Mizunoe-ne, because pestilence was raging throughout the realm, the great purification rite was performed at the Kenrei Gate (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-eighth day, the day Hinoe-tora, the Yasoshima envoy was dispatched (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In autumn, on the third day of the seventh month, the day Kanoto-hitsuji, prayers for rain were offered at twenty-two shrines (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku; the number twenty-two follows the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventh day, the day Kinoto-i, the moon encroached upon Saturn. On the eighth day, the day Hinoe-ne, because of the pestilence, the provinces' presentation of sumo wrestlers was suspended. On the twenty-seventh day, the day Kinoto-hitsuji, there was a great earthquake. On the twenty-third day of the eighth month, the day Kanoe-saru, envoys were sent to present sacred treasures to Ise, Usa, and the renowned deities throughout the realm (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the first day of the ninth month, the day Tsuchinoe-tatsu, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In winter, on the eleventh day of the tenth month, the day Hinoto-hitsuji, a sound was heard in the sky. On the fourteenth day, the day Kanoe-inu, again a sound like thunder was heard (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-first day, the day Hinoto-mi, the Retired Emperor made a progress to Yamato, passing through Kawachi to Settsu. On the first day of the intercalary month, the day Hinoto-u, he returned to the palace (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami; the Fusō Ryakki places his return on the first day of the eleventh month, but this is mistaken). On the thirteenth day, the day Tsuchinoto-u, the moon entered the Hyades constellation and encroached upon Mars (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the first day of the eleventh month, the day Hinoe-saru, which fell on the winter solstice, the assembled courtiers presented a memorial of congratulation (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Seiji Yōryaku). On the fifteenth day, the day Kanoe-inu, a sound was heard in the sky (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-first day, the day Hinoe-tatsu, an edict declared: "Of old, sovereigns who received auspicious signs and bore the mandate of Heaven governed the movements of the heavens and brought the four seasons into harmony. For thirty-six decades, the beneficent rains never fell with such force as to break apart clods of earth; more than seventy times, gentle winds blew without rattling so much as a branch. We, though of scant virtue, have unworthily inherited the throne, this renewed brilliance. We constantly fear that Our instruction does not reach the people, and that the order of the four seasons may fall into disarray. Now the officials have memorialized, saying: 'Reckoning shows that the morning of the first day of this month falls upon the winter solstice. That the year should end and begin anew accords with the principle of nature.' We, reflecting upon Our own want of virtue, ask how We could deserve to meet so auspicious a day. This can only be the result of the spirits of Our imperial ancestors watching over and aiding their servants. We wish to share this auspicious sign with the realm. Let a general amnesty therefore be granted throughout the realm. However, this amnesty shall not extend to those offenses not ordinarily pardoned by a general amnesty, nor to those who are in arrears of government goods. Families long deprived of the right to rank through ancestral merit whose members possess conspicuously outstanding ability shall be granted especially honorable distinction, so as to keep the standards of the court resplendent. Civil and military officials within and without the capital of the rank of sakan and above shall each be advanced one grade in court rank. Officials of Senior Sixth Rank Upper residing in the capital, shishō and below down to jikichō, and the aged throughout the realm, shall each be granted gifts according to their station. May it be that those recorded in the golden statutes find themselves blessed in this year of renewal, and that even those demoted in rank receive the light of Our favor on this day when the yang returns once more" (Note: following the Seiji Yōryaku and the Chōya Gunsai). On the second day of the twelfth month, the day Hinoto-u, a fox entered the eastern hall of the Benkan, the Controller's Office. On the ninth day, the day Kinoe-inu, because of the floods, droughts, and pestilence of recent years, an edict ordered the provinces to perform the Kichijō Keka rite of repentance every year in the first month (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventeenth day, the day Mizunoe-uma, a sound like thunder was heard from the northeast (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku).

¶In the second year, the year Tsuchinoto-hitsuji (899), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Kinoto-hitsuji, the New Year's felicitations were cancelled on account of wind and snow. On the third day, the day Hinoto-tori, he paid his respects to the Retired Emperor at the Suzaku-in. On the twenty-eighth day, the day Mizunoe-inu, the kitchen of the Daijōkan caught fire. On the first day of the second month, the day Kinoto-ushi, there was a solar eclipse. On this same day, a shooting star streaked toward the southeast, some five or six shaku in length, and fell to the ground with a sound. Because robbers had grown numerous in the capital month after month, with repeated cases of arson and murder, soldiers of the Four Palace Guards were ordered to patrol by night (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the fourteenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-tora, the Major Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Tokihira was made Minister of the Left, and the Provisional Major Counsellor Sugawara-no-Michizane was made Minister of the Right (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Kugyō Bunin). In summer, on the tenth day of the fifth month, the day Mizunoe-tora, Kawachi province presented a white tortoise. On the thirteenth day, the day Kinoto-mi, reed grass bloomed at the Geki hall, and in the home provinces the rice ripened into ear. On the twenty-second day, the day Kinoe-tora, a whirlwind blew, tilting both the Takamikura imperial throne of the Daigokuden and the main hall of the Nakatsukasa-shō, Ministry of Central Affairs, and destroying many houses in the capital. On the fourth day of the sixth month, the day Hinoe-tora, wisteria bloomed at the Tōgū, the Crown Prince's Palace, and a loquat tree at the Kenmotsu Bureau bore fruit without first flowering. On the thirteenth day, the day Kinoto-i, a sound like a bell was heard before the Kenrei Gate. On the fifteenth day, the day Hinoto-ushi, a great storm of wind and rain broke trees and tore off roofs. On the twenty-second day, the day Kinoe-saru, the moon encroached upon the Hyades. In autumn, on the first day of the seventh month, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, a yellow mist spread in every direction, and the sun turned red and lost its light (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the seventeenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, because of the repeated appearance of calamitous portents, offerings were presented at the various shrines. On the first day of the eighth month, the day Mizunoe-inu, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventh day of the ninth month, the day Tsuchinoe-inu, there was an earthquake. On the eighth day, the day Tsuchinoto-i, there was a great wind (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In winter, on the fifth day of the tenth month, the day Kinoto-ushi, the Dazaifu reported that a cow had given birth to a calf with two heads (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the fourteenth day, the day Kinoe-inu, the Retired Emperor, the Uda-in, took the tonsure (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki, the Teiō Hennenki, and the Kōdai Ryakki. The Nihon Kiryaku, the back-notes of the Ōkagami, the Ichidai Yōki, and the Tōji Chōja Bunin give the twenty-fourth day. However, the Kanke Bunsō's petition of the twentieth day of the tenth month, "A Second Petition, Respectfully Submitted on the Retired Emperor's Edict, to Rescind His Honorific Title," states that four or five days had passed since he took the tonsure; reckoning from this, it is clear that the correct day was the fourteenth, and this is accordingly followed here). On the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, the day Kinoe-tora — the Retired Emperor had earlier sent repeated letters requesting to decline his honorific title. At this point an edict granted his request (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki; the Nihon Kiryaku gives the twenty-fifth day).

¶In the third year, the year Kanoe-saru (900), in spring, on the third day of the first month, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, he visited the Cloistered Emperor — the Uda-in, who had become a cloistered emperor, hōō, through ordination this year — at the Suzaku-in (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-eighth day, the day Hinoto-mi, the Major Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Takafuji was made Naidaijin, Palace Minister. On the twelfth day of the third month, the day Tsuchinoto-i, the Naidaijin Fujiwara-no-Takafuji died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Kugyō Bunin). In summer, on the first day of the fourth month, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, the Empress Dowager died. On the fourth day, the day Kanoto-tori, the Empress Dowager of Tōin was buried (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami). On the sixteenth day, the day Mizunoto-tori, the Kamo festival was cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-third day of the fifth month, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, the Grand Empress Dowager, of the Fujiwara clan, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the back-notes of the Ōkagami, the Ichidai Yōki, and the Teiō Hennenki; the Fusō Ryakki gives the twenty-second day of the first month, but this is mistaken. None of the sources record her burial). On the twenty-eighth day, the day Kinoe-tora, bands of robbers in Kōzuke province were pursued and arrested. On the thirteenth day of the sixth month, the day Tsuchinoto-mi, the Monjō Hakase, Professor of Letters, Miyoshi-no-Kiyoyuki, was made to lecture on the Shiji, the Records of the Grand Historian (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In autumn, in the seventh month, the Cloistered Emperor made a progress to Mount Kinpu (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In winter, on the twenty-first day of the tenth month, the day Kinoto-i, Miyoshi-no-Kiyoyuki submitted a memorial concerning the portended revolution, kakumei, of the coming Kanoto-tori year [901]. This month, the Cloistered Emperor made a progress to Mount Kōya and to Chikubu Island. On the eighteenth day of the eleventh month, the day Mizunoe-tora, the former Minister of the Left Fujiwara-no-Yoshiyo died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku; the Kugyō Bunin gives the eighth day). On the eleventh day of the twelfth month, the day Kinoto-ushi, the Old Man Star, Canopus, appeared (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku).

¶In the first year of Engi, the year Kanoto-tori (901), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Kinoe-saru, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, the Minister of the Right and concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards, Sugawara-no-Michizane, was demoted to Dazai Gon-no-Sochi, Provisional Governor-General of Dazaifu; the Major Counsellor Minamoto-no-Hikaru was made Minister of the Right (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Kugyō Bunin), and the Middle Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Sadakuni was made concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards (Note: following the Kugyō Bunin). On the first day of the second month, the day Kinoe-tora, three suns appeared side by side, each ringed with a halo. On the fourteenth day, the day Hinoto-u, the private performance of danpō, esoteric ritual observances, was forbidden (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the fifteenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-tatsu, because robbers had for years been rising up in the provinces of the Bandō and the people had suffered harm from them, offerings were presented at the various shrines to drive this away (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In the third month, Fujiwara-no-Onshi was made consort, nyōgo (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami). In summer, on the seventh day of the sixth month, the day Hinoto-mi, the Ōkura-shō's suiko granary, used for seed-rice loans, caught fire (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the fourteenth day, the day Kinoe-ne, offerings were presented at the various shrines because of calamitous portents (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the last day of the intercalary month, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, the great purification rite was performed (Note: following the Nenjū Gyōji and the entry for the fourth year of Chōwa in the Shōyūki). In autumn, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, the day Kinoe-ne, the era name was changed (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Ichidai Yōki). On the second day of the eighth month, the day Kanoto-mi, the Minister of the Left Fujiwara-no-Tokihira and others presented the Sandai Jitsuroku, the Veritable Records of Three Reigns (Note: following that work's own memorial of presentation, and the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Kinoe-tatsu, a contest of garden plantings, sensai-awase, was held. In winter, on the fourteenth day of the twelfth month, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, Imperial Prince Motoyasu, of First Rank and Minister of Ceremonial, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the second year, the year Mizunoe-inu (902), in spring, on the thirteenth day of the third month, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, an edict was issued forbidding the various cloistered residences and princely households from opening new fields under imperial charter, chokushi kaiden, and forbidding those of Fifth Rank and above from purchasing the fields and dwellings of commoners or from occupying vacant and untilled land (Note: following the Honchō Monzui). In summer, in the fourth month, the Cloistered Emperor made a progress to Mount Hiei and held a shari-e, a relic-veneration assembly (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the first day of the sixth month, the day Kinoto-i, there was a solar eclipse. On the fifth day, the day Tsuchinoto-u, the moon was visible in daytime. On the thirteenth day, the day Hinoto-i, offerings were presented at the various shrines to pray for rain. On the seventeenth day, the day Kanoto-u, an envoy was sent to the imperial mausolea, and the Goryū, Five Dragons, rite was performed at Narutaki (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki; the place-name Narutaki follows the Fusō Ryakki). Sutras were recited at ten shrines, the Fifteen Great Temples, and Enryakuji (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In autumn, on the twenty-fourth day of the seventh month, the day Hinoto-u, there was an earthquake. On the seventeenth day of the eighth month, the day Kanoe-tora, offerings were presented at the various shrines because of prolonged rain (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the last day of the month, the day Mizunoto-u, sacred treasures were presented at the various shrines (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the seventh day of the ninth month, the day Kanoe-inu, a bear entered the western capital and injured a person (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the third year, the year Mizunoto-i (903), in spring, on the third day of the first month, the day Kinoto-mi, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at Ninnaji temple. On the thirteenth day of the second month, the day Kinoe-saru, because the year was reckoned to fall under the calamity of sangō, the Triple Conjunction, offerings were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the nineteenth day, the day Kanoe-tora, Princess Kyōshi was chosen by divination as Kamo Priestess (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki and the Saikyūki; the Ichidai Yōki gives the seventeenth day). In autumn, on the seventh day of the seventh month, the day Kinoto-mi, prayers for rain were offered at ten shrines. On the eighth day, the day Hinoe-uma, sutras were recited to pray for rain. On the twenty-fourth day, the day Mizunoe-inu, offerings were presented to Niu and Kifune to pray for clear weather (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Mizunoto-i, Imperial Prince Koresada, of Third Rank, died (Note: the Kōin Shōunroku and the Sonpi Bunmyaku give the seventh day of the third month of the seventh year, but the Nihon Kiryaku and the Ichidai Yōki are followed here). On the fourth day of the ninth month, the day Kanoto-ushi, offerings were presented at the various shrines to pray for clear weather (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twentieth day, the day Hinoto-mi, because of pestilence in Kai province, its taxes were remitted for one year (Note: following the Hokuzanshō). In winter, in the twelfth month, Fujiwara-no-Wakako was made consort (Note: following the Ichidai Yōki).

¶In the fourth year, the year Kinoe-ne (904), in spring, on the tenth day of the second month, the day Kinoto-i, the imperial prince Suzaki was made Crown Prince (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). The Minister of the Right, Minamoto-no-Hikaru, was made Fu, Tutor to the Crown Prince (Note: following the Kugyō Bunin and the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventh day, the day Mizunoe-tora, Takahito (Note: his surname is unknown), a Sakan of the Left Gate Guards, captured the ringleader of a band of brigands (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Kanoto-tori, the Cloistered Emperor held a Buddhist assembly at the Keien-dō of Ninnaji temple (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Saikyūki, and the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventh day of the intercalary month, the day Mizunoe-saru, offerings were presented at the various shrines to drive away pestilence. In summer, on the first day of the fourth month, the day Kinoto-hitsuji, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). This month, Imperial Prince Koretsune, of Third Rank and Minister of War, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the nineteenth day of the sixth month, the day Mizunoe-ne, the Kebiishi, Imperial Police, captured a band of robbers, and rewards were granted according to merit (Note: following the Saikyūki). In autumn, on the second day of the seventh month, the day Kinoe-ne, offerings were presented at the various shrines because of drought (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the eighth day, the day Kanoe-uma, the Five Dragons rite was performed at Kitayama (Note: the Fusō Ryakki gives this day as Kanoe-tora, but it is here corrected to Kanoe-uma by calculation from the sexagenary cycle). On the tenth day, the day Mizunoe-saru, offerings were presented to Iwashimizu to pray for rain. In winter, on the first day of the tenth month, the day Kanoto-u, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). This month, he made a progress to the Ōi River (Note: following the Saikyūki and the Kokon Chomonjū). On the sixth day of the eleventh month, the day Hinoe-tora, a bear strayed into the post of the Left Gate Guards (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twelfth day, the day Mizunoe-saru, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventeenth day, the day Hinoto-ushi, the imperial prince Masanobu was made shinnō (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Ichidai Yōki). On the nineteenth day of the twelfth month, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, the thunder god was worshipped at Kitano in thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest (Note: following the Saikyūki).

¶In the fifth year, the year Kinoto-ushi (905), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Kanoe-saru, the Kochōhai, the Lesser New Year's Audience, was abolished (Note: following the Saikyūki and the Gōke Shidai). On the third day, the day Mizunoe-inu, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at Ninnaji temple (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Saikyūki). On reaching the gate he descended from his palanquin, ren, and entered along a matting-covered path, endō (Note: following the Gyoki as quoted in the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventh day, the day Hinoe-tora, the conferral of court rank at the seasonal banquet, sechie, was suspended (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the second day of the second month, the day Kanoto-u, a strange bird cried in the palace at night (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the fourteenth day, the day Mizunoto-u, he made a progress to the Rokujō-in (Note: following the Ribu-ō-ki as quoted in the Saikyūki). On the fifteenth day, the day Kinoe-tatsu, offerings were presented at the various shrines to dispel the strange omen (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twentieth day of the third month, the day Tsuchinoto-u, he watched a game of kemari, kickball, at the Jijūden (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the twenty-first day, the day Kanoe-tatsu, the Cloistered Emperor made a progress to Yakushiji temple and held the Mantō-e, the Festival of Ten Thousand Lanterns. The Kurōdo-no-tō, Head Chamberlain, Fujiwara-no-Nakahira, was sent to present one hundred ceremonial robes, kaii (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-seventh day, the day Hinoe-inu, he watched an archery wager, noriyumi (Note: following the Saikyūki). In summer, on the first day of the fourth month, the day Tsuchinoto-ushi, there was a solar eclipse. On the fifteenth day, the day Mizunoto-u, a comet appeared in the northwest (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the eighteenth day, the day Hinoe-uma, the Dainaiki, Senior Secretary, Ki-no-Tomonori, the Goshodokoro-azukari, Keeper of the Palace Library, Ki-no-Tsurayuki, and others were ordered by edict to compile the Kokin Wakashū, the Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern (Note: following that work's own preface; the Nihon Kiryaku and the Yakumo Mishō place this on the fifteenth day). On the twenty-fourth day, the day Mizunoe-ne, because a comet had appeared, offerings were presented at the various shrines. On the twenty-eighth day of the fifth month, the day Hinoe-inu, the hawks of the Goin, the Retired Emperor's residence office, were released. On the fifteenth day of the sixth month, the day Mizunoe-tora, because a comet had appeared, a general amnesty was granted throughout the realm (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In autumn, on the eighteenth day of the seventh month, the day Kinoto-i, offerings were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise to pray for rain (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki), and the Five Dragons rite was performed. On the twenty-eighth day, the day Kinoto-tori, gamblers were arrested (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). This month, grain was sold from the Kokusōin granary of the Mokuryō, the Bureau of Carpentry (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the fourth day of the ninth month, the day Kanoe-saru, the Kaya-in mansion caught fire (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki; the Nihon Kiryaku gives the fifth day). On the fifth day, the day Kanoto-tori, sacred treasures were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the ninth day, the day Kinoto-ushi, because his paternal aunt, Minamoto-no-Tsurako, had died, the Chōyō Festival, the Double Ninth, was cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). This month, the Cloistered Emperor made a progress to Mount Kinpu (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In winter, on the third day of the tenth month, the day Tsuchinoe-ne, Hida province reported that robbers had killed the provincial governor Fujiwara-no-Tokitada (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-eighth day, the day Mizunoto-ushi, offerings were presented at the various shrines to pray for a bountiful harvest (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-second day of the twelfth month, the day Hinoe-uma, cotton floss was bestowed upon monks of eighty years and above at Heijōkyō and the temples near the capital (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the sixth year, the year Hinoe-tora (906), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Kinoto-u, the New Year's felicitations were not held (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku; this work gives no reason for it). On the first day of the third month, the day Kinoe-tora, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In summer, on the first day of the fourth month, the day Mizunoto-hitsuji, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). This month, hail fell, each stone the size of a plum. On the eighth day of the fifth month, the day Kanoe-saru, the moon entered the Taiwei enclosure and encroached upon the Herald star. On the sixteenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-tatsu, the emperor received instruction in the Shiji from the Shikibu Taifu, Senior Assistant Minister of Ceremonial, Fujiwara-no-Sugane (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-seventh day, the day Tsuchinoto-u, the Ninnō Sutra was read by alternate recitation at ten shrines to pray for a bountiful harvest (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In autumn, on the third day of the seventh month, the day Kinoe-tora, the Major Counsellor and concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards, Fujiwara-no-Sadakuni, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Ichidai Yōki; the Kugyō Bunin gives the second day). On the thirteenth day, the day Kinoe-ne, Oki province reported a great windstorm (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-fifth day of the eighth month, the day Hinoe-uma, the Minister of the Right, Minamoto-no-Hikaru, was made concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards (Note: the Ichidai Yōki and the Rekidai Kōki give the first day, but the Kugyō Bunin and the Teiō Hennenki are followed here). On the seventh day of the ninth month, the day Hinoto-mi, Kii province reported that a cow had given birth to a calf with white hooves on both of two sides (Note: this work places the day Hinoto-mi, the seventh, under the eighth month, but it is here moved to this month by calculation from the sexagenary cycle). On the twentieth day, the day Kanoe-uma, bands of robbers at Mount Suzuka were put to death (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In winter, on the first day of the tenth month, the day Kanoto-mi, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the eighth day, the day Tsuchinoe-ne, a crow pecked at the markers of the Rōkoku, the water clock, and herons flocked upon the rank-markers, han'i, of the Shishinden; the Hannya Sutra was accordingly read by alternate recitation at the Seiryōden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the seventeenth day, the day Hinoto-tori, the Cloistered Emperor made a progress to Mount Hiei (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Hinoe-uma, the Lotus Sutra was copied out in gold characters at Ninnaji temple (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). Fifty monks performed the Hokke Hakkō, the Eight Lectures on the Lotus Sutra, to celebrate the Cloistered Emperor's fortieth-year felicitation (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Ichidai Yōki; the number of fifty monks follows the Saikyūki). On the seventh day of the eleventh month, the day Hinoe-tatsu, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at the Suzaku-in (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Saikyūki).

¶In the seventh year, the year Hinoto-u (907), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Tsuchinoe-tora, because Princess Shikishi had died, he did not appear at the Shishinden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Saikyūki). Because the ceremony of the Eight Ministries had been performed, the New Year's felicitations were not held (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the third day, the day Kanoe-tatsu, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at Ninnaji temple. On the twenty-second day of the second month, the day Tsuchinoto-mi, a comet appeared in the west (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki; the entry for the first year of Chōshō in the Chūyūki gives the twenty-third day, and the Ichidai Yōki the twenty-sixth day of the seventh month). On the eighth day of the third month, the day Kinoto-tori, sutras were recited at the Fifteen Great Temples. In summer, on the seventh day of the sixth month, the day Mizunoe-ne, the Kōtaifujin, Empress-Mother, of the Fujiwara clan, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku; the Fusō Ryakki gives the eighth day. None of the sources record her burial). In autumn, on the first day of the ninth month, the day Kinoto-i, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). This month, the emperor made a progress to the Ōi River (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In winter, on the second day of the tenth month, the day Hinoe-uma, the Cloistered Emperor made a progress to Mount Kumano (Note: the Nihon Kiryaku and the Kumano Ryakki give the third day, but the Fusō Ryakki and the Ranshōshō are followed here). On the twenty-eighth day, the day Mizunoe-saru, he returned from Kumano (Note: following the Ranshōshō). On the third day of the eleventh month, the day Hinoe-ne, new coins were minted, and were put into circulation alongside the Kanpyō Taihō coins. On the last day of the month, the day Mizunoto-u, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). This year, the Minister of the Left Fujiwara-no-Tokihira and others presented the Engi Kyaku, the Engi Supplementary Statutes (Note: following the preface to the Engi Kyaku found in the Honchō Monzui. The Nihon Kiryaku states that ten scrolls of the Engi Kyaku were presented in the eighth month of the first year and put into effect in the eleventh month of the fifth year. According to the preface to the Engi Kyaku, however, the compilation, begun in the eleventh year of Jōgan, reached twelve scrolls by the seventh year of Engi. The Teiō Hennenki likewise places the matter in this year. It would appear that the whole was only completed in this year).

¶In the eighth year, the year Tsuchinoe-tatsu (908), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Mizunoto-tori, the New Year's felicitations were cancelled on account of snow (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the first day of the second month, the day Mizunoe-tora, there was a solar eclipse. In summer, on the fifth day of the fourth month, the day Kinoto-mi, the imperial princes Masayasu and Masaakira were made shinnō (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku; the names Masayasu and Masaakira follow the Ichidai Yōki). That summer, a great drought afflicted the realm (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In autumn, on the third day of the seventh month, the day Mizunoe-saru, sutras were recited to pray for rain. On the sixth day, the day Kinoto-i, the Five Dragons rite was performed (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the ninth day, the day Tsuchinoe-tora, an edict declared: "Of late, the fierce heat and drought have continued beyond ten days; We have repeatedly prayed for beneficent rain, yet the gods have not yet responded. The provinces should present offerings to the renowned shrines of their domains" (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). The offices of the Left and Right Capital were further ordered to bury the bones left abandoned in the fields (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). Sutras were recited at the jōgakuji, officially recognized temples, of the provinces. On the twelfth day, the day Kanoto-mi, offerings were presented at the various shrines. On the sixteenth day, the day Kinoto-tori, offerings were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the nineteenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-ne, prayers for rain were offered at the Shinsen'en garden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Kinoto-hitsuji, envoys were sent to pray for rain at the imperial mausolea (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the first day of the eighth month, the day Kanoe-ne, there was a solar eclipse. On the ninth day of the ninth month, the day Hinoto-ushi, because the grain had failed to ripen, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled. In winter, on the ninth day of the tenth month, the day Hinoto-hitsuji, sacred treasures and an envoy for the shrine relocation were sent to the Toyouke Shrine at Ise (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-sixth day of the eleventh month, the day Kinoe-uma, fifty thousand of the new coins were each presented to the Retired Emperor and the Cloistered Emperor, twenty thousand were bestowed on the Crown Prince, and shares were distributed according to station among the imperial princes and those of Fifth Rank and above who had an audience in person. On the eleventh day of the twelfth month, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, the new coins were presented at the various shrines. On the thirteenth day, the day Kanoe-inu, shares were distributed to the Seven Great Temples (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the twenty-seventh day, the day Kinoe-ne, the Engi Kyaku was promulgated (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-eighth day, the day Kinoto-ushi, Mutsu province reported that the branches of two trees had grown together, renri. This year, Balhae sent tribute to the court (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the ninth year, the year Tsuchinoto-mi (909), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Tsuchinoe-tatsu, the New Year's felicitations were cancelled on account of rain (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-first day, the day Tsuchinoe-ne, because the harvest had failed the previous year, the Naien, the Inner Palace Banquet, was cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-seventh day, the day Kinoe-uma, the prices of grain in the jōheisō, the Ever-Normal Granaries, throughout the realm were fixed (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). Imperial Prince Gyōchū died. On the first day of the second month, the day Hinoto-tori, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). The Sekiten, the Confucian rite, was cancelled. On the seventh day, the day Mizunoto-u, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). This month, grain was sold from the Ever-Normal Granaries (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the ninth day of the third month, the day Kinoe-inu, the Cloistered Emperor performed the Hokke Hakkō at Ninnaji temple (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-third day, the day Tsuchinoe-ne, a hundred monks were summoned to the palace to recite the Ninnō Sutra (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Saikyūki). From spring into summer, a great epidemic raged (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In summer, on the fourth day of the fourth month, the day Tsuchinoto-i, the Minister of the Left and concurrently Captain of the Left Palace Guards, Fujiwara-no-Tokihira, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Kugyō Bunin). On the fifth day, the day Kanoe-ne, frost fell (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-second day, the day Hinoto-mi, the Minister of the Right and concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards, Minamoto-no-Hikaru, was transferred to Captain of the Left Palace Guards (Note: following the Kugyō Bunin; the Ichidai Yōki gives the twenty-third day), and the Middle Counsellor Taira-no-Korenori was made concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards (Note: the Ichidai Yōki and the Rekidai Kōki give the twenty-second day of the eighth month, but the Kugyō Bunin is followed here). On the tenth day of the fifth month, the day Kinoe-inu, the Ninnō Sutra was recited over three days at the various shrines and temples to drive away pestilence (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki; the Nihon Kiryaku gives the ninth day). On the nineteenth day, the day Mizunoto-hitsuji, there was a flood (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-fourth day, the day Tsuchinoe-ne, a shooting star streaked toward the southeast (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Kanoe-tora, the Ninnō-e assembly was held to pray for the end of the pestilence (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the fifth day of the sixth month, the day Tsuchinoto-i, heavy rain fell without ceasing for more than ten days, and every hedge and wall in the capital collapsed (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twelfth day, the day Hinoe-uma, offerings were presented at the various shrines to pray for clear weather (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-third day, the day Hinoto-mi, offerings were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise. In autumn, on the eighth day of the seventh month, the day Kanoto-hitsuji, the selling price of grain was standardized at the eastern and western harbors. This month, because of the pestilence of spring and summer, the Sumai Festival, the sumo wrestling festival, was cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the first day of the eighth month, the day Kinoe-uma, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the third day, the day Hinoe-saru, offerings were presented at the various shrines. On the seventh day, the day Kanoe-ne, offerings were presented to Usa (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, prayers for clear weather were offered at Niu and Kifune (Note: following the Hokuzanshō). In the intercalary month, cherry, peach, plum, citron, persimmon, and wisteria all blossomed in the capital, and the plum and citron bore fruit (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku; the Fusō Ryakki places this in the eighth month). On the ninth day of the ninth month, the day Kanoto-ushi, because of the pestilence and the trees' untimely blossoming, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventeenth day, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, Kōzuke province reported an auspicious ear of rice, a single stalk bearing nine ears (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku; the detail of nine ears on one stalk follows the Fusō Ryakki). On the eighteenth day, the day Kanoe-inu, the Middle Counsellor and concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards, Taira-no-Korenori, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Kugyō Bunin). On the twenty-seventh day, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, the Provisional Middle Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Tadahira was made concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards (Note: following the Kugyō Bunin and the Ichidai Yōki). In winter, on the twenty-eighth day of the tenth month, the day Kanoe-tora, because peach and plum had blossomed in autumn and insects that should have lain dormant were heard chirping in winter, the Ninnō-e assembly was held (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-sixth day of the eleventh month, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, Imperial Prince Sadamoto, of Fourth Rank, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-seventh day, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, the Dazaifu presented a peacock (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the tenth year, the year Kanoe-uma (910), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, because of the drought of the eighth year and the pestilence of the previous year, the New Year's felicitations were cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-third day of the third month, the day Mizunoto-hitsuji, the deposed Empress Dowager, of the Fujiwara clan, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami; the Fusō Ryakki gives the twenty-fourth day). In summer, on the twenty-second day of the fourth month, the day Kanoto-mi, there was a great storm of wind and rain, and houses in the capital were destroyed. On the fourteenth day of the sixth month, the day Mizunoe-saru, lightning struck near the Teiji-in, and a child was struck and killed. On the twenty-first day, the day Tsuchinoto-u, the moon, ringed with a halo, encroached upon Saturn, the Legs and Bond constellations, and the Great Mausoleum and Celestial Highway asterisms; and by the riverside in Shikinokami district of Yamato province an infant girl was found abandoned, her body resembling that of an earless calf (Note: this work mistakenly places the two matters of the thunderbolt and the lunar halo in the fifth month, but they are here moved to this month by calculation from the sexagenary cycle). In autumn, on the first day of the seventh month, the day Tsuchinoe-ne, there was a solar eclipse. On the tenth day, the day Hinoto-tori, because of the drought, a general amnesty was granted throughout the realm; offerings and sacrifices were presented to the shrines, renowned mountains, and great rivers of the provinces; bones left in the fields were buried; and hunting and fishing were forbidden. On the eleventh day, the day Tsuchinoe-inu, the moon entered the Southern Dipper, and Mars encroached upon the Room constellation. On the eighteenth day, the day Kinoto-mi, wind and rain tore off roofs and uprooted trees (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-second day, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, the Sangi, Councillor, Fujiwara-no-Sadakata, and the Saemon-no-suke, Assistant Captain of the Left Gate Guards, Taira-no-Koreyo, among others, were sent to the former capital, Nara, to offer an apology for the calamitous omens at the Saho South and Saho East mausolea (Note: following the Tōdaiji Yōroku. This work gives the twelfth day, but it is here corrected on the basis of the sexagenary cycle). On the first day of the eighth month, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, there was a great wind (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Ichidai Yōki). On the eleventh day, the day Tsuchinoe-tatsu, Mars encroached upon the Celestial River asterism (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). This month, prayers for rain were offered at the Shinsen'en garden (Note: following the Gyoki as quoted in the Kiu Nikki). On the fifth day of the ninth month, the day Kanoto-u, the Daigokuden rumbled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki), continuing from evening until midnight (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the ninth day, the day Kinoto-hitsuji, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled because of the drought (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Kanoto-i, the Cloistered Emperor made a progress to Mount Hiei (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the eleventh year, the year Kanoto-hitsuji (911), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Hinoe-inu, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Saikyūki). On the thirteenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-inu, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In summer, on the first day of the sixth month, the day Mizunoto-ushi, there was a solar eclipse. This month, heavy rain fell. In autumn, on the twenty-first day of the ninth month, the day Kanoto-ushi, because herons had flocked upon the Daigokuden, esoteric rites were performed for seven days at the Burakuden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki; the Burakuden and the seven days follow the Fusō Ryakki). In winter, on the twenty-eighth day of the eleventh month, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, the Crown Prince changed his name to Yasuakira (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami). The imperial princes Noriakira and Ariakira were made shinnō (Note: the Ichidai Yōki gives the twenty-first day, but the Nihon Kiryaku is followed here). On the first day of the twelfth month, the day Kanoto-i, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the twelfth year, the year Mizunoe-saru (912), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Kanoe-tatsu, the New Year's felicitations were cancelled on account of rain (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Saikyūki). On the third day, the day Mizunoe-uma, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at Ninnaji temple (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku. This work gives the day as Hinoe-uma, but it is here corrected to Mizunoe-uma by calculation from the sexagenary cycle). On the eleventh day, the day Kanoe-tora, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the second day of the second month, the day Kanoto-i, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at Ninnaji temple (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Saikyūki). On the ninth day of the third month, the day Tsuchinoe-ne, a Flower Banquet, hana-no-en, was held (Note: following the Shingishiki). On the twenty-first day, the day Kanoe-ne, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In summer, on the eighth day of the fourth month, the day Hinoe-tatsu, the sun was faintly eclipsed (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the fifth day of the fifth month, the day Mizunoto-hitsuji, the Ninnō Sutra was recited at the renowned shrines and the Fifteen Great Temples, to drive away pestilence in advance (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the first day of the intercalary month, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the second day of the sixth month, the day Tsuchinoe-tora, offerings were presented at the various shrines to pray for rain (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the third day, the day Tsuchinoto-u, a comet appeared in the northwest (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In autumn, on the fourth day of the seventh month, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, offerings were presented to Niu and Kifune to pray for rain (Note: following the Saikyūki). In winter, on the first day of the eleventh month, the day Kinoto-mi, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the nineteenth day of the twelfth month, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, the Kebiishi were ordered to investigate those in the capital who had suffered from fires, and rice and salt were given to them (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the thirteenth year, the year Mizunoto-tori (913), in spring, on the sixth day of the third month, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, Imperial Prince Sadahira, of Third Rank, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twelfth day, the day Kinoto-u, the Minister of the Right and concurrently Captain of the Left Palace Guards, Minamoto-no-Hikaru, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Kugyō Bunin). In summer, on the fifteenth day of the fourth month, the day Hinoto-i, the Major Counsellor and concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards, Fujiwara-no-Tadahira, was transferred to Captain of the Left Palace Guards, and the Middle Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Michiakira was made concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards (Note: the Ichidai Yōki gives the seventeenth day, and the Rekidai Kōki the twenty-seventh day, but the Kugyō Bunin is followed here). On the twenty-sixth day of the fifth month, the day Hinoto-u, he made a progress to the Shinsen'en garden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). That summer, drought afflicted the realm (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In autumn, on the eighth day of the seventh month, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, offerings were presented at the various shrines (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the first day of the eighth month, the day Kanoe-uma, a great wind broke trees and destroyed houses. On the fifth day, the day Kinoe-inu, gifts were given, according to need, to more than fifteen hundred households that had suffered from the storm (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki; the figure of more than fifteen hundred households follows the Fusō Ryakki). On the ninth day of the ninth month, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled because of the storm, flood, and drought damage (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, the Saikyūki, and the Hokuzanshō). In winter, on the eighth day of the tenth month, the day Hinoe-ne, the Kōi, Handmaid, Fujiwara-no-Nōshi, was made consort (Note: the Ichidai Yōki gives the fourteenth year, but the Nihon Kiryaku is followed here). On the first day of the eleventh month, the day Tsuchinoto-i, there was a solar eclipse. On the seventh day, the day Kinoto-mi, a great wind destroyed houses, and the Umeryō, the Right Bureau of Horses, collapsed. On the twenty-third day of the twelfth month, the day Kanoe-tora, small birds covered the sky, flying on for several days (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). This year, twenty-three provinces were struck by storm, drought, and flood (Note: following the Hokuzanshō).

¶In the fourteenth year, the year Kinoe-inu (914), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Tsuchinoe-inu, because the harvest had failed the previous year, the New Year's felicitations were not held (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twelfth day, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, the Middle Counsellor and concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards, Fujiwara-no-Michiakira, was made Kōtaishi-fu, Tutor to the Crown Prince (Note: following the Kugyō Bunin). On the fifteenth day of the second month, the day Mizunoe-uma, an edict ordered the Kugyō, Court Nobles, the Taifu, and the provincial governors each to speak their minds without reserve and to exhaust every consideration (Note: following Miyoshi-no-Kiyoyuki's sealed memorial of opinion as recorded in the Honchō Monzui). In summer, on the first day of the fourth month, the day Hinoto-u, there was a solar eclipse. On the second day of the fifth month, the day Tsuchinoe-inu, the eastern capital, the Left Capital, caught fire (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the third day, the day Tsuchinoto-i, rice and salt were given to those who had suffered in the fire. On the fifteenth day, the day Kanoto-i, offerings were presented at Ise and the other shrines to pray for rain (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the first day of the sixth month, the day Hinoe-tora, extravagance in dress was forbidden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the fifteenth day, the day Kanoe-tatsu, there was a flood (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In autumn, on the sixteenth day of the eighth month, the day Kanoe-tatsu, offerings were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise to pray for a bountiful harvest (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Tsuchinoto-ushi, the Major Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Tadahira was made Minister of the Right (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Kugyō Bunin). On the first day of the eleventh month, the day Mizunoto-mi, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Hinoto-mi, the imperial princes Tokiakira and Nagaakira were made shinnō (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Ichidai Yōki).

¶In the fifteenth year, the year Kinoto-i (915), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, the New Year's felicitations were cancelled on account of rain (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the tenth day of the second month, the day Kanoto-hitsuji, Shinano province reported that robbers had killed the Kōzuke Suke, Assistant Governor of Kōzuke, Fujiwara-no-Atsunori. On the first day of the third month, the day Kanoto-tori, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In summer, on the twelfth day of the fourth month, the day Mizunoe-tora, the Ninnō Sutra was recited over three days at eleven shrines, to drive away pestilence in the capital and the provinces (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the sixth day of the fifth month, the day Hinoe-tora, the Shigeisha hall collapsed for no apparent reason, and a child was crushed beneath it and died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-eighth day, the day Tsuchinoe-ne, prisoners were pardoned because of the drought (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twentieth day of the sixth month, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, sutras were recited at the Daigokuden to drive away pestilence and pray for rain (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-fourth day, the day Mizunoto-ushi, the Shōu-kyō rite for praying for rain was performed at the Shinsen'en garden, and the Five Dragons were worshipped at the Onmyōryō, the Bureau of Divination (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In autumn, on the fifth day of the seventh month, the day Kinoe-ne, the sun lost its light (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the thirteenth day, the day Mizunoe-saru, Dewa province reported that ash had fallen and settled some two sun deep, withering the mulberry trees (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the nineteenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-tora, Princess Senshi was chosen by divination as Kamo Priestess (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-fourth day, the day Mizunoto-hitsuji, offerings were presented at nine shrines to pray for rain (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In the eighth month, the trees of the capital blossomed out of season, and dysentery raged throughout the realm. On the first day of the ninth month, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventh day, the day Kinoto-ushi, because of the dysentery and the trees' untimely blossoming, offerings were presented at Iwashimizu, Kamo, and other shrines (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the ninth day, the day Hinoto-u, because the drought and pestilence in the provinces had left the people unable to till their fields, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki; that the people could not till their fields follows the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Mizunoto-hitsuji, the Ninnō Sutra was recited over three days at the various shrines and temples to drive away smallpox and dysentery (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In winter, on the eleventh day of the tenth month, the day Tsuchinoe-inu, the emperor contracted smallpox (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the sixteenth day, the day Mizunoto-u, the great purification rite was performed in the courtyard of the Shishinden and at the two gates, Kenrei and Suzaku; twenty monks recited sutras at the Jijūden; the plague demons, ekiki, were worshipped before the Kenrei Gate; arrears of chō and yō, tribute and labor taxes, from before the tenth year of Engi were remitted; and this year's corvée labor, yōeki, was reduced by half (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku).

¶In the sixteenth year, the year Hinoe-ne (916), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Hinoe-tatsu, because of the calamity of smallpox the previous year, the New Year's felicitations were cancelled. On the twentieth day, the day Kinoto-i, the Naien was cancelled. On the third day of the third month, the day Hinoto-mi, the Goto, the imperial lantern rite, was cancelled. On this same day, in celebration of the Cloistered Emperor's longevity, rice was given to the aged and to those suffering from hunger and illness (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the seventh day, the day Kanoto-tori, he went to the Suzaku-in to celebrate the Cloistered Emperor's fiftieth-year felicitation (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Ichidai Yōki; the Saikyūki gives the fifth month, or alternatively the eleventh month of the tenth year). On the nineteenth day, the day Mizunoto-tori, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at the Teiji-in (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In summer, on the third day of the fifth month, the day Hinoto-mi, hail fell. On the seventh day, the day Kanoto-tori, Imperial Prince Sadazumi, of Fourth Rank, died. On the twenty-second day, the day Hinoe-ne, hail fell amid a fierce gale (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). Officials of the various Palace Guards offices were sent to investigate those who had suffered from the storm, and gifts were given to them (Note: following the Saikyūshō). On the twenty-ninth day of the sixth month, the day Mizunoe-ne, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). Offerings were presented at the various shrines to pray for rain (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In autumn, on the sixth day of the seventh month, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, offerings were further presented at twenty-seven shrines. On the twelfth day of the eighth month, the day Kinoe-uma, Fujiwara-no-Hidesato, Fujiwara-no-Kaneari, and sixteen others of Shimotsuke province, eighteen men in all, were exiled. On the twenty-second day, the day Kinoe-tatsu, the Dazaifu reported that a cow in Sawara district of Chikuzen province had given birth to a calf with two heads and six legs (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the first day of the ninth month, the day Mizunoto-ushi, there was a solar eclipse. On the twenty-eighth day, the day Kanoe-tatsu, he made a progress to the Suzaku-in and examined the students of the academy. In winter, on the day Kinoe-tatsu of the tenth month, the Crown Prince underwent his genpuku at the Shishinden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki; the Shishinden follows the Fusō Ryakki). Those throughout the realm who succeeded as heads of households, being of Sixth Rank or below, were each granted an advance of one grade in court rank; gifts were bestowed on the aged; and unpaid taxes from before the fifteenth year of Engi were remitted. On the eighth day of the twelfth month, the day Tsuchinoto-ushi — earlier, Kamitsukeno-no-Yoshitomo and six other exiles from Izumo had fled. On this day, the capital region and the Seven Circuits were ordered to search for and arrest them (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku).

¶In the seventeenth year, the year Hinoto-ushi (917), in spring, on the twenty-second day of the first month, the day Mizunoe-saru, because an imperial nephew had died, the Naien was cancelled (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki; the nephew's name is not recorded). On the twenty-fourth day, the day Kinoe-inu, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at the Teiji-in (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the first day of the third month, the day Kanoe-inu, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the sixteenth day, the day Kinoto-ushi, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at the Rokujō-in (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the twenty-third day, the day Mizunoe-saru, hail fell. In summer, on the twelfth day of the sixth month, the day Tsuchinoto-ushi, offerings were presented at the various shrines to drive away pestilence. In autumn, on the twelfth day of the seventh month, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, prayers for rain were offered at Ryūketsu, the Dragon Cave (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the first day of the ninth month, the day Hinoto-hitsuji, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). This month, he made a progress to the Suzaku-in and summoned men of letters to compose poetry. That autumn, because of drought and famine, bands of robbers ran rampant (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In winter, on the fifth day of the intercalary tenth month, the day Kanoto-i, a Chrysanthemum Banquet, kiku-no-en, was held (Note: following the Shingishiki). On the nineteenth day, the day Kinoto-ushi, he made a progress to Kitano (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Teiō Hennenki). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Mizunoe-saru, Bingo province presented a white deer, and it was released into the Shinsen'en garden. On the first day of the eleventh month, the day Hinoe-ne, which fell on the winter solstice (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki), the assembled courtiers presented a memorial of congratulation (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Seiji Yōryaku). On the seventeenth day, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, an edict declared: "The former kings established the rites, observing the movements of the stars as they carried out the myriad affairs of government. The Sovereign on High dispenses His bounty, dividing cold and heat to govern the myriad things. Thus when instruction spreads equally abroad, the courses of sun and moon know no disorder; and when the cycle of yin and yang is in accord, the succession of the seasons does not depart from the calendar's reckoning. We, though of scant virtue, have unworthily inherited this great undertaking, and, as though approaching an abyss or treading on thin ice, have labored in reverent care together with Our ministers, the limbs and arms of the throne. We constantly fear losing the monthly ordinances in the press of urgent business, and that disorder might arise in the seasonal winds and rains. Now the officials have memorialized, saying: 'The morning of the first day of the eleventh month of this year falls upon the winter solstice. To obtain the reckoning of Heaven, and for the year to end and begin anew, is truly an auspicious sign that the reign of a true sovereign shall long endure.' How could this worthless person be fit for such an auspicious sign? We wish to share this joyful omen with the realm. Let a general amnesty therefore be granted throughout the realm. However, this amnesty shall not extend to those offenses not ordinarily pardoned by a general amnesty. The descendants of meritorious ministers, and those whose outstanding ability is conspicuously known to the world, shall be granted especially honorable distinction, so as to keep the standards of the court resplendent. Civil and military officials within and without the capital of the rank of sakan and above shall each be advanced one grade in court rank. Officials of Senior Sixth Rank Upper residing in the capital, shishō and below down to jikichō, and the aged throughout the realm, shall each be granted gifts according to their station. May this bounty spread universally to the four seas, in answer to the grace of Heaven" (Note: following the Seiji Yōryaku). On the first day of the twelfth month, the day Hinoe-uma, the lecture hall of Tōdaiji temple caught fire (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Ichidai Yōki; the Tōdaiji Yōroku gives the fourth day). On the fourth day, the day Tsuchinoto-tori, the Cloistered Emperor made a progress to Tōdaiji and had sutras chanted, fuju, in its behalf (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the fifth day, the day Kanoe-inu, an envoy was sent to Tōdaiji to donate a thousand ton of cotton floss (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Tōdaiji Yōroku). No rain had fallen since the ninth month, and the wells of the capital had run dry. On the nineteenth day, the day Kinoe-ne, the Retired Emperor permitted the people to draw water from the pond of the Reizei-in. On the twentieth day, the day Kinoto-ushi, because the water of the Reizei-in had run dry, an edict ordered that water be drawn instead from the pond of the Shinsen'en. On the twenty-sixth day, the day Kanoto-hitsuji, every well and spring had run dry, and fires broke out repeatedly in the capital region. On the twenty-seventh day, the day Mizunoe-saru, rain fell (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku).

¶In the eighteenth year, the year Tsuchinoe-tora (918), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Kinoto-i, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-sixth day of the second month, the day Tsuchinoto-mi, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at the Rokujō-in (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the nineteenth day of the third month, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, the wearing of deep crimson garments was forbidden (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki and the Hōsō Shiyōroku). In summer, on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month, the day Kinoto-ushi, lightning struck the main hall of Tōji temple, causing a fire (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In autumn, on the first day of the eighth month, the day Kanoto-ushi, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the sixteenth day, the day Hinoe-tatsu, a great storm of wind and rain broke trees and tore off roofs (Note: the Nihon Kiryaku gives the fifteenth day, but the Fusō Ryakki is followed here). On the seventeenth day, the day Hinoto-mi, the Yodo River flooded greatly, and many people and animals were swept away and drowned (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In winter, on the first day of the tenth month, the day Kanoto-ushi, a comet appeared (Note: following the entry for the first year of Chōshō in the Chūyūki). On the eighth day, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at the Suzaku-in (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the nineteenth day, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, he made a progress to Kitano (Note: the Nihon Kiryaku gives the ninth month, but the Fusō Ryakki, the Saikyūki, and the Rekidai Kōki are followed here). The Crown Prince accompanied him. This month, the Dazaifu memorialized that Iki island had reported: "A comet appeared in the southwest. The two shrines of Nagahime and Sumiyoshi rumbled, and the Takamioya Shrine rumbled as well. A luminous flame flew off toward the east" (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the nineteenth year, the year Tsuchinoto-u (919), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Kanoe-uma, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nijō Annals in the Hyakurenshō). The Kochōhai, the Lesser New Year's Audience, was restored (Note: following the Saikyūki, the Hokuzanshō, and the Gōke Shidai). In summer, on the twenty-third day of the fifth month, the day Tsuchinoto-ushi, the Musashi relay station reported that the former Gon-no-suke, Provisional Assistant Governor, Minamoto-no-Tamotsu, had burned the provincial government buildings, plundered government goods, and plotted to attack the provincial governor Takamuko-no-Toshiharu. On the seventeenth day of the sixth month, the day Mizunoe-ne, sutras were recited over three days at the various shrines to pray for rain. On the twenty-second day, the day Hinoto-mi, offerings were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise. On the twenty-eighth day, the day Mizunoto-i, offerings were presented at the Dragon Cave, and the Shōu-kyō rite was performed at the Shinsen'en garden. On the twenty-ninth day, the day Kinoe-ne, offerings were presented at the Yamashina mausoleum, apologizing for trees that had been felled there (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the last day of the month, the day Kinoto-ushi, a hundred monks read the Ninnō Sutra by alternate recitation at the Daigokuden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In autumn, on the fourth day of the seventh month, the day Tsuchinoto-mi, offerings were presented at thirteen shrines (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the fifth day, the day Kanoe-uma, the sun turned reddish-black and lost its light (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventh day, the day Mizunoe-saru, beneficent rain fell (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the thirteenth day of the eighth month, the day Hinoto-hitsuji, the Major Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Michiakira resigned as Captain of the Right Palace Guards (Note: following the Kugyō Bunin and the Ichidai Yōki). On the twenty-seventh day, the day Kanoto-tori, the wells east of the Palace Guards offices and north of Nijō ran dry (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the ninth day of the ninth month, the day Mizunoto-tori, because the grain had failed to ripen, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the thirteenth day, the day Hinoto-ushi, the Middle Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Sadakata was made concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards (Note: following the Kugyō Bunin; the Ichidai Yōki gives the thirtieth day of the first month of the twentieth year). That night, a banquet was held at the Seiryōden (Note: following the Mitsune-shū. It is said in the world that the admiring of the moon on the night of the thirteenth of the ninth month began in the Engi era. According to the entry for the first year of Hōen in the Chūyūki, the Cloistered Emperor of Kanpyō had once praised the harvest moon of this night as "unrivalled," and from this the custom of moon-viewing on this night is said to have spread in the world. This is accordingly appended here for reference). In winter, in the tenth month, officials of the calendrical arts memorialized, and the banquet was called off. This year, the grain failed to ripen in thirty-five provinces (Note: following the Hokuzanshō).

¶In the twentieth year, the year Kanoe-tatsu (920), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Kinoe-ne, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Nijō Annals in the Hyakurenshō). In summer, on the tenth day of the fifth month, the day Mizunoe-saru, Balhae sent tribute to the court (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventeenth day of the sixth month, the day Hinoto-hitsuji, the Major Counsellor and concurrently Tutor to the Crown Prince, Fujiwara-no-Michiakira, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Kugyō Bunin). In autumn, in the seventh month, because of drought, storm and flood damage in spring and summer, and an epidemic of coughing sickness, the Sumai Festival was cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the fourteenth day, the day Mizunoto-u, offerings were presented at the various shrines to pray for rain. On the nineteenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, offerings were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise to pray for rain and drive away the coughing sickness. On the twentieth day of the eighth month, the day Tsuchinoe-tora, prayers for clear weather were offered at Niu and Kifune (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the ninth day of the ninth month, the day Hinoto-tori, because of the poor harvest in the provinces and the coughing sickness, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In winter, on the twenty-first day of the eleventh month, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, offerings were presented at twelve shrines in thanksgiving for the end of the coughing sickness, and to drive it fully away (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-eighth day of the twelfth month, the day Kinoto-tori, the imperial princes Takaakira and Kaneakira were granted the surname Minamoto-no-Ason (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki. Neither of these two works records the princes' names, but considering the Kugyō Bunin, which records them as "the first Minamoto son of Daigo, Takaakira" and "the second Minamoto son, Kaneakira," this is followed here).

¶In the twenty-first year, the year Kanoto-mi (921), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Tsuchinoe-ne (Note: the source text gives this as "Tsuchinoe-ne-chō," which appears to be an error for "first day," saku), the New Year's felicitations were not held (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki; this work gives no reason for it). On the twentieth day, the day Hinoto-hitsuji, because of the coughing sickness of the previous year and the poor harvest in the provinces, the Naien was cancelled. On the twenty-fifth day of the second month, the day Mizunoe-uma, Princess Shōshi was chosen by divination as Kamo Priestess (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku; the Ichidai Yōki gives the twenty-second year). On the thirteenth day of the third month, the day Tsuchinoto-i, the Major Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Kiyotsura was made Tutor to the Crown Prince (Note: following the Kugyō Bunin). In winter, on the eighteenth day of the tenth month, the day Kanoe-uma, he watched bugaku, court dance and music, at the Seiryōden. On the fourth day of the eleventh month, the day Kinoto-tori, Sūfukuji temple caught fire (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the first day of the twelfth month, the day Mizunoe-ne, there was a solar eclipse. On the ninth day, the day Kanoe-saru, he made a progress to Kitano (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the seventeenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-tatsu, the emperor's younger brother Masaakira was made shinnō (Note: the Ichidai Yōki gives the seventh day of the tenth month of the following year, but the Nihon Kiryaku is followed here).

¶In the twenty-second year, the year Mizunoe-uma (922), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Mizunoe-uma, the New Year's felicitations were cancelled on account of rain (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Hinoe-uma, he made a progress to the Kawara-in. On the eighth day of the second month, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, Imperial Prince Sadayori, of Fourth Rank, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In summer, on the fifth day of the fifth month, the day Kinoe-saru, because of pestilence in the capital, the Tango Festival, the Boys' Festival, was cancelled (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-ninth day, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, the Ninnō Sutra was read by alternate recitation over three days at eleven shrines, to drive away the pestilence in the capital (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In autumn, on the fourteenth day of the seventh month, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, the Shōu-kyō rite was performed over seven days at the Shinsen'en garden (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-seventh day, the day Kinoto-mi, the Sumai Festival was held. Music was omitted on account of the drought (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the third day of the eighth month, the day Kanoe-inu, the Peacock Sutra rite was performed at Tōji temple to pray for rain (Note: following the Hokuzanshō). On the ninth day of the ninth month, the day Hinoe-inu, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled because of the poor harvest (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In winter, on the fourteenth day of the tenth month, the day Kanoe-saru, because the Saigū-ryō, the Office of the Ise Priestess, had caught fire, offerings were presented to the Grand Shrine of Ise. On the twenty-first day, the day Hinoto-u, envoys were appointed in the provinces to survey the fukanden, fields left untilled because of storm and flood damage (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-second day of the eleventh month, the day Tsuchinoe-inu, Imperial Prince Koretada died (Note: the Kōin Shōunroku and the Sonpi Bunmyaku give the tenth month, but the Nihon Kiryaku and the Ichidai Yōki are followed here).

¶In the first year of Enchō, the year Mizunoto-hitsuji (923), in spring, on the ninth day of the first month, the day Kinoe-saru, the home provinces were ordered to drive away the coughing sickness (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-seventh day, the day Mizunoe-tora, the Daihannya Sutra was recited over three days at the Shishinden to drive away the coughing sickness (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki; the Daihannya Sutra follows the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-first day of the third month, the day Kinoto-hitsuji, because of the Crown Prince's illness, a general amnesty was granted (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). That night, the Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Yasuakira, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). The Kamo festival was cancelled. A strange omen occurred within the palace, and baseless rumors spread through the capital, so that high and low alike were thrown into alarm. Monks were summoned to perform rites of exorcism. In summer, on the eighth day of the fourth month, the day Mizunoe-ne, because a bird had built its nest within a government office, thirty monks recited one thousand scrolls of the Kongō Hannya Sutra (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twentieth day, the day Kinoe-ne, an edict restored to the late Minister of the Right, Sugawara-no-Michizane, his original office (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Kanoe-uma, the consort Fujiwara-no-Onshi was made Empress, kōgō (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki and the entry for the fifth year of Daiji in the Chūyūki. The Nihon Kiryaku gives this day as Mizunoe-saru, and the Fusō Ryakki as Mizunoto-tori, but it is here corrected to Kanoe-uma by calculation from the sexagenary cycle). On the twenty-ninth day, the day Mizunoto-tori, the imperial grandson, Prince Yoshiyori, was made Crown Prince (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the back-notes of the Ōkagami). The Major Counsellor and concurrently Captain of the Right Palace Guards, Fujiwara-no-Sadakata, was made Tutor to the Crown Prince (Note: following the Kugyō Bunin). On the eleventh day of the intercalary month, the day Kinoto-tori, the era name was changed (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Kōdaiki). On the twenty-second day, the day Hinoe-saru, offerings were presented at the various shrines to drive away pestilence. On the seventeenth day of the fifth month, the day Kanoe-saru, Venus was visible in daytime. On the eighteenth day, the day Kanoto-tori, the Ninnō-e assembly was held to drive away the coughing sickness. On the twentieth day, the day Mizunoto-i, black and white clouds spread across the whole sky. On the twenty-second day, the day Kinoto-ushi, white insects swarmed in flight, covering the sky from Sanjō to Rokujō (Note: this work gives the day as Kinoto-hitsuji, but it is here corrected to Kinoto-ushi by calculation from the sexagenary cycle). In autumn, on the last day of the eighth month, the day Kanoto-ushi, offerings were presented at the various shrines because of prolonged rain (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the ninth day of the ninth month, the day Kanoe-inu, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled because of pestilence (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Hinoto-u, offerings were presented to Usa (Note: following the Saikyūki). In winter, on the first day of the tenth month, the day Kanoto-hitsuji, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the second year, the year Kinoe-saru (924), in spring, on the twenty-second day of the first month, the day Kanoto-tori, the Minister of the Right, Fujiwara-no-Tadahira, was made Minister of the Left, and the Major Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Sadakata was made Minister of the Right (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Kugyō Bunin). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Kinoe-ne, the Cloistered Emperor celebrated the emperor's fortieth-year felicitation (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Kyōkunshō). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Kinoto-ushi, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at the Naka-no-Rokujō-in (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In summer, on the fifth day of the fifth month, the day Mizunoe-tora, the Tango Festival was cancelled. On the seventh day, the day Kinoe-tatsu, rain fell. On the nineteenth day of the sixth month, the day Hinoe-inu, Imperial Prince Sadayasu, of Second Rank and Minister of Ceremonial, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In autumn, on the first day of the seventh month, the day Tsuchinoe-inu, the Shōu-kyō rite was performed at the Shinsen'en garden (Note: following the Gyoki as quoted in the Tōji Chōja Bunin). On the ninth day of the ninth month, the day Kinoe-tatsu, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled because of the poor harvest (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In winter, on the seventeenth day of the tenth month, the day Mizunoe-uma, a white rainbow arched across the sky (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-first day, the day Hinoe-inu, he made a progress to the Suzaku-in, watched a horse race, kurabe-uma, and had music performed from aboard a boat (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the seventeenth day of the twelfth month, the day Kanoto-mi, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the third year, the year Kinoto-tori (925), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Kinoe-uma, the New Year's felicitations were cancelled on account of snow. On the third day, the day Hinoe-saru, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at Ninnaji temple (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the fourteenth day, the day Hinoto-hitsuji, because of the heavy snow and severe cold, a thousand ton of cotton floss was given to the monks and laity of Ninnaji temple (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the twenty-seventh day of the third month, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, Yamashiro province presented a white crow (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In summer, on the fifth day of the fifth month, the day Hinoe-saru, the Tango Festival was cancelled. On the twenty-fifth day, the day Hinoe-tatsu, the Saishu, Chief Priest of Ise, Ōnakatomi-no-Yasunori, was ordered to pray for rain (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the seventh day of the sixth month, the day Tsuchinoe-tatsu, the emperor contracted okori, a malarial fever, but recovered within a few days. On the thirteenth day, the day Kinoe-inu, he was afflicted with dysentery, and sutras were recited at the various shrines, and prayers for rain offered (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the eighteenth day, the day Tsuchinoto-u, the Crown Prince, Prince Yoshiyori, died (Note: the Nihon Kiryaku gives the nineteenth day, but the Kugyō Bunin, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Ichidai Yōki are followed here). In autumn, on the sixteenth day of the seventh month, the day Hinoto-hitsuji, prayers for rain were offered for seven days at Enryakuji and for five days at the Shinsen'en garden (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the nineteenth day, the day Kanoe-inu, the water of the Shinsen'en pond was drawn off to irrigate the fields south of the capital. On the twenty-seventh day, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, the Sumai Festival was cancelled because of the drought. On this day, prayers for rain were offered at Tōdaiji temple. On the ninth day of the ninth month, the day Tsuchinoto-i, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled because of the poor harvest (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the thirteenth day, the day Mizunoto-u, horses were presented as offerings at the various shrines (Note: following the Saikyūki). In winter, on the third day of the tenth month, the day Mizunoe-inu, thunder was heard (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-first day, the day Kanoe-tatsu, the imperial prince Hiroakira was made Crown Prince (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Ōkagami), and the Minister of the Left and concurrently Captain of the Left Palace Guards, Fujiwara-no-Tadahira, was made his Tutor (Note: following the Kugyō Bunin and the Sekkanden). On the fourteenth day of the eleventh month, the day Mizunoto-tori, an official directive was issued to the provincial governors throughout the realm, ordering them to submit their Fudoki, Records of Local Customs and Products (Note: following the Chōya Gunsai).

¶In the fourth year, the year Hinoe-inu (926), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In summer, on the nineteenth day of the fourth month, the day Kinoto-mi, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the fourth day of the fifth month, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, offerings were presented at eighteen shrines to pray for the peace of the realm and a bountiful harvest (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the fifth day, the day Kanoe-saru, the Tango Festival was cancelled. In autumn, on the sixteenth day of the seventh month, the day Mizunoto-tori, there was a great windstorm. This month, Mount Hase in Yamato province collapsed (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In winter, on the ninth day of the tenth month, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, the prohibition on deep crimson garments was reaffirmed and made more strict (Note: following the Hōsō Shiyōshō). On the nineteenth day, the day Mizunoe-tora, the emperor accompanied the Cloistered Emperor on a progress to the Ōi River (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the back-notes of the Ōkagami). On the sixth day of the eleventh month, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, he hunted at Kitano (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Saikyūki), and then proceeded to Funaoka (Note: following the Hokuzanshō). On the twenty-first day, the day Kinoe-inu, the imperial prince Nariakira was made shinnō (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the fifth day of the twelfth month, the day Tsuchinoe-ne, a law was established requiring the provinces to report the number of households that had suffered loss (Note: following the Seiji Yōryaku). On the nineteenth day, the day Mizunoe-tora, the Cloistered Emperor's sixtieth-year felicitation was celebrated (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-eighth day, the day Kanoto-i, the eye-opening consecration of the Buddhist image in the new hall of Daigoji temple was celebrated (Note: following the Gyoki as quoted in the Daigoji Zōjiki). Imperial Prince Atsukata, of Second Rank and Minister of War, died (Note: following the Teishinkōki as quoted in the Saikyūki; the Ichidai Yōki gives the twenty-seventh day of the fifth month, and the Kōin Shōunroku and the Sonpi Bunmyaku the eighth day of the twelfth month of the first year).

¶In the fifth year, the year Hinoto-i (927), in spring, on the fourteenth day of the second month, the day Kinoto-hitsuji, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at the Naka-no-Rokujō-in (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). In summer, on the tenth day of the fourth month, the day Kanoe-tora, princes and ministers were summoned to the Seiryōden, and he watched an archery wager with small bows (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-third day, the day Mizunoto-u, grain grew wild in the fields of Kitayama, and people vied with one another to gather it (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-second day of the sixth month, the day Kanoto-ushi, offerings were presented at eight shrines because of the drought (Note: following the Gyoki as quoted in the Kiu Nikki). On the twenty-seventh day, the day Hinoe-uma, offerings were presented at the various shrines (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In autumn, on the second day of the seventh month, the day Kanoe-inu, sutras were recited at the Seven Great Temples and other temples (Note: following the Gyoki as quoted in the Kiu Nikki). This month, sutras were recited at the Hasshōin, the Hall of the Eight Ministries, and esoteric rites were performed at the Shinsen'en garden, to pray for rain (Note: following the Hokuzanshō). On the first day of the eighth month, the day Tsuchinoto-u, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-third day, the day Kanoto-ushi, the emperor's younger brother Yukiakira was made shinnō. On the tenth day of the ninth month, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, Imperial Prince Tokiyo died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Ichidai Yōki). On the twentieth day, the day Tsuchinoe-tatsu, Imperial Prince Tokiakira died. On the twenty-fourth day, the day Mizunoe-saru, Imperial Prince Katsuakira, of Third Rank and Minister of War, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-ninth day, the day Hinoto-ushi, at night a black cloud trailed across the sky, some three or four shaku in breadth. In winter, on the twelfth day of the tenth month, the day Kanoe-tora, a fox shot an arrow into the curtain of the Nanden, the Southern Hall. On the thirteenth day, the day Kanoto-u, a shooting star streaked toward the southwest, and a sound was heard near the emperor's seat at the Seiryōden (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Kinoe-tatsu, the eye-opening of the Maitreya image at Sūfukuji temple was celebrated, conducted after the manner of the Gosai-e, the Imperial New Year Lecture Assembly (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-sixth day of the twelfth month, the day Mizunoto-u, the Minister of the Left Fujiwara-no-Tadahira and others presented the Engi Shiki, the Procedures of the Engi Era (Note: following that work's own memorial of presentation; the Nihon Kiryaku places this in the eleventh month).

¶In the sixth year, the year Tsuchinoe-ne (928), in spring, on the first day of the first month, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, a violent storm broke the eastern door of the Jōmei Gate (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the first day of the second month, the day Hinoto-ushi, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the eleventh day, the day Hinoto-i, a ji, a form of solar halo, appeared about the sun. On the eighth day of the third month, the day Kinoe-tora, there was an earthquake. On the thirteenth day, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, Danrinji temple caught fire. In summer, on the seventeenth day of the fourth month, the day Mizunoe-tatsu, there was an earthquake. On the twenty-eighth day, the day Mizunoto-u, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at the Naka-no-Rokujō-in. On the twenty-second day of the fifth month, the day Hinoe-tora, a hundred monks recited sutras at the Shishinden to drive away pestilence. On the last day of the month, the day Mizunoto-tori, lightning struck the tower of the Kaishō Gate. From the fourth month into this month, pestilence raged. On the first day of the sixth month, the day Kinoe-inu, there was an earthquake (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). This month, the Shōnaiki, Junior Secretary, Ono-no-Michikaze, was ordered to inscribe on the whitewashed wall of the southern eaves of the Seiryōden the words and deeds of wise rulers and renowned ministers since the Han dynasty (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In autumn, on the eleventh day of the seventh month, the day Kinoe-tora, lightning struck the pagoda of Saidaiji temple, causing a fire. On the twelfth day, the day Kinoto-u, the Hase River in Yamato province flooded, and many houses were destroyed (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the first day of the eighth month, the day Mizunoto-tori, there was a solar eclipse (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-first day, the day Mizunoto-mi, the Cloistered Emperor issued an edict to the provinces: "Press for payment of the arrears owed by Tōdaiji's allotted households, fuko, and apply them to the costs of its repair" (Note: following the Tōdaiji Yōroku). On the first day of the intercalary month, the day Mizunoto-u, the drought was divined. On the seventeenth day, the day Tsuchinoto-hitsuji, the Cloistered Emperor made a progress to Ishiyamadera temple. On the fourth day of the ninth month, the day Hinoe-ne, Enryakuji presented two white deer, and they were released into the Shinsen'en garden. In winter, on the twenty-first day of the tenth month, the day Mizunoe-inu, he visited the Cloistered Emperor at the Suzaku-in (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the fifth day of the twelfth month, the day Hinoe-uma, he hunted at Ōharano (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Saikyūki).

¶In the seventh year, the year Tsuchinoto-ushi (929), in spring, in the third month, pestilence raged in the capital region and the provinces, and many of the people died. On the twenty-third day, the day Mizunoto-mi, the Fudō rite was performed over seven days at the Burakuin (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). In summer, on the twenty-first day of the fourth month, the day Kanoe-saru, Imperial Prince Sadatoki, of Fourth Rank, died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-fifth day, the day Kinoe-ne, at night something resembling a demon appeared at the Jōneiden. On the seventeenth day of the fifth month, the day Kinoto-tori, Kyŏn Hwŏn, chieftain of Chŏnju in Silla, sent an envoy requesting naturalization, but this was refused (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the seventh day of the sixth month, the day Kinoe-tatsu, offerings were presented at Ise and the other shrines (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In autumn, on the eighth day of the seventh month, the day Kinoto-i, sutras were recited at the Hasshōin, and prayers for rain were offered (Note: following the Ribu-ō-ki as quoted in the Kiu Nikki). On the twenty-sixth day, the day Mizunoto-mi, there was a great storm of wind and rain. The Kamo River breached its banks, destroying many houses in the eastern capital, the Left Capital, and the Yamazaki Bridge was swept away and severed. Throughout the provinces many people and animals died, and the grain was damaged. On the first day of the eighth month, the day Hinoto-tori, ten thousand sheaves of shōzei, the official tax rice, were released to relieve those in Yamashiro province who had suffered from the flood. On the third day, the day Tsuchinoto-i, the fortune of the prolonged rain was divined. On the fifth day, the day Kanoto-ushi, the Hannya Sutra was recited over three days at the Seven Great Temples and Enryakuji, and prayers for clear weather were offered at five shrines (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the tenth day, the day Hinoe-uma, an edict ordered relief for those who had suffered from the flood, and remitted this year's chō, yō, and corvée labor for those most severely affected. The Kugyō were ordered to submit their opinions. On the fifteenth day, the day Kanoto-i, heavy rain in the capital caused the waters to overflow, damaging the grain, and many people drowned (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-ninth day, the day Kinoto-ushi, offerings were presented at the various shrines to pray for clear weather (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the ninth day of the ninth month, the day Kinoto-i, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Hokuzanshō). In winter, on the first day of the tenth month, the day Hinoe-saru, at the Shunen, the Decennial Banquet, the emperor did not appear at the Shishinden on account of his illness, furei (Note: following the Teishinkōki as quoted in the Saikyūki). On the twenty-third day, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, Imperial Prince Masaakira died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the back-notes of the Ōkagami). On the twenty-ninth day of the twelfth month, the day Kinoe-ne, because the following year was reckoned to fall under the calamity of sangō, the Triple Conjunction, offerings were presented at the shrines throughout the realm, and sutras were recited at the Buddhist temples (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki).

¶In the eighth year, the year Kanoe-tora (930), in spring, on the sixth day of the second month, the day Kanoe-ne, rice and grain were given in relief to the sick and destitute of the Left and Right Capital. Relief kitchens were set up along the roadsides to feed the hungry. On the fourteenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-saru, an edict ordered the Kebiishi and the Left Capital office to take in the sick and hungry at the annex halls, kyokuden, of the two institutions, the Seyakuin, Dispensary, and the Hidenin, Charitable Infirmary. Those found in other suitable locations were given curtains, heiman, from the Ōkura-shō, old matting from the Kamonryō, the Bureau of Palace Furnishings, and rice and salt (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-fourth day, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, because of the previous year's storm and flood damage and the pestilence of this spring, a general amnesty was granted throughout the realm (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku), and sutras were recited and esoteric rites performed for seven days. On the twenty-eighth day, the day Mizunoe-inu, the Hyōgo, the Arsenal, rang of itself (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). Imperial Prince Atsuyoshi, of Second Rank and Minister of Ceremonial, died (Note: the Fusō Ryakki gives the twenty-ninth day, but the Nihon Kiryaku is followed here). In summer, on the first day of the fourth month, the day Kinoe-uma, an envoy of Tōtan (the Eastern Khitan state) arrived in Tango province, but was turned away. On the twenty-first day, the day Kinoe-tora, because of the pestilence of spring and summer, the Kanjō-kyō rite was performed at the Burakuin. On the first day of the fifth month, the day Kinoe-ne, offerings were presented at Ise and the other shrines (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the fifteenth day, the day Tsuchinoe-tora, Imperial Prince Sadakata, of Third Rank, died (Note: following the Ichidai Yōki). On the seventeenth day, the day Kanoe-tatsu, the Ninnō-e assembly was held. On the twenty-fourth day, the day Hinoto-i, a rainbow-like halo appeared about the sun (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). This month, a kakusei, a guest star or nova, appeared in the Yūlín constellation, and vanished by the seventh month (Note: following the Ichidai Yōki, and the entry for the second year of Kangi in the Meigetsuki). On the twelfth day of the sixth month, the day Kinoe-tatsu, a rainbow was seen at the southeast corner of the Shishinden and at the southwest corner of the eastern hall of the Daijōkan. On the fourteenth day, the day Hinoe-ne, the gathering of bush warblers upon the beams of the Daigokuden was divined. On the twentieth day, the day Mizunoe-ne, prayers for rain were offered to the deities of the capital region because of the drought. On the twenty-sixth day, the day Tsuchinoe-uma, the people south of the capital requested permission to cut a channel from the pond of the Shinsen'en garden to irrigate their fields, and this was granted (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On this same day, there was a violent storm of wind and rain and thunder, and lightning struck the Seiryōden. The Major Counsellor Fujiwara-no-Kiyotsura, the Ucchūben, Right Minor Controller, Taira-no-Mareyo, and others were struck by the lightning and died (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki. The entry for the second year of Kangi in the Azuma Kagami records a great snowfall on the eighth day of this month, but as this is found nowhere else, it is appended here for reference only). The emperor fell ill (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). In autumn, on the second day of the seventh month, the day Mizunoto-i, he moved his residence to the Jōneiden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Saikyūki). On the fifth day, the day Hinoe-tora, thunder sounded though there were no clouds (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the eighth day, the day Tsuchinoto-mi, the moon was visible in daytime (Note: following the entry for the first year of Ninji in the Hirado-ki). On the fifteenth day, the day Hinoe-ne, a shooting star streaked toward the northeast. On the twentieth day, the day Kanoto-mi, wind and rain brought down the balustrade of the Ryūbidō, the Dragon-Tail Walk (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki. The Kokon Chomonjū relates that black clouds covered the Dragon-Tail platform, a great serpent fell from them, and a balustrade of five or six jō collapsed). On the twenty-first day, the day Mizunoe-uma, the Godan-hō rite was performed at the Jōneiden (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). Images of the Five Great Wisdom Kings in sandalwood were commissioned at Enryakuji (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). This month, the Sumai Festival was cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the ninth day of the eighth month, the day Kanoe-ne, five hundred monks were ordained. On the twelfth day, the day Mizunoto-u, the gathering of doves upon the beams of the western door of the Benkan was divined. On the thirteenth day, the day Kinoe-tatsu, offerings were presented at the various shrines (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the nineteenth day, the day Kanoe-inu, a thousand monks were ordained (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the twenty-first day, the day Mizunoe-ne, monks were summoned to perform esoteric rites for seven days (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the third day of the ninth month, the day Mizunoto-i, the Goto rite was cancelled (Note: following the Saikyūki). On the seventh day, the day Hinoto-u, the emperor's illness grew grave. The Minister of the Left, Fujiwara-no-Tadahira, and the Minister of the Right, Fujiwara-no-Sadakata, kept night watch in the palace in attendance upon him (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the ninth day, the day Tsuchinoto-mi, the Chōyō Festival was cancelled (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku). On the sixteenth day, the day Hinoe-ne, the matter of a bird drawing out a marker, chū, from the water clock was divined (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki). On the twenty-second day, the day Mizunoe-uma, the emperor yielded the throne to the Crown Prince (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Teiō Keizu as quoted in the Daigoji Zōjiki). An edict ordered the Minister of the Left, Fujiwara-no-Tadahira, to assist the young new sovereign and take the regency of government in his behalf (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Kugyō Bunin). An honorific title was presented, making him Daijō Tennō, Retired Emperor. He intended to move his residence to the Suzaku-in, but his illness was too grave for this to be carried out (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku), and he moved instead to the zōshi, a chamber of the Right Palace Guards office (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, the Fusō Ryakki, and the Teiō Keizu and the Ki-no-Yoshimitsu-ki as quoted in the Daigoji Zōjiki). The Cloistered Emperor made a progress to the chamber to inquire after his illness (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, and the Ki-no-Yoshimitsu-ki as quoted in the Daigoji Zōjiki). On the twenty-ninth day, the day Tsuchinoto-ushi, he shaved his head (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki) and took the Buddhist name Hōkongō (Note: following the Shigeakira-ki as quoted in the Nihon Kiryaku, and the Ribu-ō-ki as quoted in the Daigoji Zōjiki; the Ichidai Yōki, the Teiō Hennenki, the Kōnendai Ryakki, and the Kōin Shōunroku give the name as Kongōhō). On this same day, he died at the Right Palace Guards office. He was forty-six years of age (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku and the Fusō Ryakki). He was buried at Yamashina in Uji district (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku), and his mausoleum was called the Nochi-no-Yamashina Misasagi, the Later Yamashina Mausoleum (Note: following the Fusō Ryakki, the back-notes of the Ōkagami, and the Shūgaishō). His final testament commanded, "Let no posthumous title be bestowed (Note: following the Ribu-ō-ki as quoted in the Daigoji Zōjiki), and let the funeral be conducted frugally" (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku, and the Teiō Keizu as quoted in the Daigoji Zōjiki). He was called Emperor Daigo, and also the Ono Emperor (Note: following the Ichidai Yōki and the Nendaiki Zampen). The kokki-sai, the death-day observance feast, was instituted at Saiji temple (Note: following the Nihon Kiryaku).

¶The emperor applied himself diligently to government and strove to make his reign a good one (Note: following the Jinnō Shōtōki). He showed compassion and care for the common people, and on cold nights would remove his own robes, turning his thoughts to the cold and hunger suffered among the people (Note: following the Ōkagami, the Heike Monogatari, and the Zoku Kojidan). Whenever his ministers memorialized him or answered his questions, he always received them with a gentle countenance. He is said once to have declared: "If one displays severity outwardly, one's subjects find it hard to speak their minds fully. Whenever We deal with others, We always strive to soften Our words and Our countenance. It is Our wish to draw out loyal and upright speech, and to receive counsel offered in true sincerity" (Note: following the Ōkagami). At this time the realm was at peace, the people lived in security, and those of the age likened it to the reign of Emperor Nintoku. In later ages, those who spoke of good government all praised this reign of Engi above all (Note: following the Jinnō Shōtōki).